mugwumps, 126
Murphy, Charlie, 58–59
Murray, Joe, 22, 34
“My Heart Attack Taught Me How to Live” (L. B. Johnson), 200
National Guard, mobilization of, 333
National Guard Armory, Whitney, Tex., LBJ’s speech at, 201
national parks, 355
National Youth Administration (NYA), 83–88, 182, 191, 302, 329, 349
Navy, U.S.:
assistant secretaries of, 55, 59–64, 66, 132, 143–48, 162, 180
FDR’s vision for expansion and preparedness of, 60–64
LBJ’s service in, 190
TR’s vision for readiness of, 143–48
Navy Department, 61–64, 132, 164, 223
Neff, Pat, 68–69
Neustadt, Richard, 42
New Deal, xvii, 67, 88, 90, 164, 191, 200–202, 309, 326, 327, 356
evaluation of programs of, 300–301
innovative programs of, 83, 91–94, 273–305
new agencies of, 294–99, 301–4
permanent and ongoing programs of, 302, 303–4
seeds of, 180
New England:
abolitionist sentiment in, 231–32
coal dependency in, 245, 250, 255
TR’s speaking tour of, 255–56
New Frontier, 309–10
New Salem, Ill., 9–14, 18, 33, 100–101, 108, 183
New York, 18, 93, 119, 142, 165, 227, 235, 246
comprehensive relief program in, 178–79
FDR as governor of, 166, 174–80, 282
TR as governor of, 55, 153–58
New York, N.Y., 22, 35, 36, 52, 54, 93, 111, 120, 131, 132, 166, 267, 361
police department reform in, 136–44
political machine in, 22–23, 34–35
TR’s sweeping reforms in, 36, 131–43
New York Presbyterian Hospital, 161–62
New York State Assembly:
FDR’s ambition for, 40–43, 55, 56
TR in, 22–24, 34–38, 55, 125–26
New York State Senate, FDR in, 55–59
New York Stock Exchange, 276, 303
Nichols, Dorothy, 192
Nicolay, John, 227, 251–52
North:
abolitionism in, 17, 103–4, 111, 213, 231–32
civil rights sentiment in, 204
Northern Securities, 253–54
O’Brien, Larry, 315
O’Daniel, Lee “Pappy,” 184, 186
Oglesby, Richard, 366
O’Gorman, James Aloysius, 59
Oltorf, Posh, 198
O’Mahoney, Joseph, 204
opportunity, readiness for seizing of, xvi–xvii, 9–12, 22, 41, 55, 87, 135–36, 158, 174, 183, 195, 274, 306–8, 310, 327–28
optimism, 30, 45, 49, 63, 162–63, 172–73, 277–78
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 306
Oyster Bay, L.I., 51, 131, 145, 250
Parker, Andrew, 136
Patman, Wright, 70
Payn, Lou, 157
Payne, Henry, 259, 270
Peabody, Endicott, 47, 50
Pendergast, Tom, 171
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, 134
Pennsylvania, 220, 227, 236
miners strike in, 243–72
Pennsylvania State Guard, 265
Perkins, Edward, 40–41, 56
Perkins, Frances, 47, 58–59, 168, 170, 172–76, 273, 282–83, 289–90, 293, 294, 295, 300–301, 304, 358–62
Petersburg, battle of, 238
Phillips, Wendell, 104
Phipps, John, 192
Platt, Orville, 257
Platt, Thomas, 153–58
police department reform, 136–44
polio (poliomyelitis):
as agent of growth for FDR, 160–81, 187–88, 276, 277, 280
ameliorating effect of warm water on, 167, 171–74
FDR’s convalescence from, 163–69
FDR’s political career temporarily derailed by, 162–74, 181
FDR’s projection of positivity in, 162–63, 168, 169, 358
FDR’s three-person team in convalescence from, 164–69
FDR stricken with, xiv, 160–62, 187–88
network of “fellow polios” of, 164, 171–74, 183, 274
physical recovery regime for, 163–64
physical vulnerability after, 169–71
walking as FDR’s goal in, 162, 166–71, 174, 181, 277, 281
political machine:
in Boston politics, 52
business realm and, 244
in N.Y. politics, 22–23, 34–35, 40–43, 56–59, 64, 136–37, 141, 153–58, 235
reformers vs., 29, 34–35, 126, 134, 244
in Texas politics, 185–86
merit vs., 134–35, 138
Polk, James K., 102–3, 105
poll tax, 202
