Central Trust, 291
Chace, James, 599
Chang Ching-chiang (Curio Chang), xiii, 92–93, 94, 97
Chang, Iris, 292, 293, 295
Chang, Jung, 57, 83n, 237n, 243n, 323, 352, 357, 559n, 582, 640
Chang Chun, 538
Chang Hsueh-liang (Young Marshal), 141, 188, 193–94, 199, 212, 223, 227–28, 239–41, 242, 250–51, 283, 634
Chiang captured by, 253, 254–59, 260, 261–62, 270–71
sentencing and imprisonment of, 269–70, 339, 534–35, 562, 571, 668
Changsha, China, 142, 161, 197
Chang Tso-lin (Old Marshal), xi, 76–77, 141, 153, 188, 192–93, 222
Chang Tsung-chang, xi, 77–78
Chao Chih-hua, 635
Charnay, David B., 579
Cheeves, Gilbert X. “Buck,” 519
Chefoo, China, 534, 550
Chen, Art, 288–89
Chen, Eugene, xii, 67, 145, 156, 164, 172
Chen, Jennie (Ch’en Chieh-ju), xii, 94, 97, 122, 123, 126–27, 128, 136, 138–39, 140, 143n, 145, 171, 172–73, 175, 176, 177–78, 179, 179n–80n, 180, 185, 225, 245
Chen, Mr., 482
Chen, Pearl, 462–63
Chen Cheng, xii, 317, 590–91, 596, 601
Chen Chi-mei, xii, 90, 92–93, 313–14
Chen Chiung-ming, see Hakka General
Cheng Kuan-ying, 48
Chen Ken, 236
Chen Kuo-fu, xii, 313–14, 482
Chen Li-fu, xii, 313–14, 482, 521
Chennault, Anna, xii, 655, 663
Chennault, Claire Lee, xii, 283, 284–89, 361–62, 369n, 379, 383, 396, 397, 398, 403–4, 446, 448–49, 452–53, 472, 474, 487, 489, 494, 519–20, 557, 602
Chen Shui-bian, 671, 680
Ch’en Tu-hsiu, 83
Chen Yi, xii, 588, 589–90
Chian (Chiang’s attendant), 649
Chiang, Ellen Cui, 635
Chiang, John, 636n, 670, 671n
Chiang, May-ling Soong (Madame Chiang), 1–2, 62, 70–71, 109, 130, 137–38, 141, 145, 159, 191, 194, 196, 225, 242, 250, 299–300, 314, 317–18, 319–20, 364, 365, 368, 369, 390, 481, 489, 537, 545–46, 563, 570, 575, 602, 603, 619, 631, 661, 679
aiding Chiang in writing Soviet Russia in China, 617
American aid and, 2, 395–96, 398, 399, 418, 451, 464, 489, 563, 564, 565, 566–67, 571, 572, 577–78, 581, 594, 620, 637–38
army canteen established by, 189–90
army payroll investigated by, 594–95
articles by, 282–83, 302, 308, 347, 378, 395–96, 441, 652–53, 666, 678
articles on, 304–5, 409, 420, 421, 422–23, 432, 435, 437, 438, 615, 620, 626, 627, 628, 630, 631
book published by, 302–3
Borodin’s conversations with, 147–48
on boycotts, 81–82, 297
at Cairo Conference, 46, 464, 469, 470, 471–73, 475, 490, 649
and Chang Hsueh-liang (Young Marshal), 193–94, 240–41, 269–70
and Chiang’s capture, 253n, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 265
Chiang’s illness and, 644, 649, 650
as Chiang’s translator, 206, 231, 240, 282, 388, 489, 497, 498, 545, 546, 618, 638, 652
Ching-kuo’s relationship with, 247, 249, 272, 560–61, 571, 572, 608, 634–35, 647
Ching-ling avoided by, 647, 650, 663
Currie and, 401
in dangerous flight to China, 454–55
in defense of David Kung, 560–61
Donald and, 243–44, 260, 262, 291, 296, 299, 304, 305, 313, 320, 546–47
erudition and vocabulary, 422, 435, 439–40, 618–19, 621, 652–53, 666
as guest of honor in Russell Senate Office Building, 672
in India, 376–77
Japanese attempt to kill, 388–89
in Japanese bombing raids, 354–55, 356
at KMT congress, 137–38
and Lend-Lease corruption case, 611–13
in Long Island, 660–61
Marshall and, 541–42, 549, 551, 565–66, 581n, 601–2
move to Taiwan, 591, 592
1946 visit to Taiwan of, 589
Order of Lafayette received by, 630
press conferences, 281–82, 423, 432
religion, 17, 117, 118–19, 120, 147, 180–81, 185–86, 214, 215, 217, 247, 300, 318, 503, 591–92, 605–6, 615, 675
Schools for the Children of the Heroes of the Revolution set up by, 206–8
as secretary-general of Chinese Air Force, 283, 285–86, 288, 289–90, 291, 304
Seeckt’s meeting with, 236–37
