259 “I was… peacefully”: Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, William Reginald Wheeler papers, no. 4284, June 1937.
259 “It was… ordered”: Columbia University, RBML, William Henry Donald papers, W. H. Donald to Harold K. Hochschild, January 17, 1937.
259 “important functionaries… return”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 60, Folder 3, T. V. Soong, “Notes on Xian,” December 23, 1936.
259 “regarded as… Sian”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Sian: A Coup d’Etat, pp. 4–5 ff.
259 “had a… scrap”: Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, James M. McHugh papers, H. B. Elliston, “China’s No. 1 White Boy,” The Saturday Evening Post, March 19, 1938, p. 31.
259 “the Gissimo… mighty”: Columbia University, RBML, William Henry Donald papers, W. H. Donald to Harold K. Hochschild, April 26, 1937.
260 “still furious… Chang Hsueh-liang”: “The Longer Soong May-ling Lives, the Longer I Will Live,” Zhengzhong, “An Interview with Tang De-gang about Chang Hsueh-liang’s Oral History,” Wan Xiang, 2002.
260 “wracked with… crucial”: Wakeman, p. 234.
260 “anxious and apprehensive”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Sian: A Coup d’Etat, p. 27.
260 “repeatedly asked… him”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 60, Folder 3, T. V. Soong, “Notes on Sian,” December 20, 1936.
260 “that if… situation”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Sian: A Coup d’Etat, pp. 27–29.
260 “I was… man”: Chiang, A Fortnight in Sian, p. 101.
261 “My husband… heads”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Sian: A Coup d’Etat, pp. 29–44.
262 “You started… heads”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 60, Folder 3, T. V. Soong, “Notes on Sian,” December 24, 1936.
262 “if they… magnanimity”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Sian: A Coup d’Etat, p. 44.
262 “According to… back”: Wakeman, p. 234.
263 “they would… government”: Snow, Random Notes on Red China, p. 2.
263 “In reality… settled”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Sian: A Coup d’Etat, pp. 45–48.
263 “a long… subordinates”: Chiang, A Fortnight in Sian, pp. 107–10.
263 “the first… misdeeds”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Sian: A Coup d’Etat, p. 51.
264 “Flying Palace”: Tuchman, p. 196, footnote.
264 “A true… it”: “The Longer Soong May-ling Lives, the Longer I Will Live,” Zhengzhong, “An Interview with Tang De-gang about Chang Hsueh-liang’s Oral History,” Wan Xiang, 2002.
264 “Are you… alone!”: Leonard, pp. 105–8.
264 “erupted with… occasion”: Crozier, p. 189.
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR
269 “Recent events… end”: “Man and Wife of the Year,” Time, January 3, 1938.
269 “unquestionably saved… life”: H. B. Elliston, “China’s No. 1 White Boy,” The Saturday Evening Post, March 19, 1938, p. 31.
269 “with the… them”: Columbia University, RBML, William Henry Donald papers, W. H. Donald to Harold K. Hochschild, January 17, 1937.
269 “the perpetual… himself”: Payne, p. 219.
269 “pleaded with… leniently”: Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, H. H. Kung, June 1937.
269 “always found… live”: “The Longer Soong May-ling Lives, the Longer I Will Live,” Zhengzhong, “An Interview with Tang De-gang about Chang Hsueh-liang’s Oral History,” Wan Xiang, 2002.
270 “I think… right”: www.sina.com.cn, October 28, 2001, Web site of Renmin, Hong Kong, edited by Wu-min.
270 “Communist plot… Communists”: HA: Walter H. Judd papers, Box 175, Folder 3, “Young Marshal Reveals Truth of Sian Kidnap,” November 25, 1974.
270 “perhaps the… set”: “Pain in the Heart,” Time, December 28, 1936.
270 “I never… accurate”: Columbia University, RBML, William Henry Donald papers, W. H. Donald to Harold K. Hochschild, January 17, 1937.
271 “I trusted… me”: Chiang, A Fortnight in Sian, p. 70.
271 “I sincerely… ease”: Hsiung, p. 332.
271 “hard as… pallet”: Farmer, p. 265.
271 “wrong policy… Party”: www.chairmanmao.org/eng/wen/wen23.htm.
272 “Welcome, my… mother”: “Man and Wife of the Year,” Time, January 3, 1938.
272 “With a… heart”: Crozier, pp. 194–95.
273 “seek peace… ourselves”: Ibid., p. 197.
273 “to chastise… behavior”: Payne, p. 226.
273 “anti-Japanese… us”: Tuchman, pp. 210–16.
274 “divine mission”: Ibid., p. 184.
