STD CONTROL EFFORTS: THE HISTORICAL RECORD
Bernstein, Laurie. Sonia’s Daughters: Prostitutes and Their Regulation in Imperial Russia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
Brandt, Allan M. No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States since 1880. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Paperback, 1987.
———. “A Historical Perspective.” In AIDS and the Law: A Guide for the Public., edited by Harlon L. Dalton and Scott Burris. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
———. “AIDS: From Social History to Social Policy.” In AIDS: The Burdens of History, edited by Elizabeth Fee and Daniel M. Fox. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
Bullough, Vern and Bonnie Bullough. Sin, Sickness, and Sanity: A History of Sexual Attitudes. New York: New American Library, 1977, p. 140; Richards, op cit., p. 129.
Corbin, Alain. Women for Hire: Prostitution and Sexuality in France After 1850. Translated by Alan Sheridan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990.
Davenport-Hines, Richard. Sex, Death and Punishment: Attitudes to Sex and Sexuality in Britain Since the Renaissance. London: Fontana Press/HarperCollins, 1990.
Flexner, Abraham. Prostitution in Europe. Introduction by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Publications of the Bureau of Social Hygiene. New York: The Century Co., 1914.
Gibson, Mary. Prostitution and the State in Italy, 1860-1915. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986.
Guy, Donna J. “White Slavery, Public Health, and the Socialist Position on Legalized Prostitution in Argentina, 1913-1936.” Latin American Research Review, 23, 3 (1988): 60-80.
Harsin, Jill. Policing Prostitution in Nineteenth Century Paris. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985.
Hyam, Ronald. Empire and Sexuality: The British Experience. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990,1991,1992.
Levine, Philippa. “Venereal Disease, Prostitution and the Politics of Empire: The Case of British India.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 4(4) (1994): 579-602.
———. “Rereading the 1890s: Venereal Disease as ‘Constitutional Crisis’ in Britain and British India.” The Journal of Asian Studies 55(3) (August 1996): 585-612.
———. “Women and Prostitution: Metaphor, Reality, History.” Canadian Journal of History 28 (December 1993): 479-494.
Mahood, Linda. The Magdalenes: Prostitution in the Nineteenth Century. London: Routledge, 1990. Scotland, contemporaneous with the Contagious Diseases Acts in England.
Mort, Frank. Dangerous Sexualities: Medico-Moral Politics in England Since 1830. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987.
Quétel, Claude. History of Syphilis. Translated by Judith Braddock and Brian Pike. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. Originally published as Le Mal de Naples: Histoire de la Syphilis. Paris: Editions Seghers, 1986.
Walkowitz, Judith R. Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class, and the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
AIDS
Epidemiology
Alegria, M., M. Vera, D. H. Freeman, R. Robles, M. C. del Santos, C. L. Rivera. “HIV Infection, Risk Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms Among Puerto Rican Sex Workers.” American Journal of Public Health 84 (1994): 2000-2002.
Darrow, William. “Prostitution, Intravenous Drug Use, and HIV-1 in the United States.” In AIDS, Drugs, and Prostitution, edited by Martin Plant. London: Tavistock/Routledge, 1990.
Day, Sophie. “Editorial Review: Prostitute Women and AIDS: Anthropology.” AIDS 2 (1988): 421-428.
Estébanez, P., K. Fitch, and R. Nájera. “HIV and Female Sex Workers.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 71 (3/4) (1993): 397-412.
Kanouse D. E., S. H. Berry, N. Duan, G. Richwald, and E. M. Yano. “Markers for HIV-1, Hepatitis B, and Syphilis in a Probability Sample of Female Street Prostitutes in Los Angeles.” Unpublished paper.
McCoy, Clyde B., and James A. Inciardi. Sex, Drugs, and the Continuing Spread of AIDS. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company, 1995.
Morgan Thomas, Ruth. “HIV and the Sex Industry.” In Working with Women & AIDS: Medical, Social, & Counselling Issues, edited by Judy Bury, Val Morrison & Sheena McLachlan. London: Tavistock/Routledge, 1992. Morgan Thomas is a member of the International Network of Sex Work Projects and founder of Scot-PEP, in Edinburgh.
———. “AIDS Risks, Alcohol, Drugs, and the Sex Industry: A Scottish Study.” In AIDS, Drugs, and Prostitution, edited by Martin Plant. London: Tavistock/Routledge, 1990.
Padian, Nancy S. “Editorial Review: Prostitute Women and AIDS Epidemiology.” AIDS 2 (1988): 413-419.
Patton, Cindy. “Identity, Community, and ‘Risk.’” In Last Served? Gendering the HIV Pandemic. London: Taylor & Francis, 1994.
