Abbot’s Ripton, 46, 64, 109, 134, 149, 160
abjuring the realm, 192-93
Abovebrook, Henry, 84, 97, 181
Abovebrook, John, 85, 175, 178, 186
Abovebrook, Matilda, 182
Achard, Hugh, 179
acre, variations in, 47
adultery, 116-17, 182
Aethelwin, ealdorman of Kent, 24
Aetheric, bishop of Dorchester, 24-27, 29, 156
agriculture
Anglo-Saxon, 21-22
Bronze Age, 8-9, 19
Iron Age, 9-11, 19
open field, see open field system
Roman, 11-12
Romano-British, 19-20, 21-22
akermen (bovarii), 78
ale, 22, 94, 96, 103-4, 140, 153, 182-83, 206
ale tasters, 57, 83-84, 152, 180, 182-83
Alexander III, pope, 114, 156, 157
Alfred the Great, king, 23-24
Andrew, Prudence, 86
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 22-23
Anglo-Saxon invasion of England, 21-22
Angulo, Alice in, 84, 85
Angulo, Geoffrey in, 84, 111, 187
Angulo, Hugh in, 84, 113
Angulo, Muriel in, 85
Angulo, Richard in, 139
archeology, role of, 4-5, 8-9, 31
assarting, 15, 64, 243
Ault, Warren, 140-41, 142
Avebury (Wiltshire), 39
Bacon, Roger, 158
bailiff, 49, 51-53, 150, 184, 243
Baker, Alan R. H., 201
bakers, 39, 79, 149, 150
Ball, John, 198, 199
ban (monopoly), 48, 77
baptism, 117-19, 156
barley, 9, 11, 16, 17, 55,60, 94, 95, 137, 140, 141, 153
Barnet (Hertfordshire), 124
barns, 37-38
Barnwell, William of, 79, 177
Battle Abbey, 94
Bayeux Tapestry, 17
beadle (hayward or messor), 56-57, 83-84, 93, 243
Bedfordshire, 20, 103-5, 108, 125-26, 173
beer, see ale
Bellamy, John, 192
benefit of clergy, 192
Bennett, H. S., 97
Benyt, Reginald, 132, 188
Benyt, Richard, 76, 84-85, 187
Beresford, Maurice, 4, 132
Bersu, Gerhard, 4
Birmingham, 203
Blaccalf, John, 78, 180
Blaccalf, Ralph, 188
Black Death, 98, 110, 124, 196-97, 201, 204
Blackstone, William, 140-41
Blakeman, Athelina, 85, 116
Blakeman, Richard, 181
Bloch, Marc, 49, 206
Blundel, Geoffrey, 70, 74
boon (bene), 42, 55, 58, 87, 101, 139-40, 144, 199, 243
Boothby Pagnell (Lincolnshire), 54
Bowerchalk (Wiltshire), 147
Bracton, Henry de, 67-68
Bradford-on-Avon (Wiltshire), 23, 33, 38
Brancaster (Norfolk), 109
branding, 62, 147
Braudel, Fernand, 142
Bray, Henry de, 44, 64-65
bread, 48, 94-95, 140, 153
brewing, 57, 152-53, 178, 182-83
regulation of, 57, 178, 182-83
bride ale, 115
Brington, Geoffrey, 135
Brington, Reginald, 84
Britton, Edward, 83, 84, 110, 117, 186
Broughton (Huntingdonshire), 42, 56, 73, 83, 84, 110, 117, 140, 160, 168, 173, 186, 188
burial, 128, 156
Burton Agnes (Humberside), 52, 53
butchers, 79
Butser Ancient Farm Project, 9
bylaws, 132-33, 141, 142, 148, 173, 183, 204, 243
Cambridgeshire, 2, 69, 173
Carlton (Nottinghamshire), 101
carpenter, 149, 151
carrying services, 42, 46
Carter, Margery, 108, 116
carts, 135, 142
cellarer, 50, 93, 243
Celtic fields, 9
censuarii (tenants ad censum),
75, 76, 87, 243
Ceowulf, Anglo-Saxon thegn, 23
Chalgrave (Bedfordshire), 108, 109-10
champion husbandry, see open
field system
Chapelot, Jean, 8, 13
Chapleyn, Aldusa, 89
Chapman, Joan, 86
Chapman, John, 80, 86
Chapman, Robert, 70, 74, 79, 86, 183
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 56, 78, 86, 157-58
Chausey, Thomas, 81, 181
chevage, 42, 76-77, 178, 196, 199, 243
Chichester, bishop of, 183
Child, Reginald, 87, 178, 183
Child, William, 84
childbirth, 117-18
children, 117-20,206
feelings toward, 119-20
