and Jeannes, 257
arrests and interrogates Princess de Croÿ, 258, 287
and EC’s demeanor in prison, 268
brings case against EC, 270, 272, 278, 291
von der Lancken consults, 275
as witness at EC’s trial, 283, 289–90
awarded Iron Cross, 373
Berkendael Surgical Institute, Brussels, 96, 101, 122, 152
Berridge, Emma, 76, 80
Bethmann, Moritz von, 27
Beyns, Henri, 259–60
Bissing, General Baron Moritz von: appointed Governor General, 181–2, 223
disparages Kraewel, 222, 236
prohibits Independence Day celebrations, 231–2, 234
mocked in La Libre Belgique, 234
and Whitlock’s letter to Lancken, 273
appeal for EC from nurses, 279
absence before EC’s execution, 280, 352
severity, 302
posts notice on Belgian spy ring, 334
bewilderment at reaction to EC shooting, 351
death, 371
Blanc, Mme. de, 266–7
Blewitt family (of Swardeston), 14
Blewitt, Susannah and Mary, 126
Bockstaele, Pauline van, 237, 326
Bodart, Ada: houses fugitives, 207, 236, 248
Quien deceives, 226
named as suspect, 233, 245
receives letters of thanks from escapees, 257
trial, 283, 285, 289, 292–6
sentenced, 300, 331
sees EC in condemned cell, 318
testifies against Quien at court martial, 368
Bodart, Philippe, 236, 289, 292, 295
Bodichon, Barbara, 43
Boer War, 73–4
Boger, Colonel Dudley, 160–2, 170, 210, 247
Boger, Mrs. Dudley, 179
Böhme, Clara see Stanton, Clara Bonsteels, Father, 226, 369
Booth, Charles: Life and Labor of the People in London, 83
Borchgrave, Count Camille de, 233
Borchgrave, Countess Ruth de, 232–3, 341
Bosnia, 123–4
Bourne, Cardinal Francis Alphonsus, 336
Bowen, Patrick, 230
Braffort, M. (lawyer), 282
Brandon, Amelia, 71
Braun, Alexandre, 282, 286, 290, 294
Braun, Thomas, 272, 276, 279, 282, 297, 352
Brenez, Nurse, 237
Brewster, Lady: faints at Darwin-Huxley debate, 11
Brill, Louis, 369
Britain: and outbreak of Great War, 128–30
Belgium appeals to for support, 130
British Association for the Advancement of Science: 1860 meeting, 10
British Expeditionary Force (1914), 140–1, 156–61, 164–5
Brodie, Sir Benjamin, 11
Bronte, Charlotte, 23; Jane Eyre, 24
Brown, Miss L., 15
Brueck (interpreter), 283, 288, 294, 305–6
Brussels: EC works as governess in, 29–35
EC appointed matron in Belgian School of Nursing, 89–90, 93–110
St. Jean hospital, 106–7
St. Camille hospital, 107
St. Gilles hospital, 108–9, 122, 152
administration of School of Nursing, 119–20, 122
Buyssingham hospital, 122
EC prepares hospitals for war wounded, 136
Germans occupy, 142–4, 263
wartime posters, 147
Ambulance du Palais Royal (hospital), 150–1, 199
hospitals and nursing in wartime, 150–2
conditions in wartime, 152–4, 179
wartime exodus, 155
clandestine newssheets, 175
and escape routes for fleeing soldiers, 204–5
St. Gilles prison, 206, 243, 249–52, 298, 360
under German aerial surveillance, 208
secret police and spies in, 222–3
criminal justice under Germans, 223–4
Independence Day mourning, 231–2
military courts, 263–4
Sauberzweig’s harsh measures in, 278
peace celebrations, 359
School of Nursing renamed École Edith Cavell, 363
Buck, Nurse (of Brussels), 115
Burne, Alice, 26–7
Burnham, Harry Lawson Webster Levy-Lawson, Viscount, 355
Burt, Sister, 173
Bushell, Lieutenant, 167, 169–70
Buss, Frances Mary, 6
Butcher, Miss (of Brussels), 112
Buys, Dr. (of Brussels), 108
Capiau, Herman: advises Boger and Meachin, 161
helps fugitive soldiers, 171, 202, 261–2
visits Essen, 203–4
raises money, 207
expectation of arrest, 224
under German surveillance, 233
