DOWNS, Basic Documents.*
ESPINAS, GEORGES, Les finances de la commune de Douai des origines au XVe siècle. Paris, 1902.
GUILBERT, Histoire des villes de France.*
HAZELTINE, HAROLD D., “Roman and Canon Law in the Middle Ages,” Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. V. New York, 1929.
HEEREN, A. H. L., Essai sur l’influence des croisades. Trans. from German to French by Charles Villers. Paris, 1808.
JOINVILLE, JEAN DE, and VILLEHARDOUIN, GEOFFROI, Chronicles of the Crusades, trans. M. R. B. Shaw. Baltimore, 1963. (Containing Villehardouin’s Conquest of Constantinople and Joinville’s Life of St. Louis.)
LEFÈVRE, ANDRÉ, “Les finances de la Champagne au XIIIe et XIV siècles,” in Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, 4th series, IV and V. Paris, 1868–9.
LESTOCQUOY, J., Les villes de Flandre et d’Italie.
LUCHAIRE, Communes françaises.*
MUNDY, JOHN H., Liberty and Political Power in Toulouse, 1050–1230. New York, 1954.
MUNDY and RIESENBERG, Medieval Town.*
PIRENNE, Social and Economic History.*
PROU, MAURICE, and D’AURIAC, JACQUES, Actes et comptes de la commune de Provins de l’an 1271 à l’an 1330. Provins, 1933.
ROSEROT, Troyes.*
RUNCIMAN, STEVEN, A History of the Crusades. Cambridge, 1951.
SABINE, “Latrines and Cesspools.”*
SAYOUS, La France de St. Louis.*
SMAIL, R. C., Crusading Warfare, 1097–1193. Cambridge, 1956.
SOCIÉTÉ JEAN BODIN, Recueils, La Ville. Brussels, 1954.
STEPHENSON, Borough and Town.*
STEPHENSON, Medieval Institutions.*
STONE, E. N., trans., Three Old French Chronicles of the Crusades. Seattle, 1939.
THATCHER and MCNEAL, Source Book for Medieval History.
CHAPTER 16. THE CHAMPAGNE FAIR
ADELSON, Medieval Commerce.*
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D’AVENEL, Histoire économique.*
BAUTIER, R. H., “Les foires de Champagne,” in Recueils Jean Bodin, Vol. V, La foire. Brussels, 1953.
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BLOCH, Feudal Society.*
BOURQUELOT, FÉLIX, Etudes sur les foires de Champagne.*
BOUTIOT, Histoire de Troyes.*
Cambridge Economic History, II, III.*
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STEPHENSON, Medieval Institutions.*
THATCHER and MCNEAL, Source Book.*
Searchable Terms
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Abélard, Peter, 174, 186
Accore, Renier, 107
Adelerin, abbot of St.-Loup, 32, 232
agriculture, 10, 11, 12, 191, 225–226
“aids,” 209–210
Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus), 55
Albigensians, 133–134, 197–198
Alcuin, 175
Alexander III, pope, 130
Alexander of Villedieu, 159, 240
Alexandria, 5
Amalfi, 10
America, discovery of, 227
Amiens, cathedral of, 137, 148, 238
Anségise, bishop of Troyes, 9, 13, 232
Antwerp, 227
apprentices, 43, 79, 80, 83, 90–93, 98, 102, 105, 212
Aquinas, Thomas, 132, 165
Arabic numerals (see Hindu-Arabic numerals)
architects (see builders)
Aristotle, 161, 165
arithmetic, 157, 161–162
armor, II, 79–80, 219
Arras, 7, 24, 31, 189, 201, 216, 227
Arsenal of Venice, 16
Arte di Calimala, 103, 216
Arthurian romances, 167, 178
astrology, 59, 113, 161
astronomy, 161
Attila, 3, 32
Aurelian, Roman emperor, 1
Autun, 25