speeches of, 274, 278–79, 281, 288, 302, 308, 356–57, 378, 416, 418–23, 424, 429–30, 431, 435, 436, 437, 439–41, 527, 592, 629, 630, 631, 652
on status of Chinese women, 108
Stilwell’s meetings with, 374, 383, 385, 387–88, 397, 399, 460–62, 463–64, 469, 476–78
at Sun’s deathbed, 131
Taiwan schedule of, 593, 594
on tour of China, 241–42, 243
and T.V.’s resignation, 332
in visits to U.S., 412–16, 417–28, 429–30, 440–42, 443, 445, 447–48, 451, 454, 460–61, 487, 501, 502, 505, 506–7, 527, 563, 564–65, 571–72, 573, 575–77, 578, 581, 591, 592, 603, 606–7, 614–16, 618–20, 626–30, 631–32, 633
in visit to Canada, 439–40
volunteer work of, 70, 108–9, 110–11, 113, 117
war orphans aided by, 301, 309, 327–28, 407, 432, 440, 650, 678
Wedemeyer and, 522
Willkie and, 405, 406, 410–12, 416, 417, 432–33, 440, 501
Wu’s dismissal and, 608, 609
Chiang, May-ling Soong (Madame Chiang), personal life of:
alleged engagement, 25
alleged miscarriage, 184–85
appearance, 19, 99, 321, 326, 432, 434, 435, 440, 471, 506, 669, 672
birth, 16
in car accidents, 277, 290, 416, 645–46, 659, 676
Chiang’s death and, 653, 655n, 656
Chungking houses of, 317, 320
courtship and marriage of, 85, 169–73, 174–83, 186, 197, 433–34
dancing by, 114, 115
death and memorial of, 677–81
depression of, 217
difficulties with makeup, 672
education of, 18–19, 23, 24–26, 27, 60n, 66, 68, 74, 99, 169, 321, 419
and father’s death, 100–101
illnesses of, 19, 23, 101, 115, 184, 187, 192, 213, 229, 249–51, 324–25, 361, 365, 412, 413–16, 427, 429, 472–73, 490, 501, 502, 504–5, 507, 527, 549, 572, 573, 606, 614–15, 620, 627, 649, 659–60, 662, 665, 677
and Jeanette Kung, 650–52
and Katherine Marshall, 542, 544
marital problems of, 1, 463–64, 518, 529
at Metropolitan Museum of Art, 673–74
in move to large house, 102–3, 108
in move to U.S., 659
neurodermititis, 70, 108, 115
obituaries of, 678–80
as one of “10 Most Admired Women in the World,” 629
painting by, 604–5, 646, 670, 671, 675, 676–77
personality of, 23, 24, 26, 320–21, 487–88, 501, 647
reading by, 113–14
servants of, 67–68
on sex, 111–12
smoking by, 234, 318, 471
study of medicine contemplated by, 115
suitors of, 67, 68–69, 112–13, 117
in trip to Brazil, 503, 504–5, 508
unhappiness at never producing children, 634
visit to Canton, 115–116
weekend home of, 208–9
Chiang, Nancy, 668
Chiang Ai-lian, 248
Chiang Ching-kuo, xii, 91, 95n, 245–47, 257, 272–73, 349, 503, 542, 591, 601, 603, 642, 643, 649, 650, 672
Chiang’s death and, 653–54
illness and death of, 664–65, 667–68
McNamara’s meeting with, 631
May-ling’s relationship with, 247, 249, 272, 560–
61, 571, 572, 608, 634–35, 647
“policy of terror” launched by, 597–98, 614
prison sentences commuted by, 663–64, 667
and seating of Red China in U.N., 641–42
in Soviet Union, 247–49, 250, 272
Taiwanese reform pushed by, 643–44, 664–65, 666, 667, 668
troops sent to Vietnam by, 633
in visit to Nixon, 639
Wu’s differences with, 607, 608
Chiang Kai-shek, 87–88, 92, 128–30, 132, 134–35, 136–37, 154, 158, 163–64, 217, 246–47, 284, 285–86, 356, 405, 420, 445, 448, 483–85, 501, 524, 525, 526, 530–31, 532, 577, 675
accusations of corruption against, 203, 212, 240–41, 379, 443, 452, 481, 510, 564, 565, 570, 679
American Legion of Merit received by, 455
assassination attempts against, 185–86, 187
assets transferred to Taiwan by, 570–71
attempted coups against, 482–83
and Hakka General, 97–98, 133–34, 136
and Blue Shirts, 218, 219–20
at Cairo Conference, 464, 469, 470, 471–72, 474–75, 482
conference of Allies hosted by, 370–71
and Du, 107
elected leader of KMT, 313
expelled from KMT, 154, 156