274 “The Japanese… Asia”: Ibid., p. 215.
274 “We Chinese… hearts”: Chiang May-ling, “Appeal to Women of China,” in Madame Chiang’s Messages in War and Peace (Nanking, 1937).
274 “more likely… powers”: Tuchman, p. 213.
275 “Hong Kong’s… Shanghai!”: Dong, p. 194.
275 “the glitter… royalty”: Graham Earnshaw, www.talesofoldchina.com.
276 “any fighting… bystanders”: Tuchman, pp. 213.
276 “with detachment… City”: Han Suyin, Destination Chungking, p. 74.
276 “Under incessant… wife”: Tuchman, pp. 213–14.
277 “Americans speak… woman”: WCA: Anthony Billingham, “The Man and the Woman Whom China Obeys,” The New York Times Magazine, November 7, 1937.
277 “wholesale slaughter… time”: “Message to Women of the World, Madame Chiang on Present Fighting,” The North-China Herald, September 8, 1937.
277 “the primary… there”: Tuchman, pp. 219–23.
277 “Oh, she… Japanese”: Selle, p. 340.
278 “How the… feet”: Farmer, p. 42.
278 “For endless… refugees”: Dong, p. 254.
278 “filth, disease… madness”: “Death and Conquest,” Time, January 3, 1938.
278 “bodies and bits”: “Staff of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank,” in Shanghai: Electric and Lurid City, ed. Barbara Baker, p. 179.
278 “the worst… moment”: Dong, p. 254.
278 “You can… everybody”: Madame Chiang, “Broadcast to the People of America,” in Madame Chiang’s Messages in War and Peace, September 12, 1937.
280 “In this… smell”: Auden and Isherwood, pp. 252–53.
CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE
281 “One thing… husband”: Edgar Snow, “China’s Fighting Generalissimo,” Foreign Affairs 16, no. 4 (July 1938), p. 623.
281 “A self-defeating… on”: Tuchman, p. 212.
281 “Japan is… savages”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “China Bewildered at World Silence,” The North-China Herald, September 15, 1937.
281 “He looked… struggle”: “Generalissimo on U.S. Attitude,” The North-China Herald, September 29, 1937.
282 “The alarm… occurred”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “China Takes Her Stand,” reprinted in The Far Eastern Mirror from Forum, December 1937.
283 “Aviation,” according… Orient”: Claire Lee Chennault, p. 35.
283 “My God… side”: Alsop with Platt, I’ve Seen the Best of It, p. 174.
283 “the most… aviation”: Leonard, pp. 175–76.
283 “bomber generals”: Seagrave, The Soong Dynasty, p. 360.
284 “half-dozen rickety… uniform”: Claire Lee Chennault, p. 36.
284 “peasant”: Anna Chennault, “Memories of Madame Chiang Kai-shek,” Da Gong (Hong Kong), November 2, 2003.
284 “General Scaroni… force”: Claire Lee Chennault, pp. 37–38 ff.
285 “I reckon… Colonel”: DeLong, p. 102.
285 “Combat training… navigation”: Claire Lee Chennault, pp. 39–40.
285 “a crackerjack… seat”: Columbia University Libraries, Sebie Biggs Smith transcription of interview on cassette, p. 143.
285 “How many… Settlement”: Claire Lee Chennault, pp. 41–45.
2
87 “in right… stunt”: Leonard, p. 178.
287 “We love… us”: “Adventures of a Flying Tiger,” Weekend Standard, August 19, 2006, www.thestandard.com.hk/, accessed September 6, 2006.
288 “princess”: Schaller, p. 62.
288 “suggested… squad”: Claire Lee Chennault, p. 53.
288 “greatly disturbed… China”: HA: Claire Chennault papers, Box 1, AUG, CC to Madame Chiang Kai-shek, November 27, 1941.
289 “Sir… gun?”: Leonard, p. 179.
289 “It was… eyes”: Claire Lee Chennault, p. 55.
289 “We got… replacements”: Columbia University Libraries, Sebie Biggs Smith, transcription of interview on cassette, p. 73.
289 “I was… want”: Leonard, pp. 131–32.
290 “Wing Commander… place”: Library of Congress: Nelson T. Johnson papers, Box 32, Willys R. Peck to NTJ, “Memorandum of Conversation with Second Secretary J. Paxton Hall,” May 24, 1937.
291 “gutted… abruptly”: Li, pp. 143–44.
291 “completely by… crestfallen”: Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, James M. McHugh papers, no. 2770, “Memorandum for the Ambassador: Changes in the Chinese Airforce Administration,” February 28, 1938.
