166 See the Burney Collection of Early Newspapers in the British Library.
5. LONDON SCRIBBLERS
169 William Funnell, A Voyage Round the World.
169 Dampier’s Vindication.
173 Woodes Rogers, A Cruising Voyage; and see G.E. Manwaring’s introduction to a reprint of this in 1928.
175 See George A. Aitken, The Life of Richard Steele (1889).
176 See the Post-Boy, October 29–31, 1713.
180 See East India Company correspondence E1/3 and D/92, Oriental and India Office Library Collection, British Library, and Glyn Williams, The Great South Sea (1997).
182 (C24/1321 pt. 1) Public Record Office.
183 Ibid.
184 Review, no. 68, 30 August 1711.
185 Correspondence concerning proposals for this South Sea project is in Add MS 28, 140, British Library. And see John E. Flint & Glyndwr Williams, Perspectives of Empire (1973).
185 Add MSS 25, 494, British Library.
186 W.H.Hart came across this indictment while researching eighteenth-century Queen’s Bench records. See Notes and Queries, 30 March 1861.
6. HOME
189 This anecdote was told to Selkirk’s first biographer, John Howell, by a great-grand-nephew of Selkirk’s. See The Life and Adventures of Alexander Selkirk (1829).
190 John Howell, The Life and Adventures of Alexander Selkirk.
191 See R.L. Megroz, The Real Robinson Crusoe (1939).
191 See Henry Cadwallader Adams, The Original Robinson Crusoe (1877).
192 See Bryan Little, Crusoe’s Captain.
192 See the Log Books of the Enterprise and Weymouth, Admiralty Records 52/316, Public Record Office.
192 This will was published in the Scots Magazine, vol.67 (1805).
195 See Thomas Wright, The Life of Daniel Defoe (1894); James Sutherland, Defoe (1937); Pat Rogers, Robinson Crusoe (1979).
201 The petitions of Frances Candis and Sophia Bruce are in Chancery II/52/31 and Chancery II/297/61 (1714–58), Public Record Office.
202 Selkirk’s will of 1720 is also in the Public Record Office.
203 The logbooks of the Weymouth are in Admiralty 4/53 and Ad. Rec. 52/316 in the Public Record Office.
203 For the paybooks of the Weymouth see Admiralty 33/308 in the National Maritime Museum.
205 See J.J. Keevil, Medicine and the Navy (1958).
208 See Chancery II/52/31 and 297/61 in the Public Record Office.
209 See ‘The Say Papers’ in Monthly Repository, 1810. And see R.L. Megroz, The Real Robinson Crusoe.
7. THE ISLAND
214 See Richard Walter, Anson’s Voyage Round the World (1928); and Glyn Williams, The Prize of All the Oceans (1999).
219 See Carl Skottsberg (1880–1963), The Natural History of Juan Fernandez (1922).
221 See Philippe Danton, Les Iles de Robinson (Paris 1999).
INDEX
Acapulco, 31, 104, 138, 158, 169
Acapulco galleon, 121, 183
Addison, Joseph, 176 & n
Alexander, Joseph, 123
Amboyna, 114 & n
Angulo, Don Fernando de, 156
Anne, Queen of Great Britain, 32, 46, 185–6
Anson, George, Baron, 107n, 214; A Voyage Round the World, 40n
Ashton, Philip, 93
Assumsion (Spanish ship), 79
Auchinleck, John, 50
Bahamas, 192
Ballett, John: sails as surgeon with Dampier, 45; inadequate medical treatment by, 61, 63; treats wounded after fight, 73–4; remains with Dampier, 112; on 1708/9 voyage, 127, 134; and epidemic at Guayaquil, 146
Bank of England, 165
barks: defined, 32n
Barnaby, James, 45, 64–5, 182
Barnsley, John, 205
Batavia: Dampier imprisoned at, 113; survivors meet at, 114; 1708/9 expedition reaches, 161–3; Marquess sold at, 161, 165, 170
Batchelor (formerly Disengano): attacked and captured, 153–5; share-out of plunder from, 178–81
Batchelor’s Delight (ship), 41
Bateman, Sir James, 185
Bath, William, 164
Beagle, HMS, 150
Beaucheane-Gouin, Capitaine Jacques de, 122
Beginning (ship), 139
Begona (treasure ship), 156–9
Bell, Margaret (Mrs John Selcraig), 55, 190
Bellhash (Master of St George), 94, 103, 112
Bertero, Carlo, 21n
Bible, Holy: Selkirk’s faith in, 96; Spaniards destroy Selkirk’s, 117–18