EC confesses to bringing fugitive soldiers, 247
in prison, 257
trial with EC, 281–4, 286, 288–9, 293–5, 300
sentenced, 300, 331
Carey, Michael, 172
Carpentier, Mademoiselle, 166 Catwyk (Dutch ship), 203–4
Cavell, Eddy (Edmund’s son): and EC’s dislike of Sundays, 15
and EC’s view of governessing, 33
holidays with EC’s family, 36
letters from EC, 217, 324
Cavell, Edith: birth, 3, 5–6;
Christian upbringing and faith, 6–7, 15–18, 59, 86, 112, 267–8, 321, 324
art and drawing, 13–14, 18, 22, 34–6, 63, 88
childhood, 13–15
home education, 17–18
schooling, 18–19
confirmed into Church of England, 20
as pupil teacher, 20–2
as governess to Powell family, 22–4
travels in Germany (1888), 26–8
remains unmarried, 28
works as day governess, 28–9
takes governess post in Brussels, 29–36
spoken French, 32–3
leaves Brussels, 37
trains as nurse, 42, 45–7, 49–53, 55, 57, 59–63, 69
illness (1896), 61
qualities and manner, 63–4, 84
Eva Lückes’s assessment of, 64, 70–1, 76
in Maidstone typhoid epidemic (1897), 67–8, 373
as private nurse, 70–2
qualifies as staff nurse, 70–1
as Staff Nurse on Mellish War, London Hospital, 72, 74–6
leaves London Hospital for St. Pancras Infirmary, 76, 78
as Night Superintendent at St. Pancras Infirmary, 79–80
appointed Assistant Matron at Shoreditch Infirmary, 83–5
takes holiday break with Eveline Dickinson (1906), 85–8
takes up appointment in Manchester and Salford Institution, 88–9
as Matron of Belgian School of Nursing, Brussels, 89–90, 93–110
writes in Nursing Mirror, 104, 135, 145
reputation and image, 107, 357, 363
writes introductory article for L’Infirmière, 108
discipline and austere living, 110, 112
pet dog (Jack), 110–13, 118, 121, 152, 206, 216, 229, 238, 253, 290
as godmother to Pauline Randall, 112
appearance, 115
commitment to nursing life, 115
belief in sanctity of life, 116
lectures, 116–17
holidays in West Runton, Norfolk, 117–18, 121, 123–5
and building of Belgian School of Nursing, 119–22
returns to Brussels at outbreak of Great War, 129
on wartime conditions in Belgium, 135, 152–3
war preparations in Belgium, 136–8
on German invasion of Belgium, 138–41
on resistance at Liège, 138
and German occupation of Brussels, 143–4
communicates with mother in war, 148–50, 176–80, 183, 199, 218, 227
wartime records destroyed, 150
on
life in wartime Brussels, 152
first helps Boger and Meachin, 161–2
helps escaping Allied soldiers in Belgium, 163, 170–3, 202, 204–10, 212–14, 216, 224, 230, 338
given instructions by Germans, 174
refuses to register with German authorities, 181, 183, 215
celebrates Christmas 1914, 196
diary fragment hidden and found, 201–3
keeps records, 201–2
money-raising for resistance activities, 207
incautious letters to England, 217–18
letters to cousin Eddy, 217, 324
under German suspicion, 221, 228–30, 233
discusses possible arrest, 224
learns of arrests, 236
arrested, 237–8
first interrogation and deposition, 243–9
prison life and conditions, 250–3, 290
second interrogation and deposition, 261–2
letters to Sister Wilkins from prison, 265–6, 270–1
in solitary confinement, 267–8
letter to nurses from prison, 268
last letter to Pauline Randall, 269
letter to Professor Héger, 269
diplomatic attempts at intervention over arrest, 272–7
trial date fixed, 279
trial, 281–5, 288, 291–2, 294–9
death sentence, 300, 308, 331
writes letters after death sentence, 300
informed of sentence, 305–7
Whitlock appeals for pardon, 310–11
letters from condemned cell, 318–20, 323