Auxerre, 23, 219
bishop of, 6, 156
Avignon, 4, 227
Pont d’, 25
“avoir de poids,” 217–219, 222
backgammon, 65
bakers, 49, 91, 191
Balearic Islands, 5
Balkans, 11
banking (see moneylending)
Bapaume, 23, 24
baptism, 61–62
Barcelona, 21, 24
Bardi company, 220, 225, 226
Bar-sur-Aube, 23, 24, 208, 211, 218, 219
Bartholomew Anglicus, 58, 115
bathing, 44
baths, public, 2, 32, 190
Beauvais, cathedral of, 148
belfry, 228, 233
bells, 46, 47, 143–144, 239
Benedictines, 4
Bernard of Chartres, 154, 159
Bernard of Clairvaux (see St.-Bernard)
betrothal, 70
birth defects, 58, 115
birth records, 62, 235
Black Death, 191, 226
Black Sea, 16
blacksmiths, 11, 79–80, 142
Blanche of Artois, 224, 231
Blanche of Castile, queen of France, 54, 131, 167–168
Blanche of Navarre, countess of Champagne, 54, 167, 231
Blois, 168
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 225
Bodel, Jean, 189
Boethius, 157
Boileau, Etienne, 235
Bologna, 21, 164, 206
University of (see University of Bologna)
books, 83, 171–182
bookstores, 175, 241
Bourbon-l’Archimbault, 242
Bourges, 225
bourg (burh, borough), 9
bread, 49, 191
Breteuil, Custom of, 19
bridges, 15, 25, 28
Brienne, Lord of, 191
Broce-aux-Juifs, Troyes, 33, 93–97
builders, 136–148, 152–153, 238, 239
butchers, 30, 48, 49, 89, 226
buttresses, 140, 147, 239
Caesar, Julius, I, 88
Cahorsin, 104, 207, 220
calculating board, 98–99, 163
calendars, 223, 244–245
canonization, 130, 238
Canterbury cathedral, 137, 192–193
Carcassonne, 195, 197–198
Carmelites, 131
Caroline minuscule (see lettering)
Carpathians, 11
cartwrights, 84–85
castle of the counts of Champagne, 32
Cathars (see Albigensians)
cathedrals, 135–153, 162
cathedral of St-Pierre and St.-Paul, Troyes, 33, 46, 135, 136, 138, 139, 148, 151, 190, 238
cathedral schools (see also education), 154–164
Cats’ Alley (Ruelle des Chats),
Troyes, 29, 30, 229
Châlons, 23, 201
Champagne, counts of (see names of individual counts)
Champagne, county of, 1, 6, 19, 23, 25, 100, 107, 167, 190, 191, 218, 222, 225
Champagne, Fairs of, 1, 12–14, 19, 23–31, 86, 106, 206, 208, 211–223, 224–226, 229, 243–244
rout
es to, 23–25; 24 (map)
charter, 18–19, 199, 202–203, 208
Charter of 1230, Troyes, 19, 201–203, 207–208
Chartres, 6, 159, 168
cathedral of, 82, 84, 85, 102, 113, 131, 136, 158, 159
cheese, 49, 219
chess, 63–65
childbirth, 58–61
children, 58–67
Chrétien de Troyes, 23, 68, 76, 167, 169, 178
church, 2, 120–134, 237–238
services, 120–126, 183–186
“churching,” 62–63
cider, 86
Cistercian order, 10, 153, 160
cité, 2, 18, 32, 93, 95, 190
civitas, 2
clepsydra (water clock), 47, 122, 234
clock, 47, 234
cloth, 9, 13, 23, 31, 98, 100–103, 215–216, 221, 225
standard bolt of, 216
Clovis, 4
Cluniac order, 10, 41, 153
Cluny, 35, 36, 414
coal, 79
coinage (see money)
Cologne, 12, 21, 24, 219
Columbus, 227
commenda, 214
Commercial Revolution, 33, 228
commune, 17–19, 94, 136, 199, 200
oath of, 200
Constantine, 2, 126
Constantinople, 5, 10, 16, 126, 167, 217
coppers, 84–85
copyists, 83, 171–175
Cordova, 85
Cornwall, 11
corporation, 93, 199
cosmetics, 47
costume, 30, 37–38, 70
cotton, 216
court cases, 204, 243
Le Courtois d’ Arras, 189.