birds, 25; see also individual species
boa constrictors, 23
booby birds, 61
botanists, 21n, 218
Bristol: merchants back Dampier’s expedition, 122, 162, 165; Rogers in, 173; Selkirk in, 185–6
Broady, James, 48, 61
Bruce, Sophia: marriage to Selkirk, 190–3; in Selkirk’s will, 192, 206; Selkirk abandons, 201; claims inheritance on Selkirk’s death, 206–8; imprisoned, 207
Brum, Blanca Luz, 216
Bury, Samuel, 202
Caledonia (ship), 52, 54
Callao, 74
Candis, Frances (later Hall; Selkirk’s supposed wife), 201–3, 206–10
Canterbury, HMS, 166
Cape Horn, 65–7, 126
Cape Town, 163
Cape Verde Islands, 59–60, 127
Carreto, Captain Sebastian Garcia, 43–4
Cash, Giles, 126
Castelldosrius, Marquis de, 141
cats, 23, 25, 99, 110
Cavendish, Captain Thomas, 31, 152
Chile: Spanish ships off, 30–1; distance from Island, 95; independence from Spain, 215; relations with Island, 216–17; and conservation, 219–21
Cinque Ports (ship): sails as consort for St George, 47–8, 56; Selkirk serves on, 48, 51, 56; Stradling takes over command of, 63–4; on voyage, 63; rounds Horn, 66; crew mutinies against Stradling, 67–8; reaches Island, 67–8; attacks French mechantman, 70; in attack on Santa Maria, 77; captures Assumsion, 80; leaves St George, 81; returns to Island for repair, 82–4; Selkirk hopes for rescue by, 94; sinks, 100–1, 182; crew imprisoned in Peru, 101
Clift, Ralph, 72, 74, 80, 114–15, 183
Clipperton, John, 45, 79, 94, 103–4, 114
Cobham, John, 48, 89
Company of Scotland, 51–2
CONAF (Chilean Forestry Commission), 220–2
Cook, Edmund, 40
Cooke, Edward: keeps journal, 123, 164, 169; sails on 1708/9 expedition, 123; assaulted by Second Mate, 127; privateering, 140; commands Marquess, 141, 157, 170; given black boys, 152; takes on provisions at Guam, 160; returns to Dutchess, 161; arranges Vanbrugh’s funeral, 163; on voyage home, 164; publishes A Voyage to the South Seas, 169–70; Selkirk relates time with, 189
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 111
Courtney, Stephen: captains Dutchess, 123; and attack on Guayaquil, 142; and mutiny threat, 149; in failed attack on Begona, 157; takes on provisions at Guam, 160; on sickness aboard ship, 163–4; suffers gout, 165
crabs, 24
Cresswell, Elizabeth, 115, 181, 184
Cresswell, Richard, 115
Cuna Indians, 51–2, 54
Dampier, Judith (William’s wife), 29, 45
Dampier, William: captains St George on 1703 expedition, 29–30, 32, 44–6, 56; career and voyages, 32–3, 35; eats wild creatures, 34, 148; court-martialled, 35–6; buys Prince Giolo, 37; visits Island, 39–41, 44; puts up surety for voyage, 45; deteriorating relations with backers, 48; and Darien scheme, 52; drinking, 56, 65, 72, 104; flouts Articles of Agreement, 56, 63–4; praises Selkirk, 56; quarrels with and abandons Huxford, 56, 59–60, 90; at Madeira, 59; appoints Stradling to command of Cinque Ports, 63–4; drives Barnaby to mutiny, 64–5, 182; navigational errors, 66–7, 129; reaches Island, 68; resolves difficulties on Cinque Ports, 68; attacks French merchantman, 70–2; accused of cowardice, 74; misgovernment, 74; allows Spanish ships to go free after capture, 75–6; in abortive attack on Santa Maria, 77�
��9; egotism, 77; cheats men over plunder of Assumsion, 80; Stradling parts from, 80–1; neglects to protect against shipworm, 83; tells of shipwreck survivor, 93; and Selkirk on Island, 94; warns of poison plants, 97; in fight with Spanish warship, 102–3; hopes to capture treasure ship, 102; in attack on Rosario, 104–5; deserted by men on refusing to return home, 112–13; imprisoned at Batavia, 113; sails for home in captured brigantine, 113; legal actions against, 115, 169, 181; expedition failure, 121; plans new voyage (1708), 122; sails as ‘Pilot for the South Seas’, 123; praises Tenerife wine, 126; ineptitude, 127, 160; 1709 arrival at Island, 130, 134; and attack on Guayaquil, 142; on value of Disengano treasure, 142, 158; threatened by Rogers, 164; literary skill, 169; reputation, 169; receives share of plunder, 181; Selkirk and others testify against, 181–4; death, 184; A New Voyage Round the World, 33–6, 47n
