Halsted, James, 174
Hammer, Victor, 54, 195n6
Hammer family, 174, 195n6
Harding, Warren G., 29
Harriman, Mrs. J. Borden, 29
Health care, 78, 80
Hickok, Lorena: ER’s friendship with, 125, 128, 129, 131–32, 136, 148, 149, 151, 199n2; and Arthurdale, 136–37, 139; ER’s correspondence with, 155, 199n2; and ER’s death, 175
Hoover, Herbert, 130
Hopkins, Harry, 128, 131
House Committee on Un-American Activities, 134
Howe, Louis, 2, 15, 19, 57, 59, 100, 112, 126–28, 134, 138–39, 154
Hudson River School, 5–6, 12
Hudson River Valley: and Roosevelt family, 1, 4, 6–7, 10, 11–12; ER’s roots in, 4, 10–11, 48; setting of, 4–6
Hyde Park, New York: history of, 4–6; FDR returning during presidency, 141, 200n1. See also Springwood, Hyde Park; Val-Kill estate, Hyde Park
Ickes, Harold, 138
Ireland, Nancy Roosevelt, 197n2
Israel, 84
James Roosevelt Memorial Library, Hyde Park, 46, 117
Jefferson, Thomas, 36, 116–17
Jewett, Sarah Orne, 40
Jews: ER as public advocate for, 67, 83–84, 137; at Todhunter School, 120
Johannesen, Nelly, 116, 133, 145
Johnson, Lyndon, 175
Junior League, 20
Justice, ER as public advocate for, 67, 163
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 175
Kennedy, John F., 175, 177
Kennedy family, 147
Key West, FDR’s houseboat in, 83, 121
Kipling, Rudyard, 147
Knickerbocker society, 6
Labor movement: women’s involvement in, 17; MD’s involvement in, 25, 31, 81, 158, 164; ER’s involvement in, 31, 62, 67, 81–82, 108–9; NC’s involvement in, 81
Landolfa, Frank Salvatore, 61, 114, 115
Lape, Esther: and New York City League of Women Voters, 17; on ER’s relationship with FDR, 18; ER’s friendship with, 19, 25, 31–32, 78–81, 86, 132, 152–53, 172, 174, 197n12; and ER’s political work, 21; as life partner of Elizabeth Read, 31–32, 78–79; with ER in Washington, D.C., for congressional hearing for Bok Peace Prize, 79–80, 95; ER renting apartment from, 141, 152; and Tommy Thompson, 150
Lash, Joseph, 81–82, 84, 134–35, 148, 164, 170, 174, 197n18
Lash, Trude Pratt, 84, 134, 135, 170, 174
League of Women Voters, 17, 28, 73, 78
LeHand, Marguerite “Missy,” 31, 49–50, 59, 66, 94, 122, 128, 134
Levenson, Peggy, 89
Liberty Loan drive, 23
Livingston, Robert, 111
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 9–10, 66
Marine Museum, Mystic, Connecticut, 168, 169
Martha (princess of Norway), 143
Mercer, Lucy, 9–10, 18–19, 39, 64, 166
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 114, 118
Miller, Earl, 63–64, 84–86, 94, 127, 141, 149, 197n18
Mills, Harriet May, 27, 29
Monticello, 36, 116
Mont St. Michel, 45, 110
Morgenthau, Elinor, 28–29, 74–75, 82–84, 112, 117
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 82–84, 117, 166
Morgenthau, Henry, Sr., 82
National History Museum, Buffalo, 117
National Park Service, 177, 178, 193n1
National Register of Historic Places, 139
Nesbitt, Henrietta, 13, 75, 128
New Canaan, Connecticut, 168–70, 171, 172
New Deal: ER’s interest in, 3, 138, 163; and Mary Dewson, 76, 197n9; cultural outreach of, 118; Val-Kill Industries as precursor to, 119; Harry Hopkins as director of relief programs, 128. See also Arthurdale, West Virginia
New Women, and progressivism, 20
New York City: James Roosevelt’s townhouse in, 7; ER and FDR’s marriage in, 8; Sara Delano Roosevelt’s townhouse in, 9, 31–32; ER and FDR’s townhouse in, 9, 31–32, 82, 117, 122, 145; ER’s early life in, 20; and ER’s Greenwich Village apartment, 141, 152; ER’s brownstone with the Gurewitsches, 170, 173, 174