and Farmer’s Bank, 335
and Feng, 203–5
inaugural as Taiwan president, 631
“Incident of Gunboat Cheng Shan,” 138–40
India visited by, 376–78
in Japanese army, 89–90, 219
and Japanese conquest of Manchuria, 223–25
and K. C. Wu, 607–9
and Lend-Lease corruption case, 611–13
Luces’ visit to, 365
MacArthur’s meeting with, 601
made head of army, 137
made head of military, 187
Manchuria occupied by, 533–35, 548, 549, 554, 558, 562
Mao’s talks with, 531–33
and Marshall, 541, 549, 554, 589
move on Shanghai, 148–53
move to Taiwan, 582
in Nationalist elections, 630
and New Fourth Army incident, 351, 352
New Life Movement of, 231–35, 242, 250, 316
1946 visit to Taiwan of, 589
1972 inaugural address of, 643
and Nixon’s visit to Mao, 642, 643
in Northern Expedition, 129, 138, 140–43, 144–45, 160, 165, 171, 187–88, 190–91, 198, 203, 314, 373
opium policy of, 343–47, 622–23
peace terms with Japan proposed by, 273
Pearl Harbor memo of, 367
in Peking, 194, 196
press conferences of, 281–82, 524
rebellions put down by, 212–13
resignations, 93, 165, 177, 199, 225, 271, 331, 570, 571
second-rate subordinates, 317, 329
in Second Revolution, 92
Shanghai battle with Japan allegedly started by, 274–75, 276–80
in Sian, 253–65, 270–71, 273, 350, 408, 534
Soviet rule over parts of China disputed by, 515, 516
in Soviet Union, 122–23, 124–25
Soviet war with Japan sought by, 364
and Stilwell, 287, 379, 383, 386, 387–88, 390, 391, 392n, 394–95, 396–97, 399, 401, 403, 404, 405, 448, 455, 460–65, 469, 491, 497–99, 522, 617–18
at Sun Yat-sen’s state burial, 204, 210–12
Taiwan schedule of, 593–94
Taiwan troops for Korea proposed by, 601, 617
Taiwan troops for Vietnam proposed by, 631, 633
taxes increased by, 202
on tour of China, 241–42, 243
Tsinan Incident, 190, 191, 192
T.V.’s disagreements with, 331–33, 464–65
U.S. aid sought by, 339–41, 343, 357, 360, 361–62, 366, 395, 399, 402, 403, 416, 446, 476–78, 496, 530, 552, 562, 566–67, 568, 591, 602, 630–31
and Warlord’s council, 200, 201, 203, 205
Wedemeyer’s relationship with, 521–22
and Whampow Island academy, 126–28, 133, 138, 171, 559
White’s interview with, 444–45
and Willkie, 409–10
and Young Marshal, 227–28, 240–41, 269–70, 339, 534–35, 562, 571
see also Chinese Civil War
Chiang Kai-shek, personal life of:
affair of, 501–4
alleged proposal to Ching-ling, 170–71
birth and childhood of, 86–89
in car accident, 645–47
Chungking houses of, 317, 320
courtships and marriages of, 85, 88–89, 94–95, 169–83, 186, 197, 433–34
death and funeral of, 653–56, 659
education of, 88, 89, 90
fiftieth birthday of, 250
H. H. Kung’s eulogy given by, 645
illnesses of, 641, 644, 647, 649–50, 651–52, 667–68
marital problems of, 1, 462–63, 518, 529
and May-ling’s alleged miscarriage, 184–85
religion of, 180–81, 214–15, 217, 318, 322, 409, 503, 655
sterility of, 91, 95, 185
as stock speculator, 97
temper and personality of, 92, 372–73, 384
venereal disease of, 91, 95, 143n, 185
weekend home of, 208–9
Chiang Wei-kuo, xii, 95n, 245, 257, 272, 408–9, 635, 654, 664, 672
Chicago Daily News, 555
Chicherin, Georgi Vasilievich, 98, 122
Child Labor Commission, 71–72
China:
agricultural economy of, 27, 78
bonds in, 50, 159, 202, 327, 330, 332, 333–34, 338, 340n, 345, 524, 556
British differences over Burma with, 370–71, 385, 389, 390, 404, 448, 492–93
civil examinations, 88, 89
constitution, 313, 549–50, 625
corruption, 27, 290, 401, 460, 477, 485, 500
coup, 53, 54
depression, 333–34, 339
economic reforms, 342
education, 28, 30
famine in, 222, 349, 444, 485, 488, 520, 557–58, 559
independence desired for, 121, 122
land reform, 569, 570, 574, 617