takes final Communion with Gahan, 321–3
executed by firing squad, 326–7, 332, 334
possessions collected from hospital and inventoried, 336–7
propaganda and publicity following death, 339, 342–7
memorials and monuments, 355–7, 361–5
says “patriotism is not enough,” 356, 364, 373
exhumation, funeral service and reinterment in Norwich Cathedral, 360–1
posthumous awards, 360
ideals and achievements, 373–5
Cavell, Edmund (EC’s great-uncle), 15
Cavell, Edward (EC’s uncle), 9
Cavell, Florence (EC’s sister): pictured as child, 11
birth, 12
home education, 18
trains as nurse, 36
as night superintendent in Hendon hospital, 82
as matron of Withernsea Convalescent Hospital, 115
cares for widowed mother, 126
EC asks about adoption of orphaned Belgian children, 154
letters from EC in wartime Belgium, 176
considers founding retirement home for nurses, 267, 356
Cavell, Revd. Frederick (EC’s father): career and marriage, 3–4, 9–10
and EC’s birth, 5
and children’s Christian upbringing, 6–7, 12, 16–17, 59, 183
status, 6
background, 8–9
vicarage, 8
religious observance, 15–16
travels in Germany with family, 26–7
illness, 37
death and burial, 117
Cavell, George (EC’s uncle), 8
Cavell Homes see Edith Cavell Homes of Rest for Nurses
Cavell, John Frederick (EC’s brother; Jack): birth and career, 12
life-style and behavior, 12, 36
works for Norwich Union Insurance Company, 12, 36–7, 118
home education, 18
in Germany with family, 26
cares for widowed mother, 118, 126
as special constable in war, 180
Cavell, John Scott (EC’s uncle), 8, 13
Cavell, Lilian (EC’s sister) see Wainwright, Mary Lilian
Cavell, Sophia Louisa (née Warming; EC’s mother): and EC’s birth, 4–5
background and marriage, 10–11
character and qualities, 17
holidays with EC in West Runton, 117–18, 123, 125
widowhood, 117–18, 123
at outbreak of Great War, 130
communications with EC in wartime Belgium, 141, 147–50, 176–80, 183, 199, 218, 227
anxiety for EC in war, 177, 218
returned soldiers tell of EC’s wartime activities, 211–15
warned of possible informer, 233
EC worries over while in prison, 253
letters from EC after death sentence, 300, 320, 342
told of EC’s death sentence, 307
letter from Prince de Croÿ
on EC’s execution, 340–1
letters from public after EC’s death, 344–5
last years and death, 358
Cavenaile, Michel, 283
Cayron, Constant, 202, 236, 255, 281, 288, 294–5
Cecil, Lord Robert, 278
Chapman, Corporal P., 212–13, 218
Cheshunt Cottage Hospital, Hertfordshire, 82
childbirth, 4–5
cholera, 47
Chotek, Countess Sophie, 123–4
Churchill, (Sir) Winston: and outbreak of Great War, 127
and Victor Gilles, 206
Clevedon, near Bristol: Belgrave House, 19–20
Comité National de Secours et d’Alimentation, 152
Comité pour l’Éloignement des Mobilizables, 292
Conrad, Herr (Secretary of Politische Abteilung), 304–5
Coombe Head, Haslemere, Surrey: Cavell Home, 358
Corbett, Mrs. Reginald, 358
Cornberg, Captain Baron von (judge), 282
Court, Nurse, 237
Crabbé, Maurice, 261, 295
Crabbé, Mme. Maurice, 294
Creswick, Thomas, 88
Crombie, Captain John, 187
Crome, John, 13
Cromer, Norfolk, 117–18
Crowe, Eliza, 72
Croÿ, Dowager Duchess of, 371
Croÿ, Princess Marie de: helps fugitive soldiers, 24–5, 166–71, 202, 299
at beginning of war, 164–5
resists Germans, 165
Quien informs on, 226
tells EC of surveillance, 229
under suspicion, 233, 245
in EC’s deposition, 247
arrested, 257–8, 275
trial, 281–2, 286, 289, 293, 297–9, 326
on ill-usage of EC in court, 295