naming of, 119
Christmas, 100
architecture of, 162-63, 200
in Elton, 3, 39, 42, 200
furnishings of, 163
murals in, 168-69
revenues of, 159-61
services in, 164-65
churchyard, 41, 102, 128, 163-64
Clare, Bogo de, 157
Clark, Elaine, 124
claviger (macebearer), 51, 144, 184-85
clerk of the account, 50, 55, 56, 174
Cnut, king, 26
communitas villae (community of the vill or village), 7
compurgation (oath helping), 177, 188-89
confession, 169-70
copyhold tenure, 199
coroner, royal, 190-91, 192
coroner’s court, 190-91
rolls of, 34, 103-5, 119-20
corrody, 125, 244
costume, 98-99, 206
cotters, 77, 78, 143-44, 152, 244
Coulton, G. G., 116
Council of Trent, 115
Court Baron, 175-77, 180
courts
Church, 116-17, 182, 189-90
royal, 189-93
(see also coroner’s court, eyres, honor court, manorial court [hallmote])
cows, 22, 61, 142-43, 145, 149
craftsmen, 71, 77, 78-79, 149-53, 202-3
itinerant, 152-53
Crane, Goscelyna, 86
Cranfield (Bedfordshire), 123-24
crime, 103-5, 180, 189-93
croft, 34, 35, 41, 244
Cromwell, Richard, 204
crop rotation, 14-15, 131
crops, 9, 11, 16, 17, 22, 55, 60-61, 65, 94, 131, 137-38, 203
Cross, Alexander atte, 54, 84, 90, 97, 113, 139-40
Cross, Alice daughter of Robert atte, 85
Cross, Robert atte, 85, 133
cruck construction, 33-34, 90
Cuxham (Oxfordshire), 107
Dacus, 26, 31, 156
dairy production, 22, 62
Danish invasion of England, 22-23
Daye, John, 34, 109
death, 126-27
demesne, 11, 17, 31,47, 58, 71, 130, 244
deodand, 191
deserted villages, 4-5, 31, 200-201
De Windt, Anne, 81-82
De Windt, Edwin, 83
diet, 93-98, 139-40, 206
disease, see sickness “Dissolution” of the monasteries, 201-2, 204
Ditchley (Oxfordshire), 13
“Divided Horsecloth,” 123
divorce, 117
Dodwell, Barbara, 28
Domesday Book, 30-31, 68, 69, 136, 156, 195
dovecotes, 38, 39, 40, 151
dowry, 111, 112
dress, see costume
drunkenness, 103-4
Duby, Georges, 46, 69, 94, 198, 200
Dunning, John (John Tanner), 70, 76, 152
Durobrivae, 20-21, 24
Dyer, Christopher, 203
Dyer, Thomas, 48, 79
dyers, 79, 98
Easter, 101
Edward I, king, 191, 192, 197
Edward II, king, 197
Edward
III, king, 197-98
Ellington (Huntingdonshire), 124
Elton (Huntingdonshire), 1, 2, 3, 5, 24, 30-41, 42-43, 45, 46, 47,48,51-53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60-61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69-87, 88-89, 91, 93, 99, 100, 101, 102, 108, 109, 111-12, 116, 117, 121, 133-34, 135, 137, 138, 147, 149-53, 156, 160-61, 173, 174, 177-79, 180-88, 191, 196-97, 199
acquired by Ramsey Abbey, 24-27
in Black Death, 196-97
Elton (Huntingdonshire) in Domesday Book, 30-31
fields of, 41, 129-31
modern, 2-3, 205
origin of name of, 24
plan of, 31-42 (map, 32)
population of, 2, 42
in Tudor era, 204-5
Elton, John of, 40, 72, 73, 85-86, 89-90, 149, 178-79
Elton, Philip of, 55
Elton Hall, 3, 39-40, 204-5
emigration from villages, 152
enclosure movement, 4, 200-201, 204, 205
entry fine (gersum), 108, 112, 199, 244
Ermine Street, 20, 27
essoins, 178, 244
estate management, 47, 40-58
treatises on, 49-50, 62
exemplum, sermon, 166-167
Exeter, dean of, 158
Eynsham Abbey, 161
eyres (circuit courts), 190, 244
fairs, 42, 48
Faith, Rosamond, 107
family, 106-8, 110-20, 122-26
autonomy of, 106-7
cycle, 106
size of, 106
famine, 98, 195-96, 203, 204
famuli, 58-59, 195