popular sovereignty, 111, 122
poverty:
of AL’s family, xiv, 4–6, 22
in Depression era, 273
LBJ’s war on, 327, 332, 336
in tenements and slums, 38, 54, 137, 244
power:
behind apparent softness, 155–57
LBJ’s manipulation of, 79–81, 189, 193–200, 308, 328–29
leadership and, xiv, 79–81
networking and, 74–75, 189
presidential, 215–19, 247–49, 257, 259, 265–67, 271–72, 279, 285–86, 329
purpose and, 200, 335
in subordinancy, 143–48
TR on, 136, 265–67, 271–72
Wash., D.C. as seat of, 79–80
President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, 206
press:
Coal Strike negotiation covered in, 262–63, 269–70
Emancipation Proclamation published in, 222
FDR’s relationship with, 171, 287–89, 358, 359
LBJ’s relationship with, 198, 202, 205
New Deal coverage by, 300
as scapegoat, 342
TR’s relationship with, 135, 138–39, 145, 146, 153, 270, 288
war-mongering in, 146–47
women journalists in, 289
Wright Report released to, 254, 271
“Program with a Heart” speech, 202
progressive reform:
Eleanor Roosevelt’s involvement in, 165–66, 168
of FDR, see turnaround leadership
LBJ’s agenda for, 201–2
TR’s leadership defined by, xviii, 244–45, 272, 292
public opinion:
as agent of change, 136
critical, 141–42
encouraging and supportive, 280
in evaluation of New Deal projects, 300–301
pressure of, 256, 260, 263, 265, 270
timing and, 233–34
Public Works Administration (PWA), 297, 302
Putnam, Herbert, 264
Quay, Matthew, 259, 266–67, 2370
quorum calls, 322–23
radio:
FDR’s use of, 179, 289–93
first national convention broadcast on, 169
Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail (T. Roosevelt), 127
Randolph, A. Philip, 319
Rather, Mary, 87, 201
Rauh, Joe, 319
Rayburn, Sam, 83, 88, 90, 189, 194, 329
Raymond, Henry, 238–39
Reconstruction, 333, 364
Reedy, George, 194, 197, 199, 201–2
Reilly, Mike, 362
Republican National Conventions, 121, 126, 322
Republican Party, 36, 41, 65, 66, 132, 135, 136, 141, 143, 153, 156–58, 178–79, 180, 203, 282, 286, 287, 319, 323, 338, 353, 360
conservative, 194, 219, 227, 355
new, 117–20, 122, 212, 230, 234
post–Civil War corruption in, 126
progressive-conservative split in, 58, 354, 357
resilience:
decisiveness and, 234
depletion of, 343
&nb
sp; failure and, 12–14, 118, 123, 213–16, 262, 264–65, 271, 301–2
after loss, 30, 187–88
sustained ambition and, xv, 97–98, 241, 280–81, 362
through work, 125–26, 128
respite, 81, 215, 220, 236, 250, 263–64
“return to normalcy” slogan, 65
Rice, Cecil Spring, 154
Riis, Jacob, 35, 36, 38, 135, 137, 140–41, 158, 248
robber barons, 36
Roberts, Ray, 85, 86
Robinson, James, 232
Roosevelt, Alice “Baby Lee,” 38, 124, 128, 130–31, 352
Roosevelt, Alice Hathaway Lee:
death of, 124–25, 131–33
TR’s courtship of and marriage to, 30, 38, 82, 131
Roosevelt, Anna, 53, 357
Roosevelt, Bamie, 26, 125–28, 135, 142, 145, 270
Roosevelt, Corinne, 24–26, 131, 356
Roosevelt, Cornelius, 251
Roosevelt, Edith Carow, 131, 147–48, 355, 356
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 48, 57, 60, 66, 67, 161, 171, 278, 281, 287, 360, 361–62
early adversity of, 53–54
FDR’s courtship of and marriage to, 53–55
political and personal evolution of, 163–69, 175–76
political observations and input of, 300–301
press conference of, 289
social consciousness of, 54, 165–68
Roosevelt, Elliott, 25–27, 53, 55
Roosevelt, Franklin:
adaptability of, 45, 48, 174–75, 181, 301–4
adversity as agent of growth for, 76, 160–81, 274, 280
ambition of, 50, 55, 60, 162