courts, 199, 203–207
crafts (see also tailors, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, shoemakers, tanners, coopers, cartwrights, furriers, saddlemakers, weavers, fullers, dyers) 77–93, 236
crank, 144
credit (see also moneylending), 221–223
Crusades, 52, 53, 95, 106, 132, 167, 191, 194, 197, 207, 208–210, 225
Damietta, 209–210
Dandolo, Doge of Venice, 132
de la Halle, Adam, 65, 107, 242
demography (see population)
demons, 132
denier (see penny)
denier de Provins, 99, 220, 237
dialectic (see logic)
Dijon, 23, 71, 235
Disciplina Clericalis, 233
diseases (see also Black Death), 114–119
divorce, 69
doctors, 60, 109–119, 237
Dominicans, 32, 129, 131, 134
Donatus, 159
Doré, Sire, 108
Douai, 31, 101, 209, 216, 227
dowry, 69
Dublin, 6
dyers, 103
dyes, 103, 219
Eberhard of Bethune, 159
Ebstorf Map, 240
écu, 237
Edmund of Lancaster, 52, 224
education, 154–165
of women, 52–53
Edward I, king of England, 94, 237
Edward III, king of England, 226
Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of
France, later queen of
England, 54, 166–167, 231
ell, 216
encyclopedias, 161
Ericson, Leif, 227
Etienne, count of Chartres, Blois, and Brie, 13, 230
Etienne, count of Vermandois, 232
etiquette, 39–43, 56–57, 233
Euclid, 162
Eudes, count of Vermandois and Champagne, 13, 230
Everyman, 243
Extenta terre comitatus Campanie et Brie, 20, 243
extreme unction, 74
fabliaux, 55, 178, 241–242
fairs (see Champagne, Fairs of)
famine, 190, 191, 225–226
farm implements, 10, 11, 88–89
fasting, 41
Feast of the Circumcision, 183–184
Feast of the Holy Innocents, 183
feudal charges (see also “aids”), 17, 18, 199, 202
fire, 12, 32, 135, 190, 192–193, 228
fish, 43
Flamenca, 73, 178–182, 242
Flanders, 4, 12, 13, 19, 23, 25, 100, 101, 103, 191, 209, 213, 215, 219, 223, 225, 227
flax, 216
fleas (see vermin)
floods, 190, 191–192
Florence, 16, 21, 23, 24, 25, 103, 107, 215, 216, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 227, 245
Fourth Lateran Council (1215), 69
Franciscans, 32, 131
Franks, 3, 4, 18, 197
Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, 16
Frederick 11, Holy Roman Emperor, 22, 59, 95–96, 205
fullers, 102–103
funerals, 73–75
furniture, 37, 99
furriers, 82, 97, 162, 219
Galeran, 53, 59, 178
games (see recreations)
gardens, 12, 28, 51–52, 234
garderobe (see sanitation)
Garin de Loherain, 211
Garnier de Traînel, bishop of Troyes, 128
gates of Troyes, 28
Gautier de Nemours, 65
Gembloux, Sigebert de, 190, 191
Genoa, 5, 13, 15, 16, 21, 23, 24, 214, 215, 222, 225, 227
geography, 162
geometry, 157, 162
Gerald of Wales, 156
Gerbert (Pope Sylvester II), 234
Gervaise of Canterbury, 192–193
Ghent, 7, 12, 21, 24, 25, 216, 223
ghetto, 32, 33, 94
Gibraltar, 225
Gilbert de Barneville, 107
glass, 233
stained, 149–153, 239–240
godparents, 58, 61–63
goldsmiths, 12, 80–82, 90, 92
Goliards, 166
Goodman of Paris, 46
Gothic architecture, 135, 137, 140, 145–148, 150, 153, 239
government, 199–210
grammar, 154, 159–161, 163
Grands Jours de Troyes, 207
Gratian, 175, 206
Gregorian chant, 120–122
grosso (groat), 100, 237
guarantees to merchants, 25, 213–214