Feddersen Wierde, West Germany, 13
felony, 190-92
fertilizer, 16, 17, 35, 137
feudalism, 17-18, 27-29, 45, 244
field systems, 9, 10, 13, 15-16, 41
infield-outfield, 131
multifield, 131
Roman, 13, 20
three-field, 131-32
two-field, 131-32
Finberg, H. P. R., 22
food, see diet
Fossier, Robert, 8, 13
Fourth Lateran Council (1215), 114, 157
frankpledge, 179-80, 204-5, 244
view of, 179-80, 204-5
Fraunceys, Henry, 188
Fraunceys, John, 177
freedom, concept of, 67-69, 73, 152, 205-6
Freeman, Elias, 110-11
friars, mendicant, 166
fruit, 11, 96
fullers, 149, 150
funerals, 127-28
furlong, 15, 41, 47, 129-31, 244
furniture, 93
Gamel, Geoffrey, 139
Gamel, Gilbert, 187
Gamel, Robert, 76, 80, 84
Gamel, Roger, 84, 183
gang-days (Rogation Days), 18, 101, 163
Gate, Margery atte, 112
Gate, Muriel atte, 111
geese, 40, 149
Gerald of Wales, 158, 159, 161
Gibson, Edmund, 201
Glastonbury Abbey, 37, 97, 100, 133, 202
gleaning, 132, 140-41
glebe, 160-61, 244
goats, 22, 149
Godswein, Henry, 85
gore (wedge of land), 130-31, 244
Goscelin, Richer son of, 87
Goscelin, Roger, 84
Gower, John, 98
Gratian, 114
grazing rights, 132-33, 142-43
Great Raveley (Huntingdonshire), 127
green, village, 36, 39, 41-42
Greenway dispute, 184-85
Gregory III, pope, 59
Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, 49, 57-58, 61-62, 64, 127
Hale (Lincolnshire), 161
Hallam, H. E., 97
hallmote, see manorial court
hamsoken, 180, 244
hanging, 191, 193
harboring strangers, 80
harrow, 135
harrowing, 62
Hatcher, John, 7, 69
hay, 9, 65, 138-39, 144, 196-97
haying dispute, 144
Healdene, Viking leader, 23
hearth, central, 91, 92
Hemmingford Abbot’s (Huntingdonshire), 109
Henry III, king, 197
Henry VIII, king, 201, 204
Hering, John, 86, 178, 183, 186-87
heriot, 76, 108, 109-10, 124, 199, 244
Hermite, Andrew L’, 188
heushire, 76, 245
hide (land measure), 31, 245
Hilton, Rodney H., 42, 68, 141-42, 145
holidays, 93, 99-2, 206
Holywell (Huntingdonshire), 47, 121, 140, 159, 160
Homans, George C., 48-49, 183, 185
homicide, 86, 190-91
honor court, 42, 73, 188
horse, 16-17, 59, 83, 136
horse collar, 16-17, 136
Hosbonderie, 148, 149
houses, 11, 12, 14, 20, 21, 22, 31-34, 88-93, 200, 206
construction of, 33-34, 89-90
hall, 89
heating of, 91
interiors of, 91-93
rebuilding of, 88-89
size of, 34
types of, 11, 14, 35
Howard, Katherine, 204
Howell, Cicely, 97
hue-and-cry, 180-81, 192, 245
hundred, 27, 245
Hundred Rolls survey of 1279, 31, 42, 64, 70, 72-74, 77-78
Hundred Years War, 197-98
Huntingdon, 42, 52
Huntingdonshire, 1, 2, 19-21, 27, 42, 43, 133, 173, 201, 203
Hurst, John, 4
Iceni Village, 12
infangenethef, 190, 244
inheritance, 15, 73, 107-8
irrigation, 12, 203
Ivel, River, 20
Ives, Saint, 29
jurors, 83-84, 173-74, 184-85, 188-89
Ketel, John, 81, 85, 109
Kibworth Harcourt, 97
King’s Ripton (Huntingdonshire), 46, 81-82, 111
Kosminsky, E. A., 72, 97-98
labor services, 53, 74-75, 133-35, 154, 183, 196-97
Lane, Henry in the, 130
Lane, Richard in the, 76
Lanercost Chronicle, 162
Langetoft, Allotta of, 187
Langetoft, Isabel daughter of Allota of, 48
Langetoft, John of, 73, 86, 178-79
Langland, William, 99, 114
Laslett, Peter, 203
lay subsidies, 82, 197-98
Leicester Abbey, 183, 184
leirwite, 76,85, 116, 182, 244
leprosy, 121
Liber Gersumarum, 112-13
life expectancy, 121