Danton, Philippe, 21n
Darien scheme, 51–4
Darwin, Charles, 150
Davies, George, 127
Defence (ship), 32, 37
Defoe, Daniel: Dampier’s friendship with, 36; on Presbyterians and ‘Squadroni’, 50; owns brick factory, 109n; reads Beaucheane-Gouin’s journal, 122; champions South Sea Company, 165; on sailing with Dampier, 169; Rogers meets, 170; Essay on the South-Sea Trade, 182; Robinson Crusoe (and sequels), 194–201, 205; The Shortest Way with the Dissenters, 195n
Dewars, Christopher, 181
Disengano (ship) see Batchelor
Douglas, David, 21n
Dover, Captain Thomas: investor 122, 124; Doctor 122n; reconnoitres Island, 130–1; at Selkirk’s rescue, 134; and mutiny threat, 149; quarrel with Rogers, 158; on Rogers’s dispensing plunder, 162, 164; on return voyage, 165
Dragon (ship), 103–4
Duke (frigate): fitted out, 122–3; mutiny on, 126; Selkirk taken on board after rescue, 134–5, 172; voyage and privateering, 138–47; conditions on, 147–8, 160; attacks Spanish treasure ships, 154–7; on voyage home, 160, 163; private status, 165
Dunwich, HMS, 166
Dutch East Indies, 114, 161; see also Batavia
Dutchess (frigate): fitted out, 122–3; flooded at Cape Horn, 127; flies French ensign, 131; cleaned and repaired, 139; voyage and privateering, 141, 147; attacks Spanish treasure ships, 154, 156–7; on return voyage, 163; private status, 165; at rescue of Selkirk, 172
East India Company, 165–6, 180
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 32
Englishman (journal), 176–7 & n
Enterprise, HMS, 192–4, 208
Essex, HMS, 166
Estcourt, Thomas: backs 1703 expedition, 29–30, 32, 44; death, 115; heirs, 181
Evelyn, John, 36
Falkland Islands, 128
Fame (ship), 45
fardelas (seabirds), 25, 43
Fernandez, Don Juan, 42
fish, 24, 60–1, 69
flamingoes, 34
Forster, Revd Robert, 202
France: Dampier attacks merchantmen, 70–2; profits in South Seas, 122; ships in South Seas, 137; threat to Batchelor on voyage to Britain, 164
Frye, Edward, 151–2, 172
Frye, Robert, 131, 133
Funnell, William: sails with Dampier as Second Mate, 45; on conditions aboard St George, 56, 63; on Madeira, 58; on Cape Verde Islanders, 59; criticises Dampier’s navigation, 67; complains of losing Spanish ship, 75; in attack on Santa Maria, 77, 79; takes command of Assumsion, 80; Selkirk hopes for rescue by, 94; on shipworm damage, 102; in fight with Spanish warship, 103; deserts Dampier, 112; returns home, 114; publishes account blaming Dampier, 169
Galapagos Islands, 34, 148–51
galleons: defined, 32n
Gallera (island), 103
Gallo (island), 76
Gambia, river, 203
George, Prince of Denmark, 123
Giolo, Prince of Meangis, 36–8
goats: prevalence on Island, 23–4, 43–4, 214; as food, 41; Selkirk hunts, eats and uses, 95, 98, 106–8, 136–7, 198, 201; Selkirk husbands, 99–100; in Robinson Crusoe, 198
God: Selkirk’s faith in, 96, 175; Crusoe on, 200
Godolphin, Mary, 196
Godolphin, Sidney, 1st Earl of, 45–6
Gold Coast, 203–4
Goldney, Thomas, 122
Gorgona Island, 104, 148
Graham, Maria, 215 & n
Guam, 114, 153, 160
Guayaquil, 30, 102, 138; attacked and plundered, 140–7
Guinea, Gulf of, 203–4
Hack, William, 30n
Halifax, 1st Earl of see Montagu, Charles
Hall, Francis, 206
Hardy, Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas, 166
Harley, Sir Robert see Oxford, 1st Earl of
Harrison, John, 58
Hatley, Simon, 150 & n
Havre de Grace (French ship) see Marquess
Herdman, Captain Mungo, 204
Hill, James, 45, 56
Hollidge, James, 165
Hopeful Binning (ship), 54
hummingbirds, 25, 43, 69, 97, 117
Huxford, Samuel, 45, 56, 59–60, 90
Increase (ship; earlier Santa Josepka), 139, 152