appearance and personal style of, 40, 280, 357, 358, 362
collections of, 46–48, 81, 363
communication skills of, xviii, 289–93, 301, 305
courage of, 170–71, 174
death of, 66, 191, 345, 362–63
debating skills of, 49
decisiveness of, 52–53, 281
determination of, 51, 162–64, 166–71, 174, 201
early adversity of, xv, 45–46, 49, 50–51, 162, 181, 187
education of, 40, 47–53, 94
emotional masking and concealment of, 40, 45, 49, 50–51, 53, 162–63, 168, 280, 358–59
energy and enthusiasm of, 65–66
entrepreneurial flair of, 172–73
gregarious and genial nature of, 40–42, 47, 52, 58, 61, 63, 172, 174–76, 184, 280, 288–89, 299, 358, 362
heart disease of, 357
infidelity of, 165
intellectual prowess of, 46–48, 50, 60–61
law career of, 40–41, 55, 60
LBJ influenced by, xvii–xix, 88, 90, 94, 183–84, 186–88, 191, 205, 312, 318, 326, 328, 341, 349
legacy of, xvii, 345, 357–63
as loved and pampered child, 41, 43–47
marriage of Eleanor and, 53–55, 165, 167–68
optimism of, 45, 49, 52, 63, 71, 162–63, 168, 172–73, 280, 358
personal leadership attributes of, 41, 43, 52–53, 61, 91–92, 164, 305, 363
physical prowess of, 160–61
polio and paralysis of, see polio
privilege and wealth of, xiv, 40–41, 43–48, 50, 54, 58, 65
resilience of, 44, 49, 181, 188, 280–81, 362
roots of ambition and the recognition of leadership in, 39–67
sense of humor of, 52, 169, 288
speaking style of, 42, 57, 66, 170–71, 178–79, 278
storytelling skills of, 92, 179
travel abroad of, 47, 52
youth of, 40–41, 43–55, 71, 181
Roosevelt, Franklin, political career, 88
AL’s influence on, 368
as assistant secretary of the navy, 59–64, 66, 162, 164, 180
derailed by polio, 162–74, 181
failings and mistakes of, 66
first campaign of, 56–58
as governor of N.Y., 166, 174–80, 282
Hoover’s Depression policy compared to, 180–81
innovative experimentation of, 46–57, 61–64, 164, 166–67, 178, 181, 287
maiden speech of, 42
national recognition for, 66
onset of, 40–43, 55–67
political style of, 42–43, 56–57, 91–92
post-convalescence return to, 169–71, 174–81, 201, 281, 356
progressive agenda of, 58–59
rift between Smith and, 175
as subordinate, 60–61, 64
team building in, 66–67, 164–69, 175–77
TR’s career as model for, 55–56, 60, 162, 356
as vice presidential nominee, 65–67, 183
Roosevelt, Franklin, presidency:
agricultural recovery plan of, 301
cabinet of, 279–84
court packing in, 88, 194
death of, 66, 191, 345, 362–63
declining health in last year of, 357–63
defining leadership issues of, see Great Depression; Hundred Days
domestic recovery policies of, see New Deal
elements of FDR’s leadership style in, 294–95
FDR’s first run and victory for, 179–81
financial recovery plan of, 280, 283–93, 302–4
first bill of, 287
fourth term of, 359–63
Hundred Days accomplishments of, 273–305
inauguration and Day One of, 274, 276–80, 292
information dissemination in, 289–91, 330
LBJ’s meetings with, 90–93
1936 victory of, 327
onset of, 43, 50, 181, 274
team assembled by, 66
turnaround leadership in, 273–305
unemployment programs of, 294–97
WWII leadership of, xvii, 46, 48, 63, 188, 304–5, 345, 359–63
Roosevelt, Franklin, turnaround leadership, 273–305
addressing systemic problems for lasting reform, 291–93
being ready to change course, 301–4
bringing stakeholders aboard, 283–84
creating a gathering pause, 282
determining and revealing expectations, 279–80
drawing a demarcation line, 276–77
forging a team for action and change, 281–82
infusing sense of shared purpose, 278–79
leading by example, 280–81