Lincolnshire, 69
livestock, 9, 16, 22, 34, 38, 48, 54, 55, 62, 82-83, 136, 145-47
London, 34, 42
longhouse, 11, 12, 14
lord, 44-49,62-66, 88, 111, 154, 172, 183-86, 188-89, 195, 196, 205
capital investments of, 64-65
ecclesiastical, 45
income of, 46-49, 57-58, 64-66
lay, 44-45
life-style of, 46
privileges of, 47-48
roles of, 46-48, 196
love-day (dies amoris), 178, 244
Luttrell Psalter, 102
maintenance contracts, 108, 122-26
Maitland, Frederic, 68
malt, 22, 38
Manning, Robert, 102, 114, 115-16, 118, 122-23, 126, 161-62, 164-65
manor, 17-18, 27, 67
definition of, 17, 244
“farming” of, 45-46
identity with village, 27, 30, 45
officers of, 49-57, 180
manor house, 3, 36-37, 41, 51-53, 54, 151, 200, 201, 204
manorial accounts, 31, 54-55
manorial court (hallmote), 47-48, 51, 77, 89, 124, 172-89
appeal from, 187-88
fines in, 47-48, 64, 181-82, 186, 189
jurisdiction of, 189-91
legislative activities of, 173
litigation in, 178-79
procedure of, 144, 172-79, 183-87
punishment imposed
by, 181-82
records of, 31, 69, 70, 82-83, 86-87, 174-75
manorial system, 17-18, 27-28, 49
markets, 42, 48, 63-64
marriage, 107, 111-13, 169, 206
ceremony, 113-15
clandestine, 115-16
consent in, 114
Marshal, Adam, 76
Marshal, Henry, 180
Marshal, Simon son of Henry, 76
Marshal, Walter, 76
Marx, Karl, 18
meadow, 131, 138-39, 203
meiatores, 61
merchet, 76, 111-13, 154, 182, 244
Merton, 147
midwives, 117-18
Miller, Edward, 7, 69
Miller, Henry, 188
Miller, Nicholas, 78, 111, 181
Miller, Richard, 116
millers, 78-79, 149, 150
mills, 31, 36, 48, 77, 78, 149-50, 196
money-lending, 186-87
Montaillou, 86
Montfort, Simon de, 34
Morburn, Thomas of, 180
mortuary, 109, 159, 245
mowing, 138-39, 154, 196-97
multure, 78, 245
murrain, 63, 195-96
mutilation (as punishment), 193
Myrc, John, 118, 126-28, 159, 165, 170
Nene, River, 2, 3, 20, 32, 79, 97, 151
Newbold Grounds (Northamptonshire), 130
New England, 203-4
Newton Longville (Buckinghamshire), 203
Nolly, John, 76-77
Norman Conquest, 17, 27-38
Norman Cross (Huntingdonshire), 42
Norman Cross Hundred, 27, 30,43
oats, 9, 16, 17, 60, 94, 137, 140, 141, 153
oblations, 51, 56, 160
Oculus Sacerdotis, 159, 165, 169
old age, 121-26
Oman, Sir Charles, 199
open field system, 14-16, 49, 129-33, 201, 203-4
origin of, 15-16
operarii (tenants ad opus), 75, 243
Oswald, saint, archbishop of York, 24
Oundle, 2, 3, 51
Ouse, River, 20
outlawry, 193
ovens, communal, 38-39, 41, 48, 77, 79, 196
ox, 17, 22, 59, 136, 204
Page, John, 135, 177, 183, 187
pannage, 148, 245
parish, 155-57
identity with the village of, 155
origin of, 155-56
Parr, Katherine, 204
Paston family, 199-200
peas and beans, 11, 16, 17, 60, 95-96, 136-37, 141
Peasants’ Rebellion of 1381, 86, 198-99
Pecham, John, archbishop of Canterbury, 157, 158
penance, 170
pensions, old-age, see maintenance contracts
Peterborough, 2, 3, 48, 51, 147, 152, 191
Peter Lombard, 113
Peverel, Pagan, 29
Piers Plowman, 99, 144, 154
pigs, 22, 83, 143, 147-48
Pipewell Abbey, 65-66
Pirenne, Henri, 152
planting, 131, 136-38
pledging, personal, 175, 177-78, 188, 245
plow, 10, 11-12, 16-17, 135
with coulter and mouldboard, 11-12, 135
heavy, 16, 135
scratch, 10
wheeled, 135
plowing, 9, 10, 11-12, 134-38
plow team, size and makeup of, 16-17, 22, 59, 136
poll tax, 198, 199