New York City Democratic Women, NC, ER, MD, and Caroline O’Day in office of, 94
New York Democratic politics, ER’s involvement with women in, 2, 15–17, 18, 21, 22, 28
New York Democratic Women, ER as keynote speaker for fund-raiser of, 15–16, 17, 19–20, 25, 73, 125
New York State, ER’s work for Democratic Party in, 21
New York State Democratic Committee, Women’s Division: NC working for, 25, 27, 57–58, 121, 138, 145, 150, 154, 162; Caroline O’Day working for, 28, 29; ER working for, 28, 29–30, 57, 72, 154, 162; and Women’s Democratic News, 112; Val-Kill Industries furniture in office of, 117–18
New York Women’s Trade Union League, 81–82
Nineteenth Amendment, 23
Oak Terrace, Tivoli, 10–11
O’Day, Caroline, 28–30, 46, 62, 77, 83, 94, 112–13, 117, 158
O’Day, Daniel T., 158
O’Day, Ella, 29
Olaf (crown prince of Norway), 143
Osthagen, Henry, 134
Pacifism: and MD, 23; and NC, 23; ER as public advocate for, 67, 78, 79–80, 113, 149; Esther Lape’s activism for, 78, 79–80; Caroline O’Day’s activism for, 113
Patterson, Cissy, 73
Pearl Harbor attacks, 163–64
Perkel, Edna, 170
Perkins, Frances, 30, 77, 82, 121, 143, 157–61
Perkins, Susanna, 158
Pickett, Clarence, 138
Plog, William, 70, 167
Pons, Lily, 128
Post, Emily, 54
Poughkeepsie, New York, 6, 13, 14, 46, 51
Quinn, Susan, 199n2
Raz-Russo, Michal, 55
Read, Elizabeth: ER’s friendship with, 17, 19, 25, 31–32, 78–81, 86, 132, 152–53, 197n12; as ER’s attorney, 17, 79; as life partner of Esther Lape, 31–32, 78–79; death of, 81; ER renting apartment from, 141, 152; and Tommy Thompson, 150
Red Cross, 17, 23
Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, D.C., 176–77, 201n4
Roosevelt, Anna. See Halsted, Anna Roosevelt Dall Boettiger (ER’s daughter)
Roosevelt, Anne Clark, 42, 106, 111
Roosevelt, Danny, 155–56
Roosevelt, David B., 197n2
Roosevelt, Eleanor: children’s relationship with, 1, 2, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21, 37, 39–41, 105–9, 135, 147, 163, 165–67, 168; relationship with Anna Roosevelt Halsted, 1, 18, 106, 166, 174; relationship with Sara Delano Roosevelt, 2, 7–8, 9, 10, 15, 19, 20, 21–22, 38, 52, 56–57, 65–66, 105, 109, 110, 141, 151, 165; marriage to FDR, 2, 7–10, 18–19, 30, 31, 39, 57, 58, 59–60, 65, 69, 72, 85, 141, 152, 157, 163–64; and progressive network of women, 2, 17, 72, 73; independence of, 2, 19, 60, 65, 66–67, 86, 125, 129, 146; on friendship, 2, 25, 43, 72–73; as First Lady, 2, 103–4, 117, 125, 126, 127, 131–34, 136–40, 141, 142, 146–47, 163; privacy of, 3; Hudson River Valley linked to, 4, 10–11; early relationship with FDR, 7, 42; Lucy Mercer as social secretary of, 9, 18; and FDR’s infidelity, 9–10, 18–19, 57, 64; travel of, 10, 15, 21, 28–29, 38, 43, 44, 45, 56, 67, 109–10, 111, 126, 129, 132, 136, 138, 139, 142, 150, 152, 164, 170, 171; on Oak Terrace, 10–11; sense of duty, 11, 17, 68, 104, 106; grandchildren of, 11, 42, 106, 111, 123, 147, 167, 193–94n1; and building of Val-Kill Stone Cottage, 12, 33, 35, 36, 193n1; religious life of, 13–14, 68–69, 196n1; education of, 14, 20, 31; friends among faculty women at Vassar College, 14, 72–73, 83; and Louis Howe’s advice on public speaking, 15; on women’s suffrage, 16, 17; political knack of, 16–17; dark moods of, 16, 19, 57, 152; as chair of legislative committee of New York City League of Women Voters, 17; as Red Cross volunteer during World War I, 17; ambition of, 20, 28, 121–22, 154; FDR’s correspondence with, 21, 39, 54, 59–60, 61, 66, 123; autobiographies of, 25, 48, 118; political organizing and activism of, 28–30, 31, 48, 67, 104, 126, 129, 132, 154;