291 “a sour… lot”: Tuchman, p. 235.
291 was “misused”… disappeared”: Davies, p. 249.
291 “Tell the… conclusion”: Crozier, p. 206.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX
292 “The morning… insincere”: Grant, Turbulent Era, vol. 2, p. 1205, footnote.
292 “Either I… relentless”: Iris Chang, pp. 68–72.
293 “Trust our… you”: Ibid., p. 120.
294 “On Hsiakwan… executed”: Ibid., pp. 47–48.
294 “pictures that… pictures”: Farmer, p. 101.
295 “No matter… pig”: Iris Chang, pp. 49–50.
295 “There were… eyes”: Ibid., p. 119.
295 “massive outcry… things”: Ibid., pp. 52–59.
296 “a splendid… brutes”: Ibid., pp. 121–26.
296 “a good… since”: Auden and Isherwood, pp. 49–50.
296 “She is… figure”: Ibid., p. 65–69.
297 “Every Japanese… Pigs”: Ibid., p. 54.
297 “My last… unanswered”: DeLong, p. 107.
297 “Our national… war”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, MS to EM, November 7, 1937.
298 “all evening”: WCA: Mills papers, Emma Mills diary, 1937–1941.
298 “You should… me”: WCA: Mills papers, EM to MS, November 16, 1937.
298 “very sketchy… house”: Ibid., EM to MS, June 10, 1940.
299 “I am… at”: HA: Hornbeck papers, Box 150, W. H. Donald to Stanley Hornbeck, January 23, 1939.
299 “filled with… power”: Tuchman, p. 234.
299 “a beautifully… woman”: Farmer, p. 146.
300 “After an… them”: Freda Utley, China at War, pp. 197–98.
300 “the democratic… China”: WCA: Mills papers, MS to EM, January 6, 1938.
301 “the motives… Japanese”: Ibid., MS to EM, April 23, 1938.
301 “I visited… them”: Ibid., MS to EM, April 26, 1938.
301 “to show… can’t”: “Mme. Chiang Kai-shek Sends Spoons to Wellesley ’17,” The New York Times, May 12, 1938.
301 “You are… more”: WCA: Mills papers, MS to EM, April 26, 1938.
301 “I’ve sometimes… mind”: Ibid., EM to MS, May 17, 1938.
301 “shone a… aspects”: Ibid., EM to MS, June 21, 1938.
302 “After all… prominence!”: Ibid., EM to MS, June 28, 1938.
302 “my views… penetrate”: “Powers Aid Japan, Mme. Chiang Says,” The New York Times, June 12, 1938.
302 “a crippled… Nations”: “Mme. Chiang Flays Powers’ ‘Realism,’” The New York Times, June 13, 1938.
302 “a surcease… tortures”: “Mme. Chiang Looks to a Greater China,” The New York Times, June 14, 1938.
302 “They are… them”: WCA: Mills papers, EM to MS, June 14, 1938.
302 “I quite… arguments”: Ibid., MS to EM, June 28, 1938.
302 “the strangest… misplaced?”: Farmer, pp. 172–73.
303 “of interest… conditions”: WCA: Mills papers, MS to 1917 and other Wellesley Friends, September 26, 1938.
303 “I am… derriere”: Ibid., MS to EM, September 26, 1938.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN
304 “The rest… happens”: Laurence Greene, “China’s Miracle-an-Hour Man,” New York Post, March 18, 1943.
304 “There is… leaders”: Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, James M. McHugh papers, JMcH, “Strictly Confidential, Present Political Situation in China,” September 14, 1938.
304 “bound by… devotion”: Ibid.
304 “to build… everywhere”: Selle, p. 339.
304 “probably the… Washington”: WCA: “Mei-ling (‘Beautiful Mood’) Helps Her Husband Rule China,” Life, August 16, 1937.
305 “innumerable”: WCA: Helen L. Mansfield to Dorothy P. Howerth, September 4, 1937.
305 “The greatest… doctors!”: WCA: Fulton Oursler, “China’s Strong Woman Talks,” Liberty, n.d. (probably 1937).
305 “The Person… politics”: Zhang Ning-yi (translator), “Madame Chiang and Modern China,” from the Russian Archives, Taipei Zhongzheng Cultural and Educational Association, 2002.
305 “Almond-Eyed Cleopatra… genius”: WCA: Lady Grace Drummond-Hay, “Almond Eyed Cleopatra Is ‘Power Behind Power’ in War-Time China,” Cincinnati Times-Star, April 29, 1938.
306 “Well, he’s… he?”: Henry Lieberman, “Madame Sun—China’s ‘Conscience,’” The New York Times, May 11, 1946.