Pheterson, Gail. “The Category ‘Prostitute’ in Scientific Inquiry.” The Journal of Sex Research 27(3) (August 1990): 397-407. Also, in Pheterson, Gail. The Prostitution Prism. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1996.
Rosenberg, Michael J. “Prostitutes and AIDS: A Health Department Priority?” American Journal of Public Health 78:4 (April 1988): 418-423.
Scambler, Graham and Rebecca Graham-Smith. “Female Prostitution and AIDS: The Realities of Social Exclusion.” In AIDS: Rights, Risk and Reason., edited by Peter Aggleton, Peter Davies, and Graham Hart. London: The Falmer Press, 1992.
Wilson, David, et al. “A Pilot Study for an HIV Prevention Programme Among Commercial Sex Workers in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.” Soc Sci Med Vol. 31, No. 5 (1990): 609-618.
Scapegoating and Examples of It
Alexander, Priscilla. “A Chronology, of Sorts: Scapegoating Sex Workers for the Epidemic.” In AIDS: The Women, edited by Ines Rieder and Patricia Ruppelt, 169-72. San Francisco: Cleis Press, 1988.
Cohen, Judith B., Priscilla Alexander, and Constance Wofsy. “Prostitutes and AIDS: Public Policy Issues.” AIDS & Public Policy Journal 3:2 (1988): 16-22.
———. and Priscilla Alexander. “Female Sex Workers: Scapegoats in the AIDS Epidemic.” In Women at Risk: Issues in the Primary Prevention of AIDS, edited by A. O’Leary and L. S. Jemmott. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1995.
D’Costa, Lourdes J., Francis A. Plummer, Ian Bowmer, Lieve Fransen, Peter Piot, Allan R. Ronald, and Herbert Nsanze. “Prostitutes Are a Major Reservoir of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Nairobi, Kenya.” Sexually Transmitted Diseases 12(2) (April-June 1985): 64-67.
Plummer, Francis A., and Elizabeth N. Ngugi. “Prostitutes and Their Clients in the Epidemiology and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.” In Sexually Transmitted Diseases, second edition, edited by King K. Holmes, Per-Anders Mårdh, P. Frederick Sparling, et al. New York: McGraw-Hill Information Services Company, 1990.
Policy Issues
Alexander, Priscilla. “Making a Living: Women Who Go Out.” In Women’s Experiences with AIDS, edited by E. Maxine Ankrah and Lynel Long. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
———. “Bathhouses and Brothels: Symbolic Sites in Discourse and Practice.” In Policing Public Sex, edited by Ephen Glenn Colter, Wayne Hoffman, Eva Pendleton, Alison Redick, and David Serlin. Boston: South End Press, 1996.
Booth, Karen M. Technical Difficulties: Experts, Women and the State in Kenya’s AIDS Crisis. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1995.
Decker, John F. “Prostitution as a Public Health Issue.” In AIDS and the Law: A Guide for the Public, by Harlon L. Dalton, Scott Burris, and the Yale AIDS Law Project. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
Leonard, Zoe, and Polly Thistlewaite. “Prostitution and HIV Infection.” In Women, AIDS & Activism, by The Act Up/NY Women & AIDS Book Group Boston: South End Press, 1990.
Prevention
Alexander, Priscilla. “Sex Workers Fight Against AIDS: An International Perspective.” In Women Resisting AIDS: Strategies of Empowerment, edited by Beth E. Schneider and Nancy Stoller, 99-123. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995.
———. Making Sex Work Safe
r: A guide to HIV/AIDS Prevention Interventions. Geneva: World Health Organization, Global Programme on AIDS (draft). Available from the NTFP.
Berer, Marge, with Sunanda Ray. Women and HIV/AIDS. London: Pandora, 1993. See, Sophie Day, Helen Ward, “Sex Work and Personal Life,” p. 217-219; Carole A. Campbell, “Sex Work, AIDS and Preventive Health Behavior,” pp. 225-228; Misha, “Witness,” pp. 264-266; Werasit Sittitrai, “Outreach to Bar Workers in Bangkok,” pp. 280-282.
Butcher, Kate. “Feminists, Prostitutes and HIV.” In AIDS: Setting a Feminist Agenda, by Lesley Doyal, Jennie Naidoo, and Tamsin Wilton. London: Taylor & Francis, 1994.
Campbell, Carole A. “Prostitution, AIDS, and Preventive Health Behavior.” Soc Sci Med 32(12) (1991): 1367-1378.
Darrow, William W. “Assessing Targeted AIDS Prevention in Male and Female Prostitutes and Their Clients.” In Assessing AIDS Prevention, edited by F. Paccaud, J.P. Vader, F. Gutzwiller. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, 1992.
Gorna, Robin. Vamps, Virgins and Victims: How Can Women Fight AIDS? London: Cassell, 1996.