opening channels of unfiltered information, 300–301
remaining open and flexible to experimentation, 293–96
restoring confidence and morale, 277–78
setting and maintaining press ground rules, 287–89
setting and meeting a deadline, 284–87
stimulating competition, debate, and creativity, 296
telling the story to the public, 289–91
Roosevelt, James, 165, 166, 170
Roosevelt, James “Mr. James”:
death of, 53, 181
as devoted father, 41, 43–47, 50, 60, 150, 167, 172
precarious health of, 40, 47, 50–51, 162, 181, 358
Roosevelt, Martha Bulloch “Mittie,” 26–27, 149
death of, 124–25, 131–32
Roosevelt, Quentin, 356
Roosevelt, Sara, 40, 43–53, 60, 66, 167, 358
Roosevelt, Theodore, 53, 59
adventurous and restless spirit of, 45, 352–55
adversity as agent of growth for, 124–58, 164
ambition of, 127, 131–33, 158, 346
appearance and personal style of, 33–34
boundless energy of, 28–33, 35–36, 40, 125–26, 128, 144, 148, 158, 244, 248, 255, 257, 352, 353–56
bravado of, 256–57
conciliation strategy of, 155–57
death of, 357
deaths of mother and wife of, xv, 124–25, 131–32, 187
debate eschewed by, 33, 49
decisiveness of, 128
depression of, 124–28, 142, 1
58, 187–88, 355–56
developing sense of empathy in, 38
drive and determination of, 24, 26–31, 36
early adversity faced by, xv, 24, 27, 29–31, 38, 130, 187
fatalism of, 125, 132, 154, 158–59
FDR influenced by, xviii, 42, 51, 55, 60, 288, 356
first marriage of, 30–31
intellectual prowess of, 24–25, 27, 29, 46
legacy of, xvii, 352–57
marriages of, see Roosevelt, Alice Hathaway Lee; Roosevelt, Edith Carow
personal leadership attributes of, 4, 29–40, 133, 148–51, 154, 196
physical transformation of, 24, 27–31, 188
populist sentiment of, 33–34
precarious health of, 24, 26–27, 29, 31, 129, 354, 356
privilege and wealth of, xiv, 22–23, 25–27, 31–33, 37–38
reformist sentiment of, 29, 33–36, 54, 58, 126, 133–35
resilience and optimism of, 30, 188
roots of ambition and the recognition of leadership in, 21–38, 39–40
self-confidence of, 29, 31, 129, 149, 154
Spanish-American War service of, 148–54, 251
storytelling skills of, 26, 32, 51, 72
stress relief for, 263–64
Thee’s influence on, 24, 25, 27–30, 148–49
travels abroad of, 26–27, 47
war and combat romanticized by, 355–56
writings of, 127, 144, 356
youth of, 21–29, 45
Roosevelt, Theodore, crisis management, 243–72
assembling a crisis management team, 258–60
calculating risks, 247–48
controlling the message, 262–63
controlling temper, 261–62
cultivating support through visibility, 253–355
documenting proceedings, 262, 268
framing the narrative, 260–61
handling reversals and intrusions, 252–53
hitting hard when necessary, 266–67
leaving a record for the future, 271–72
preparing multiple strategies, 264–66
reevaluating options, 253–55
relieving stress, 263–64
remaining initially uncommitted, 249–50
saving face, 268–70
securing understanding of the situation, 249–50
sharing credit for success, 270–71
single-mindedly focusing on the crisis, 256–58
speaking style of, 255, 354
using history to provide perspective, 250–52
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 147–48
Roosevelt, Theodore, political career:
aggressive management style of, 134–36, 248
assassination attempt on, 354
as assistant secretary of the navy, 55, 132, 243–48
“big stick” policy of, 267
on Civil Service Commission, 132–35, 142
as governor of N.Y., 55, 153–58
hands-on style of, 138–39, 144, 244, 248, 259–63
hiatus in, 127–32
loss of perspective in, 36–37