258 “I cannot make myself realize that Beulah has given”: Washington Post, July 13, 1924.
258 She mused publicly that Al’s willingness to endure: “ ‘Chair Too Good for Them,’ Says ‘Gentle Sex’ Which Is Ready to Save State’s Time,” New York Telegram, Apr. 20, 1927.
258 Ten years after Beulah left him, Al, now: “Dead Woman Linked with Stoll Kidnap,” Brownsville (TX) Herald, Oct. 10, 1934.
258 The judge granted a request for a new trial: “Annan Goes Free in Party Slaying of Woman Guest,” CDT, Dec. 29, 1934.
258 After moving into a luxurious: “Husband Sues Belva Gaertner, Freed in Murder,” CDT, Aug. 1, 1926; Case S-443652 (Gaertner v. Gaertner, 1926).
259 This cowardice apparently infuriated Belva: “The Matrimonial Worm That Turned at Last,” San Antonio Light, Jan. 9, 1927.
259 Another paper referred to her as: “Why the ‘Cave-girl’ Wants a Third Divorce from Hubby,” Fresno Bee, Sept. 19, 1926.
259 She traveled to New York, Europe, and Cuba: Ship manifests, ancestry.com.
259 When William Gaertner died in 1948: “Business Left to Chicago U.,” NYT, Dec. 15, 1948; Belva E. Gaertner probate notice, Pasadena Star-News, May 26, 1965.
259 Katherine Malm was a model prisoner: “Kitty Malm, ‘Tiger Girl’ of Sensational Murder Case, Is Dead,” CDT, Dec. 28, 1932.
259 “Each time,” the reporter recalled: “Dear Mrs. Griggs,” a reprint of a five-part series that appeared in the Milwaukee Journal in March 1980, Ione Quinby Papers, Western Springs Historical Society.
259 Kitty tried to win early release in 1930: Joliet Penitentiary Record for Katherine Baluk (no. 418-9185), Illinois State Archives, Margaret Cross Norton Building, Springfield, Illinois.
259 In response, Quinby began to agitate: “May Free Convict,” Charleston (SC) Gazette, July 19, 1931.
260 Elsie Walther, a prisoner advocate working for: “Ex-‘Tiger Girl,’ Kitty Malm, to Ask for Parole,” CDT, Oct. 10, 1932.
260 In 1931, he was involved in riots: “Fear New Riots at Joliet; Tell Guards to Shoot,” CDT, Mar. 25, 1931.
260 She soon began an advice column: “Angel of the Green Sheet,” Coronet, Sept. 1953; “Mrs.Griggs,” Mar., 1980.
260 “Whenever we had a tour come through”: Author interview with Jackie Loohauis-Bennet, May 8, 2008.
261 Convinced she was failing: “Informally: Feminine Fallacies in Newspaper Work,” CDT, July 17, 1927; Steiner and Gray, 14.
261 The following year, in 1926, O’Brien: “Noted Lawyer Shot in Chicago Gang War; 2 Killed, 3 Wounded,” NYT, Oct. 10, 1926.
261 “You better lay down, Willie”: ISA: O’Brien, 33.
261 O’Brien, wounded in the stomach: “Chicago Police War upon Bandits,” NYT, Oct. 14, 1926.
262 O’Brien would win the Saltis case: ISA: O’Brien, 33.
262 He had begun drinking heavily: Case B-121999 (O’Brien, William and Zoe, 1925).
262 Four years later, he was disbarred: ISA: O’Brien, 30-40.
262 In 1939, in an attempt to regain: ISA: O’Brien, 27-29.
262 In 1944, facing new legal troubles: “William W. O’Brien Disbarred 2d Time; Five Others Banned,” CDT, May 13, 1944.
262 In 1929, he was sentenced to three months: “Scott Stewart Ordered to Jail by High Court,” CDT, Dec. 21, 1929.
262 Two years later, he beat back: McConnell, 136.
262 Stewart defended gangsters through much of the 1930s: “William Scott Stewart Dies Broke, Alone,” CDT, Mar. 20, 1964.
262 On June 16, 1924, Sabella Nitti was released: “Mrs. Crudelle, Back on Nitti Farm, Rejoices,” CDT, June 17, 1924; “Drop Charge of Murder Against Two Crudelles,” CDT, Dec. 2, 1924.