Mann, Jonathan, Daniel J.M. Tarantola, and Thomas W. Netter, eds. AIDS in the World: A Global Report. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992. See especially discussions of sex work, pp. 344-345, 372-381.
Miller, Heather G., Charles F. Turner, and Lincoln E. Moses, eds. AIDS: The Second Decade. Washington: National Academy Press, 1990. See especially, “Interventions for Female Prostitutes,” pp. 253-288.
Overs, Cheryl, and Paulo Longo. Making Sex Work Safe. London: Network of Sex Work Projects and AHRTAG, 1997.
Plant, Martin, ed. AIDS, Drugs, and Prostitution. London: Tavistock/Routledge, 1990. A series of papers on the epidemiology of HIV infection among prostitutes and the impact of AIDS prevention and community organizing interventions in Europe, the United States, Australia, and Africa.
Nonoxynol-9: Studies, Ethics, and Problems
Alexander, Priscilla. And they Always Seem to be Wearing Red: Prostitutes, AIDS, Ideologies, and Ethics in a Clinical Trial of Nonoxynol-9 in Nairobi, Kenya. Unpublished paper, 1996 (available from the author).
Bird, Kristina D. “The Use of Spermicide Containing Nonoxynol-9 in the Prevention of HIV Infection.” AIDS 5 (1991): 791-796.
Kreiss, Joan, Elisabeth Ngugi, King Holmes, Jeckoniah Ndinya-Achola, Peter Waiyaki, Pacita L. Roberts, Irene Ruminjo, Rose Sajabi, Joyce Kimata, Thomas R. Fleming, Aggrey Anzala, Donna Holton, and Francis Plummer. “Efficacy of Nonoxynol 9 Contraceptive Sponge Use in Preventing Heterosexual Acquisition of HIV in Nairobi Prostitutes.” JAMA 268 (1992): 477-482.
———, I. Ruminjo, E. Ngugi, et al. “Efficacy of Nonoxynol-9 in Preventing HIV Transmission.” International AIDS Conference, Montreal, 1989 (abstract no. M.A.O.36).
Roddy, R. E., M. Cordero, C. Cordero, and J. A. Fortney. “A Dosing Study of Nonoxynol-9 and Genital Irritation.” International Journal of STD & AIDS 4 (1993): 165-170.
Roddy, R. E., L. Zekeng, K.A. Ryan, et al. “A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Nonoxynol-9 Film Use on Male-to-Female Transmission of HIV-1.” Women & HIV Conference, Los Angeles, California, May 4-7, 1997.
Stone, Katherine M., and Herbert B. Peterson. “Spermicides, HIV, and the Vaginal Sponge.” JAMA 268(4) (July 22/29, 1992): 521-523.
Zekeng, L., P. J. Feldblum, R. M. Oliver, and L. Kaptue. “Barrier Contraceptive Use and HIV Infection Among High-Risk Women in Cameroon.” AIDS 7 (1992): 725-731.
RESOURCES
Activist organizations
AFRICA
Massage, Escort & Sex Worker
Outreach (MESWOP)
P.O. Box 43282
Salt River Cape Town
SOUTH AFRICA 7925
Phone: +(27) 21-22-1960
Contact: Shane Petzer
Network of Sex Work Projects (NSWP)
3 Morley Rd, Observatory 7925
Cape Town
SOUTH AFRICA
Phone/Fax: +(27) 21-47-6152
Email: hartpetz@africa.com
URL: www.walnet.org/csis/groups/nswp/index.html
Contact: Shane Petzer, International Coordination
The Network of Sex Work Projects (NSWP) consists of sex workers and organizations which provide services to sex workers in over forty countries.
ASIA
Action for REACH OUT
P.O. Box 98108 T.S.T. Post Office Tsim
Sha Tsui,
Kowloon HONG KONG
Phone: +(852) 3-110-9318 call 392
EMPOWER
57/60 Tivanont Road
Nonthburi 11000 THAILAND
Phone: +(66) (2) 526-8311
Contact: Chantipwa (Noi) Apisuk
GAYa Celebes
Jin Kejayaan Utara 2, Blok L No.