arrest at protest strike, 31; and FDR’s political career, 31, 32; and birthday celebrations, 56; and New York governor’s mansion, 58, 73, 75, 85, 130, 157; as occasional smoker, 62; as introvert, 68; “My Day” column of, 71, 117, 128, 129–30, 132, 136, 141, 170; personal charisma of, 73; friends among faculty women at Cornell University, 73–76; with Esther Lape in Washington, D.C., for congressional hearing for Bok Peace Prize, 79–80, 95; wardrobe of, 80–81, 143; early anti-Semitism of, 83, 84; with NC and MD, ready for camping, 88; with NC, MD, and Peggy Levenson during camping trip, 89; with NC and MD en route to Campobello, 89; with NC and MD at Campobello, 90; on deck of Regina with MD and sons John and Franklin Jr., 91; with Anna Roosevelt in Val-Kill snow, 93; in New York City Democratic Women office with NC, MD, and Caroline O’Day, 94; at Val-Kill swimming pool with FDR, Missy LeHand, and Earl Miller, 94; with NC at Nan’s drawing board at Val-Kill Industries, 96; with NC at National Recovery Administration poster at Val-Kill Industries, 96; as teacher at Todhunter School, 97, 104, 120, 121, 122–24; with grandchild Ellie on their way to Todhunter School, 98, 123; with Cuff Links Gang celebration FDR’s birthday, 100; square dancing at Arthurdale, 100, 139, 140; with NC and FDR’s advisers at Val-Kill picnic, 101; visiting NC at St. Joseph’s Manor, 102, 172, 173; “Ethics of Parents” essay, 103, 197n1; It’s Up to the Women, 103–4, 105, 197n1; earned income of, 104–5, 118, 132, 163; and European tour with younger boys, 109, 110–11; self-confidence of, 125–26; public scrutiny of, 126, 130, 138–39, 151; official correspondence as First Lady, 132, 141, 163, 164; United Nations work of, 171; health of, 172–73, 174; death of, 173, 174–75, 178. See also Val-Kill Stone Cottage, Hyde Park; White House; and specific friends
Roosevelt, Elliott (ER’s father), 103, 165
Roosevelt, Elliott (ER’s son), 50, 55, 67, 105–6, 166–67, 170, 174, 178
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: relationship with sons, 1, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41, 108, 109; Val-Kill cottage suggested by, 1–2, 35, 47; presidential ambitions of, 2, 3, 4, 8; on “Three Graces,” 2–3, 54–55, 64; marriage to ER, 2, 7–10, 18–19, 30, 31, 39, 57, 58, 59–60, 65, 69, 72, 85, 141, 152, 157, 163–64; polio’s effects on, 2, 10, 12, 19, 28, 30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 47, 53, 59, 66, 129; privacy of, 7; birth of, 7, 39; early relationship with ER, 7, 42; relationship with mother, 7–9, 10, 30, 35, 38, 47, 56–57, 105, 165; as assistant secretary of the navy, 9, 17; relationship with Lucy Mercer, 9–10, 18–19, 39, 64, 166; driving with hand controls, 12, 47; and St. James Episcopal Church, 13; political campaign of 1920 for vice president, 15, 126; on women’s suffrage, 16; on ER’s political knack, 16–17; despondency of, 19; ER’s correspondence with, 21, 39, 54, 59–60, 61, 66, 123; meeting MD and NC at Springwood, 21–22, 25; and Al Smith, 25, 30, 31; MD’s friendship with, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33–35, 47, 48–50, 54, 61, 104, 109–10, 126, 129, 132–33, 146, 155, 158, 160, 168; and New York Democratic women’s political efforts, 28; “Happy Warrior” speech of, 30; Caroline O’Day’s relationship with, 30; NC’s