263 “ ‘The woman in law’—and straig htaway”: “The Woman in Law,” Viewpoints magazine, Nov. 1924, series 3, folder 72, Helen Cirese Papers, Special Collections, University of Illinois at Chicago.
263 In the three years after Chicago made: “Theater,” CDT, Dec. 6, 1927; “News and Gossip of the Times Square Sector,” NYT, Aug. 25, 1929, Sept. 17, 1929; Woollcott.
263 In 1981, seeking to revive interest: “How a 1936 Screwball Comedy Illuminates Movie History,” NYT, Feb. 1, 1981.
264 Maurine Watkins died of lung cancer: Letter from Fred J. Thompson to Mr. J. E. Smith, Oct. 9, 1969, William Roy Smith: Vice President of Abilene Christian College, 1940-1962 (MS9), Milliken Special Collections, Abilene Christian University Library.
265 Abend, who died in 2003, claimed: “Murder She Wrote,” CDT, July 16, 1997.
265 “She didn’t want to accept a dime”: CDT, July 16, 1997; also see “Pssstttt! ‘Chicago’ Has a Secret Past,” USA Today, Mar. 25, 2003.
265 Journalists and theater scholars recycled: Grubb, 193; Pauly, xiii.
265 University of Delaware professor: Pauly, xiii, xxix.
265 In a 1959 letter to an administrator: Letter from Maurine Watkins to W. R. Smith, Dec. 7, 1959, William Roy Smith: Vice President of Abilene Christian College, 1940-1962 (MS9), Milliken Special Collections, Abilene Christian University Library.
266 A 1935 stage revival in London: “London Dislikes Watkins Play,” NYT, Mar. 14, 1935.
266 Bob Fosse had no desire to stage: Grubb, 201-3.
266 Fosse told his stars that, though Roxie and Velma: Ibid.
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Index
Abbott, George
Abend, Sheldon
Adams, Samuel Hopkins
Ahern, Michael
Allen, Albert
American Mercury
American Play Company
Annan, Albert
Beulah’s divorce from
and Beulah’s shooting of Kalstedt
at Beulah’s trial
manslaughter conviction of
Annan, Beulah
acquittal of
Al’s divorce from
beauty of
“Butterfly Goes Home” based on
Chicago based on
confessions of
at courthouse
death of
entertainment career desired by
first marriage of
Gaertner and
Harlib’s marriage to
at inquest
in jail
Kalstedt shot by
Nitti and
photograph of
police and
pregnancy of
press and
son of
testimony of
trial of
tuberculosis of
Unkafer case and
Watkins and
Archer, John
Asbury, Herbert
Atkinson, Brooks
Atlanta Constitution
Baker, George Pierce
Baluk, Max
Beck, Edward “Teddy”
Beith, Hay
Bell, Nelson B.
Bergman, Betty
birth control
Book About Myself, A (Dreiser)
bootleggers
Brown, Bert “Curley”
Browning, Edward W.
Browning, Frances
Bulliet. J.
Burton, Ernest DeWitt
Butcher, Fanny
“Butterfly Goes Home” (Watkins)
Cain, James M.
Canby, Vincent
Capone, Al
Capone family
Capron, Victor
Captive, The
Cause and Cure of Crime, The (Henderson)
Caverly, John R.
Chicago (musical)
Chicago (1926 play)
Annan as inspiration for
in Chicago
Gaertner and
Malm and
Nitti and
reviews of
Watkins’s interviews and
Chicago (1927 film)
Chicago (2002 film)
Chicago.
bohemians in
bootlegging in
Chicago in
corruption in
entertainment districts in
female criminals in
gangsters in
Grand Boulevard
Hyde Park
map of
philosophy of life in
race riots in
smoke in
Watkins’s move to
Chicago American
Annan and
Chicago and
Franks (Leopold and Loeb) case and
Gaertner and
Malm and
Nitti and
Stopa and
Chicago Crime Commission
Chicago Daily Journal
Annan and
Gaertner and
Chicago Daily News
Annan and
Chicago and
Gaertner and
Malm and
Chicago Evening Post
Annan and
Chicago and
folding of
Gaertner and
Malm and
Nitti and
Stopa and
Chicago Herald and Examiner
Chicago and
Franks case and
Gaertner and
race riots and
Chicago Record-Herald
Chicago Tribune