Guibert of Nogent, 128, 160, 232
guilds, 77, 86, 89–93, 101, 149, 235, 242–243
Guillaume de Lorris, 177
Hamburg, 9, 12, 24
hanging, 191, 203
Hanse, German (Hanseatic League), 23, 227
Hanse of the Seventeen Towns, 216
The Hard Creditor, 52
Hasting, 6
Héloise, 55
hemp (see flax)
Henri of Provins, 71, 73
Henry, Prince of England, 74
Henry I, the Generous (le Libéral), count of Champagne, 18, 30, 32, 80, 96–97, 117, 166, 230, 231
Henry II, count of Champagne, 105–106, 231
Henry III, king of England, 22, 59, 96
Henry v, king of England, 226
herbs, 44, 51, 112–113
Hereford map, 240
heresy, 132–134
Héribert, count of Vermandois, 232
Herjulfson, Bjarni, 227
Hervée, bishop of Troyes, 46, 132, 135, 136
Hilarius, 186
Hindu-Arabic numerals, 163
holidays, 90, 183–186
horse-collar, 11, 88
horse market, 87–89
horses, 11, 87–89
hospitals, 28, 32, 117–118
Hôtel-Dieu-le-Comte, Troyes, 117–118, 229
houses, 30, 34–37, 42–45, 98–99
Hugo (Hugues), count of Troyes, 166, 230
Hugo of La Marche, 167, 193, 202
Hundred Years’ War, 226
Hungarians, 7
Huns, 3, 7, 10,
Industrial Revolution, 21, 228
Innocent II, pope, 18
Innocent III, pope, 18, 96, 126, 165
Innocent IV, pope, 22, 96
Inquisition, 133–134
insurance, cargo, 225
interest, 105, 106
iron and steel, 79–80
Isère, 25
ivory, 219
Jacob of Troyes, “Master of the Jews,” 94
Jacques de Vitry, 69, 232, 238
Jeanne de Navarre (Jeanne of Champagne), 224, 231, 235
Jerusalem, 104, 116, 128, 162
Jeu de Robin et de Marion, 65–66, 242
Jews, 32, 33, 93–97, 104, 105, 106, 113, 114, 220, 236
Joan of Arc, 226
John VIII, pope, 135
John of Garlande, 234
John of Gloucester, 137–138
John of Salisbury, 154, 174
Joinville, Jean de, 65, 209–210
Jongleurs, 70, 72, 73, 168, 235
Joufroi, 178
journeymen, 90, 93, 101
judicial duel (see trial by combat)
justice, 19, 202–207, 208
Justinian, 175, 205
Keppers of the Fair, 108, 165, 212, 216, 223
Kitchens, 43–44
The Kite, 178
Lagny, 24, 211, 218
Lamentations of Mathew, 177
land clearing, 10, 25
Languedoc, 25
Lanstiers of Arras, 200
Laon, 201, 206–207
cathedral of, 148
Latin, 99, 114, 154, 156, 159, 163–164, 172, 175, 215
Latin Quarter, 164
laundry and cleaning, 51
law, 205–207
lawyers, 206
leather (see tanners)
Legendre, Pierre, 108
Legnano, Battle of, 16
Leonard Fibonacci, 163
leper colonies, 116
Leproserie des Deux Eaux, near Troyes, 116
leprosy, 116–117
lettering, 175
“letter of carriage,” 214
letter of credit, 220
“letter of the Fair,” 223
letter-writing, 99, 156–157, 161
Liber Abaci, 163
liberal arts, 157–164, 240
Libergier, Master Hugues, 137
libra (livre, pound), 99, 236–237
libraries, 175, 241
Lille, 7, 21, 24
linen (see flax)
Little St. Bernard Pass, 23
livre (see libra)
logic, 159–161
Lombard League, 16
Lombards, 10, 31, 215
“Lombards” (moneylenders), 215, 222
London, 6, 12, 15, 21, 227
Lorris, Custom of, 18
Louis I, the Pious, king of France, 141
Louis VII, king of France, 14, 17, 18, 92, 166, 230
Louis VIII, king of France, 167, 230
Louis IX, king of France (St.-Louis), 22, 51, 52, 60, 65, 74, 94, 114, 128, 131, 167, 191, 209–210, 225, 230, 237