friendship with, 30, 31, 32, 33–34, 35, 48–49, 52, 104, 126, 129, 132–33, 146, 168; as New York governor, 30, 58, 63, 72, 73, 76, 104, 109, 110, 122, 126; New York governor campaign, 31, 58; moving with arms, 34, 53; Top Cottage of, 46, 66, 143, 166; naval print collection of, 63; as president of U.S., 72, 77, 103, 115, 116, 123, 125, 126, 127–29, 132–35, 136, 141–42, 163–64, 166, 200n1; at Val-Kill swimming pool with ER, Missy LeHand, and Earl Miller, 94; Cuff Links Gang celebrating birthday of, 100, 126, 165; on parenting, 106; on Val-Kill Industries, 119; on settlement houses, 137; death of, 166, 170; funeral preparations for burial of, 167
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, Jr. (ER’s infant son), 14, 19, 68–69
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, Jr. “Brud” (ER’s son): at Val-Kill, 33, 34, 35, 48, 49, 53; and Campobello vacations, 36–37, 39–42, 46, 76, 82, 91; relationship with MD and NC, 37, 107–8, 110; education of, 55; on deck of Regina with MD, ER, and John Roosevelt, 91; marriage and divorce of, 105; European tour of, 109, 110–11; and World War II, 170
Roosevelt, Hall (ER’s brother), 10, 39, 141, 155–56, 165
Roosevelt, Haven, 111
Roosevelt, Henry, 39–42, 46, 91
Roosevelt, James (FDR’s father), 1, 6–7, 13–14, 36
Roosevelt, James “Jimmy” (ER’s son), 30, 50, 55, 105–6, 170, 174
Roosevelt, James “Rosy” (FDR’s step-brother), 6–7
Roosevelt, John (ER’s son): birth of, 17; at Val-Kill, 33, 34, 35, 48, 49, 53; and Campobello vacations, 36–37, 39–42, 46, 76, 82, 91; relationship with MD and NC, 37, 107–8, 110; education of, 55; on deck of Regina with MD, ER, and Franklin Jr., 91; marriage and divorce of, 105; children of, 106, 111; European tour of, 109, 110–11; living at Val-Kill Stone Cottage, 167; and World War II, 170
Roosevelt, Rebecca, 6–7, 14
Roosevelt, Sara Delano: as mistress of Springwood, 1, 5, 7, 8–9, 47, 58, 62, 65–66, 71, 82, 83, 141, 143, 165; ER’s relationship with, 2, 7–8, 9, 10, 15, 19, 20, 21–22, 38, 52, 56–57, 65–66, 105, 109, 110, 141, 151, 165; Hyde Park library founded by, 5; and social class, 5, 22, 63, 67, 82; marriage of, 7; FDR’s relationship with, 7–9, 10, 30, 35, 38, 47, 56–57, 105, 165; relationship with grandchildren, 8, 9, 82, 105, 106, 108; New York City townhouse of, 9, 31–32; on ER’s and FDR’s marriage, 10, 57, 141; and St. James Episcopal Church, 13, 14; and Val-Kill Stone Cottage, 53, 65–66; MD’s relationship with, 109; order for Val-Kill Industries furniture, 117; royal family members of England as guests of, 143; death of, 165
Roosevelt, Theodore, 8, 9, 11, 16, 127
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 29
Roosevelt family: and Hudson River Valley, 1, 4, 6–7, 10, 11–12; and St. James Episcopal Church, 12–14; MD’s and NC’s role in, 21, 37, 67, 104, 106–10, 126, 132–34, 147, 167, 168; Hyde Park branch of, 29; Oyster Bay branch of, 29, 31; and Joseph Lash, 134–35
Roosevelt International Bridge, 38
Rose, Flora, 73–76
Rosenberg, Anna, 159–61
Rumsey, Mary Harriman, 158
Rutherfurd, Lucy Mercer, 9–10, 18–19, 39, 64, 166
Rutherfurd, Winthrop, 19, 166
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 177
St. James Episcopal Church, Hyde Park, 12–14, 68–69, 175, 196n1
Scheider, Frank, 134
Schneiderman, Rose, 62, 81–82, 108–9
Schwartz, Morris, 114
Scott’s Run, West Virginia, 136–37
Seagraves, Eleanor Roosevelt “Ellie” “Sistie” (ER’s grandchild), 42, 98, 106, 123, 147, 175
Secret Service, 129