306 “It is… defence”: Library of Congress: Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., papers, Box 27, Donald to TR Jr., May 3, 1938.
306 “Our people… now”: Ibid., TR Jr. to Donald, June 5, 1938.
307 “Since I… catastrophes”: Ibid., Donald to TR Jr., December 30, 1938.
308 “To the… democracy”: WCA: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “To the Fifteenth National Convention of the Y.W.C.A.,” April 28, 1938.
308 “The Panay… 1940”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, EM to MS, April 12, 1938.
309 “It will… worried”: Ibid., EM to MS, November 11, 1938.
309 “Not atrocity… general”: Ibid., EM to MS, May 9, 1938.
309 “prefer pictures… themselves”: Ibid., EM to MS, June 28, 1938.
309 “too long… occupation?”: Ibid., EM to MS, September 3, 1938.
309 “Through 1937… China”: “Man and Wife of the Year,” Time, January 3, 1938.
309 “China has… history”: Tuchman, p. 238.
310 “tearing his… late”: Ibid., p. 236.
310 “anti-aircraft defence… farmers”: Auden and Isherwood, p. 37.
311 “When I… Chungking”: Library of Congress: Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., papers, Box 27, Donald to TR Jr., December 30, 1938.
311 “a staggering… equipment”: Crozier, p. 208.
311 “We moved… back”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, The Sure Victory, p. 14.
312 “the great… Manchukuo”: Crozier, pp. 210–12.
313 “position gave… Yuan”: Ibid., p. 241.
313 “merely recognizing… army”: Edgar Snow, “China’s Fighting Generalissimo,” Foreign Affairs 16, no. 4 (July 1938).
313 “themselves out… inefficiency”: Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, James M. McHugh papers, JMcH, “Strictly Confidential, Present Political Situation in China,” September 14, 1938.
313 “that could… capital”: Boorman, vol. 1, p. 205.
314 “bad temper… once”: Ch’en Li-fu, p. 24.
314 “obsession about… squeeze”: Beal, p. 252.
314 “Two silent… authority”: White, “Life Looks at China,” Life, May 1, 1944.
314 “one of… China”: Edgar Snow, “China’s Fighting Generalissimo.”
314 “came to… inefficiency”: Crozier, p. 242.
314 “Let us… Japanese”: Payne, p. 260.
CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT
315 “Madame Kung… all”: WCA: Pearl S. Buck, “The Sister ‘Dictators’: Behind the Chinese Dragon,” scrapbook of items by or about Madame Chiang Kai-shek, collected by Hetty S. Wheeler (1935–1940), unidentified magazine, September 1937.
315 “The runway… airport”: White, In Search of History, p. 69.
315 “Every drop… river”: Library of Congress: Owen Lattimore papers, Box 28, Folder 16, Vincent Sheean, “A Day in Chungking: Lifting Mist Reveals a Patient China at Work,” The New York Herald Tribune, November 8, 1941.
315 “the Heavenly-endowed province”: Fenby, p. 334.
315 “Shanghai,” according… place”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, MS to EM, August 14, 1939.
316 “The city… barges”: White, In Search of History, p. 71.
316 “no escape… turn”: Camp, p. 99.
316 “numerous… large… ferocious”: Farmer, p. 207.
316 “were woken… fright!”: Hoo, p. 84.
317 “as if… Appalachia”: White, In Search of History, p. 74.
317 “not a… house”: Chen San-jing, “The Oral History of Doctor Xiong Wan,” p. 64.
317 “a solemn… rigidity”: Martha Gellhorn, “Her Day,” Collier’s, August 30, 1941.
317 “If I… here”: “Chiang in Chungking,” The Honolulu Advertiser, magazine section,
May 14, 1939.
318 “grunt” the… “all”: Fenby, p. 326.
318 “With the… Government”: Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, James M. McHugh papers, no. 2770, Box 13, Folder 4, draft for book, foreword, p. 2.
318 “perfect dears… circumstances”: Fenby, p. 341.
319 “I just… city?”: Ernest O. Hauser, “Old Chiang,” The Saturday Evening Post, August 28, 1943.
319 “His niggardly… difficult”: WCA: White, “Chiang Kai-shek,” Life, March 2, 1942, p. 76.
319 “intense nervous… Madame”: WCA: F. Tillman Durdin, “Worth Twenty Divisions,” The New York Times Magazine, September 14, 1941.
319 “the work… him”: Cornell University, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, James M. McHugh papers, JMcH, “Strictly Confidential, Present Political Situation in China,” September 14, 1938.