293 Ujungpandang 90000 INDONESIA
Phone: +(62) 31-534-4367
Fax: +(62) 31-532-2282
Ikhlas, Pink Triangle
Khartini Dinan Slamah P.O. Box 11859
50760, Kuala Lumpur MALAYSIA
Phone: +(60) 03-441-4699
Fax: +(60) 03-441-5699
Lentera, PKBI-DIY
Jin Tentara Rakyat Mataram Gg Kapas
Badran Yogyakarta 55231
INDONESIA
Phone: +(62) 274 513-595
Fax: 513-566
Email: lentera@ins.healthnet.org
Network of Sex Work Projects (NSWP)
Asia/Pacific: Dr. S. Jana, Project Director
STD/HIV Intervention Programme
8/2 Bhawani Dutta Lane
Calcutta- 700 073 INDIA
Phone: +(91) 33-241-6200 (off)
Fax: +(91) 33-241-6283
Email: ajana@giascl01.vsnl.net.in
SWEETLY
c/o Art Scape
Yoshida Honmachi -4 Sakyo-ku
Kyoto 606 Japan
Yayasan Citra Usadha Indonesia
Jin Belimbing Gg Y No. 4
Denpasar 80231 INDONESIA
Phone: +(62) 361-222620
Fax: +(62) 361-229487
Yayasan Hotline Service Surya
Jin Basuki Rachmat 93
Surabaya 60271 INDONESIA
Phone: +(62) 361-222620
Fax: +(62) 361-229487
Yayasan Kerti Praja
Jin Raya Sesetan 148
Denpasar 80223 INDONESIA
Phone: +(62) 361-223865
Yayasan Kusuma Buana
Jin Asem Baris Raya blok A/3 Gudang
Peluru
Tebet Jakarta Selatan INDONESIA
Phone: +(62) 31-829-6337
AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND
ACT (WISE)
Workers in Sex Employment
P.O. Box 811
Fyshwick 2609 ACT AUSTRALIA
Phone: +(61) 06-239-2905
Fax: +(61) 06-280-5393
New Zealand Prostitutes Collective
P.O. Box 11-412 Manners Street
Wellington NEW ZEALAND
Phone: +(64) 04-382-8791
Fax: +(64) 04-801-5690
Contact: Catherine Healy
New Zealand Prostitutes Collective
P.O. Box 13-561 Christchurch
NEW ZEALAND
Phone: (03) 365- 2595
New Zealand Prostitutes Collective
P.O. Box 6407
Dunedin NEW ZEALAND
Phone: +(64) 03-477-6988
Fax: +(64) 03-477-3863
Prostitutes Association of South
Australia (PASA)
P.O. Box 99
Old Noarluga South Australia 5168
AUSTRALIA
PROS Prostitutes’ Rights Organization for Sex Workers
P.O. Box 211 Cammeray
Sydney, NSW 2062 AUSTRALIA
Phone: +(61) 02-938-1152
Prostitutes Collective of Victoria Inc. (P.C.V.)
10 Inkerman Street,
St. Kilda. 3182, Victoria
AUSTRALIA
Phone: +(61) 3-534-8166
Fax: +(61) 3-525-4492
http://adhocalypse.
arts.unimelb.edu.au/fcf/ucr/student/1996/m.dwyer/pcvhome.html
The Prostitutes Collective of Victoria Inc. (P.C.V.) works for basic human rights and occupational health and safety rights for all prostitution workers.
Scarlet Alliance
P.O. Box 811
Fyshwick 2609 ACT
AUSTRALIA
Phone: +(61) 6-239-1213
Fax: +(61) 6-239-1196
Scarlet Alliance
Australian Forum of Sex Workers
Rights Organizations
c/o AFAO
P.O. Box H274 Australia Square
Sydney, NSW AUSTRALIA 2001
Phone: +(61) 6-650-6797
Contact: Maryanne Phillips
Self Help for Queensland Workers in the Sex Industry (SQWISI)
P.O. Box 689
West End Queensland 4101
AUSTRALIA
Phone: +(61) 07-844 4565
Fax: +(61) 07-844 4565
Sex Workers Outreach Project (SWOP)
461 Riley Street, Surrey Hills
Sydney NSW 2010 AUSTRALIA
Phone: +(61) 2-319-4866
Fax: +(61) 2 310-4262
URL: www.fl.asn.au/swop/
The Sex Workers Outreach Project
(SWOP aims to minimize the transmission of (STD’s) and HIV/AIDS in the NSW sex industry, as well as providing a range of health, safety, support and information services for sex workers, management, clients and partners of sex industry workers.
Sex Workers Outreach Project (SWOP)
P.O. Box 1453
Darlinghurst 2010 NSW AUSTRALIA
Phone: +(61) 02- 212-2600
Fax: +(61) 02-212-3978
SIERA Inc.
Support Information Education
Referral Association
P.O. Box 170 Lawley WA
AUSTRALIA 6050
Phone: +(61) 09-227-6935
Contact: Robert Fawkes, Male
Outreach Project Officer
EUROPE
Aspasie
10 r. Charles Cusin Geneva
SWITZERLAND
Phone: +(41) 22-732-6828
Contact: Mireille Rodeville
Bathseba
Steinwegpassage 42 A
38100 Braunschweig GERMANY
Phone: +(49) 531-444-71