marriage in, 63–65, 73–74
North vs. South, 54, 59, 62, 63
railroads, 43, 44, 55, 56, 59, 240, 333, 336, 486, 516, 526, 531, 533, 548, 554, 587
revolution, 44, 53, 60, 81, 90, 93, 95, 213, 330
Second Revolution, 92
steel, 311
taxes, 44, 58, 60, 87, 125, 128, 136, 138, 200, 201, 202, 203, 206, 332, 346, 360–61, 444, 485, 532, 561
trade balance of, 536
trade with, 32
unknown place in postwar world of, 415, 436
U.S. aid to, 2, 339–40, 357, 360, 361–62, 366, 368, 375, 379, 395, 396, 398–99, 402, 403, 418, 446, 477–81, 492, 496, 513, 530, 549, 553, 555, 580, 680
U.S. press treatment of, 545
U.S. trade with, 437
Warlord Era of, 75–78, 79, 142
workers’ strikes in, 158, 162
and World War I, 75, 78
China, People’s Republic of:
Acheson’s hopes for recognition of, 599
and atomic bomb, 627
in break with Soviets, 637, 640
Mao’s declaration of, 581–82
1950 invasion of Taiwan planned by, 601
Nixon’s relationship with, 639–43
and U.N., 631, 632, 641–42, 652
China Defense League, 323
China Defense Supplies (CDS), 362–63, 450, 505, 555, 557, 648
China Democratic Party, 626
China Development Finance Corporation, 333
China Institute, 629
China Lobby, 555–57, 564, 567, 577, 578, 579n, 580, 581, 600, 604, 612n, 638n, 731
China Lobby in American Politics, The (Koen), 555
China Mail, 223
China
Press, 152
China’s Destiny (Chiang), 445, 616
China Shall Rise Again (Madame Chiang), 347
China Times, 679
China Trading and Industrial Development Company, 579
China Training and Combat Command, 519
China Weekly Review, 221
Chinese army:
Stilwell’s plans for reorganization of, 397
training in India of, 402–3
Chinese City, 32
Chinese Civil War, 148, 151, 152, 154, 160–63, 198, 213, 229, 235–36, 237–39, 242–43, 251–52, 256, 272, 275, 326, 330, 331, 333, 334, 343, 349, 350–51, 360, 400, 509, 510–11, 513–14, 566–67
calls for Taiwanese attack on mainland in, 620, 621–22, 635
casualties in, 568
Chiang-Mao talks in, 531–33
Chiang’s anti-Communist diatribes and, 617
Chiang’s occupation of Manchuria in, 533–35, 548, 549, 554, 558
Chiang’s plan for capture of coastal provinces in, 631
Chiang’s threat of retirement in, 566–67
Communist capture of Manchuria in, 562, 568
Communist proposals for peace in, 571, 573–74
Communist sabotage of Chinese infrastructure in, 558
extermination campaigns in, 235–36, 237–38, 251–52, 272
Hsuchow captured in, 568–69
Hurley’s diplomacy in, 512–15, 517, 523–24, 531, 532, 533
Marshall’s negotiations to end, 541, 542, 543–44, 547–49, 550–51, 554, 562, 589
Mukden’s fall to Communists, 562
Nationalist air raids on coastal cities in, 595
and passing of first Chinese Constitution, 549–50
peace talks, 572, 573–74
Quemoy bombed, 620
Soviet support for Communists, 547
underground tunnels, 633
U.S. desire for neutrality, 591
Wallace’s peace mission, 488–90, 491
as war against Soviet Communism, 580
Chinese Daily News, 675
Chinese Economic Monthly, 223
Chinese Exclusion Law (1882), 20, 422, 557
Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (CNRRA), 481, 557
Chinese News Agency, 415
Chinese News Service, 563
Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, 679
Chinese Red Cross, 107
Chinese Reform Movement, 20
Chinese Women’s Anti-Communist Aggression League, 596
Ch’ing (Manchu) Dynasty, 31–32, 39, 40, 42, 43, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 60, 84, 87, 88, 89, 104, 129, 192, 201, 213, 227, 321, 482
Chira, Susan, 670
cholera, 143, 222
Chou Chih-jo, 611, 613
Chou En-lai, xii, 128, 136, 139, 152, 156, 237, 238, 258, 259, 263, 305, 350, 351, 360, 411, 496–97, 513, 514, 517, 545, 581–82, 599, 645, 647, 653