Seeley, Fred, 116
Selassie, Haile, 177
Settlement houses: ER’s volunteer work in, 20, 137; Elinor Morgenthau’s work in, 83
Seward, William H., 22
Shoumatoff, Elizabeth, 166
Singing Teapot, 29–30
Skinner, Cornelia Otis, 128
Smith, Al, 25, 29–31, 58
Smith, Catherine Anne Dunn, 58
Smith, Emily, 29
Smith, Moses, 34, 71, 166
Smith College, 79
Social class: Sara Delano Roosevelt’s attitude toward, 5, 22, 63, 67, 82; ER’s attitude toward, 67, 81–82, 107, 125, 140; and MD and NC, 76–77
Souvestre, Marie, 14, 20, 80, 85–86, 123
Springwood, Hyde Park: Sara Delano Roosevelt as mistress of, 1, 5, 7, 8–9, 47, 58, 62, 65–66, 71, 82, 83, 141, 143, 165; MD as guest of ER at, 1–2, 21–22, 32, 33–35, 142; NC as guest of ER at, 1–2, 21–22, 32, 33–35, 142; rose garden of, 6, 71, 167, 175; ER and FDR’s honeymoon at, 8, 9; additions to, 8–9; ER and FDR’s family life at, 9, 10; ER’s separate bedroom at, 10; modification for FDR’s wheelchair, 10; Val-Kill Stone Cottage compared to, 12, 61, 68, 196n2; photograph in snow, 1920s, 93; FDR working as president from, 141, 160, 164, 200n1; royal guests from Europe visiting, 143; ER turning over to U.S., 167
Stevenson, Adlai, 175, 177
Stone Cottage. See Val-Kill Stone Cottage, Hyde Park
Street, Jacob Richard, 26
Suckley, Margaret “Daisy,” 66, 166
Suffrage movement: women’s involvement in, 17; MD’s involvement in, 23, 27; NC’s involvement in, 23, 27
Swartz, Maud, 62, 81–82, 108
Sweet, Thaddeus, 24–25
Syracuse University, 23, 24, 26
Teapot Dome oil scandals, 29
Thompson, Malvina “Tommy”: and ER’s visits to Esther Lape and Elizabeth Read, 78, 80; in White House, 130, 152; and travel with ER, 132, 141, 150; and ER’s role in presidential picnics, 133–34; apartment at Val-Kill Shop Cottage, 142; relationship with MD and NC, 146, 150, 163; on MD’s travel with presidential commission, 148; and ER’s correspondence, 162–63, 171, 172, 177
Time magazine, 146
Todhunter, Winifred, 120–21
Todhunter School: MD as teacher and director at, 25, 62, 105, 120–23, 124, 130, 132, 138, 159, 164; ER as teacher at, 97, 104, 120, 121, 122–24; students at Val-Kill pond, 99; ER’s, MD’s, and NC’s partnership in, 120, 121–22, 146, 154, 163; ER’s tours of White House for faculty and students, 123, 132, 165; faculty and students invited to FDR’s inauguration, 130; ER’s withdrawal from, 146, 153–54, 163
Toombs, Henry, 46, 48–49, 59
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire (1911), 81–82
Truman, Bess, 175
Truman, Harry, 171, 175
Tully, Grace, 166
United Nations: Eleanor Roosevelt Memorial Bench (1966), 102, 176–77; ER’s work with, 171
U.S. Marine Band, 128
Val-Kill estate, Hyde Park: and FDR’s purchase of Bennett Farm, 11–12, 47; and Moses Smith, 34, 71, 166
Val-Kill Industries: furniture made at, 77, 95, 113, 114–18, 132; ER and NC at Nan’s drawing board at, 96; NC and ER with National Recovery Administration poster at, 96; NC finishing furniture at, 97; NC as manager of, 104, 105, 113, 114–19, 121, 137, 138, 139, 140, 145, 146, 150, 157–58, 163, 198n4; NC, MD, and ER founding of, 104, 119, 145–46, 154; and Caroline O’Day, 113; local jobs created by, 113, 115, 119, 140; ER assuming construction costs, 114; and ER’s disagreement with NC, 115; ER’s decision to close shop, 115, 119, 145; and forge, 116; and weaving enterprise, 116, 145; and Arthurdale, 137, 139; ER receiving credit for business, 145; ER’s decision to withdraw from, 145–46; ER dissolving partnership in, 162–63