sentenced to hard labor, 300, 332
release from Siegburg prison and return to Brussels, 359
testifies against Quien, 368
in resistance in Second World War, 372
Croÿ, Prince Reginald de: at beginning of war, 164–5
background, 165
resists Germans, 165
helps fugitive soldiers, 167–71, 202, 204
travels to Holland and London, 168
collects money, 207
on distinctive English walk, 216
Quien informs on, 226
named as suspect by Germans, 233
and arrests of resistance workers, 236, 245, 257
in EC’s deposition, 249
eludes capture, 254, 257
escapes to Holland, 259–60, 270
cited during trials of EC and others, 284–7, 289, 292–3, 297
writes to EC’s mother following execution, 340
takes up diplomatic post in USA after war, 370
Daly, Nora, 75–7
Damme, Madame van, 226
Dannecker, Johann: Ariadne on the Panther (sculpture), 27
Darwin, Charles: On the Origin of Species, 10–11
Davie, Emma, 57
Davies, Emily, 6, 19, 43 Dawn (film), 363
Deighton, Gertrude, 57
Delaunoy, Noemie, 99
Delhey, Mme. Leon, 148
Demonstier, Adolphe, 283
Depache, Louise, 353
Depage, Dr. Antoine: invites EC to be matron of Belgian Nurse Training School, 88–9, 96
and administration of School, 94–8, 103
conducts operations,
101
appoints EC to St. Gilles hospital, 108
addresses International Congress of Nurses, Cologne, 119
advises on design of St. Gilles hospital, 120
wartime duties, 136–7, 152, 191, 219
plans to move EC out of Brussels, 155
identifies wife’s body, 221
post-war career and honors, 370
death, 370
Depage, Marie: aids husband Antoine, 96
advises on design of St. Gilles hospital, 120
as Sister-in-charge of Royal Palace hospital, 136, 152
at Océan Hospital, La Panne, 152
Capiau asks to help fugitives, 161
visits USA, 219–20
drowned on Lusitania, 220–1
monument unveiled, 364
Derveau, Georges: forges identity cards, 168, 202
named in EC’s depositions, 249, 261
trial, 283–4, 289, 293, 300
sentenced, 300, 331
Desmet, René, 259
Détry, Dr. Marcel, 212
Dewin, M. (architect), 120
Dickens, Charles: Martin Chuzzlewit, 41
in Shoreditch, 83
Dickinson, Eveline see McDonnell, Eveline
Dickinson, Miss (Fountains Hospital matron), 49, 52
Dissel, Annette van, 20–1
Doman, Lance-Corporal, 160, 212–13, 218
Doren, Eugene van, 175–6
Dorff, A. (lawyer), 282, 295
“Dr. Finsen’s Light Treatment for Lupus,” 69–70
Dupré, General, 202
Duthilleul, Mlle., 235
Earle, Sir Lionel, 364
Eastern Daily Press, 126, 129–30, 147
Eastland, Fanny, 71
Eck, Captain (judge), 282
Edgecombe, Fanny (later Going), 74, 82, 84, 344
Edith Cavell Homes of Rest for Nurses, 357–9
Edith Cavell War Memorial Committee, 356
Education Act (1870), 17
Elisabeth, Queen of the Belgians, 136–7, 141, 219
Eston, Miss (French nursing matron), 99
Evans, Sister Eleanor, 106
Eyck, Miss van (Dutch nursing matron), 99
Faider, M. (president of Belgian School of Nurses), 333
Falkenhausen, Baron Ludwig von, 313, 316
Farmfield Reformatory for Female Inebriates, Charlwood, Surrey, 82
feminism, 6
Fenwick, Dr. Samuel, 78
Fielden, John, 69
First World War see Great War Fleming, (Sir) Alexander, 191
Fletcher, Lieutenant Horace, 189
Forster, William: Education Act (1870), 17
Fountains Fever Hospital see Tooting Frampton, Sir George, 355
France: and outbreak of Great War, 127–8
agrees to non-violation of Belgian neutrality, 129
Germany invades, 130
conduct of war, 139–40
repels German advance on Paris, 173–4
François, Evelyn, 30, 37
François, George, 30
François, Hélène, 30–1
François, Marguerite, 30, 37, 249