‘Island, The’ see Juan Fernandez
Johow, Federico, 21n
Jones, Thomas, 48, 89
Juan Fernandez (‘The Island’): location and description, 19–20, 23, 43–4; volcanic nature, 19–20, 219; flora and fauna, 20–3, 97, 213, 219, 221–2; Dampier’s knowledge of, 39–40, 44; Miskito Indian (Will) survives on, 40–2; named, 42–3; exploited by Spanish, 43–4; 1703 expedition reaches, 67–9, 72; Cinque Ports repaired at, 82–3; French attack, 82; Selkirk marooned on, 84–5, 89–90; Selkirk’s life on, 92–100, 115–18; spiritual/emotional effect on Selkirk, 95–6, 105–6, 110–11, 118, 175, 190, 222; 1708/9 expedition sails for, 128–31; Selkirk leaves, 138; Steele describes, 177; plan to colonise, 183–4; depicted in Robinson Crusoe, 194–5, 197–8; visitors to, 213, 215; Anson’s fleet survivors on, 214; colonised, 214–16; as penal settlement, 215; modern life on, 216–19; renamed (Isla Robinson Crusoe), 216; ecosystem, 219–22; as national park, 219; declared Worldwide Reserve of the Biosphere, 220
Kinsale, Co. Cork (Ireland), 47–8, 56–7, 124–5, 193
Largo, Fife: Selkirk’s early life in, 49–50, 54–6, 96, 178; Selkirk returns to (1713), 184, 189–90; described, 190; Selkirk finally leaves, 191; Frances Candis (Hall) claims Selkirk’s property in, 207
Le Grande (island, Brazil), 64, 127–8
Letters of Marque, 32
Lima, 74, 101, 150n
Lind, James, 62–3
lobsters, 217–18 & n
London Gazette, 46, 166
longitude, 57–8
Lords of Trade and Plantations, 52
Louis XIV, King of France, 122
Madeira, 52–3, 56, 58–9, 126
Malpelo (island), 100–1
Man Friday, 200
Manila galleons (treasure ships): as prize targets, 31 & n, 81, 84, 102, 104, 138, 148; plunder divided and allocated in London, 178–81; see also Batchelor (earlier Disengano); Begona; Rosario; Santa Ana
Manipa (Island), 114
Manta de Cristo (Spanish ship), 82
Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain, 155
Marquess (ship; earlier Havre de Grace): captured and renamed, 141, 152; Cooke captains, 141, 157, 170; voyage and privateering, 147; threat of mutiny on, 149; in attacks on Spanish treasure ships, 154, 156–7; sold at Batavia, 161, 165, 170
Marticorena, Clodomiro, 21n
Martin, Christian, 4, 112
Mason, Katherine, 182, 192, 202
Meangis, New Guinea, 36–7
meat: in diet, 47–8
Medway, HMS, 166
mice, 29
Mindanao, 35
Miskito Indians, 40–1
Montagu, Charles (1st Earl of Halifax), 36
Morgan, Edward: sails with Dampier, 45; secretiveness, 65, 72, 182–3; accused of fraud and cheating, 75, 115, 182, 184; plunders Spanish ships, 75, 80; Selk
irk hopes for rescue by, 94; deserts Dampier, 112; sells plunder, 114
Navarino (supply ship), 218
navigation, 57–8, 111
Nether Largo see Largo
Nettle, Richard, 186
New Caledonia see Darien scheme
Nuestra Senora de Begona see Begona
Nuestra Senora de la Encarnacion Disengano see Batchelor
Nuestra Senora de los Remedios (Spanish ship), 41
Olive Branch (ship), 54
Opey, Captain (of East Indiaman), 161n
Orford, Edward Russell, Earl of, 36
Oxford, Robert Harley, 1st Earl of, 165, 170, 185–6
Page, William, 127
Panama, 51, 101–2
Paterson, Jane, 38
Paterson, William, 51–2
Patterson, Robert, 178
Pepys, Samuel, 36
Peru, 31, 51, 72, 81, 138–9
Philippines, 156
Pichberty, Jean, 154
Pickering, Captain Charles, 48, 56, 63; death, 64–5, 67
pigs, 43
pinnaces: defined, 32n
piracy, 35, 203–5; see also privateers and privateering
Pizzaro, Carlos Munoz, 220
Plymouth, 201–3, 206, 209
Post Boy (journal), 166
privateers and privateering, 32, 58, 70–2, 77, 80–2, 102–5, 131, 138–48, 154–7, 165, 179n
Puerto Inglés (bay), 22n
Pulling, Captain (of Fame), 45, 47
rabbits, 220–2
rats, 23, 24–5, 95, 98–9
Review (Defoe’s journal), 165, 170
Ritta, La (Spanish ship), 75
Roatan Island, Honduras, 93
Roberts, William, 81–2
Robin (Miskito Indian), 41–2
Robinson Crusoe see under Defoe, Daniel
Rodt, Alfred de, 215–16
Roebuck (ship), 45
Rogers, John, 123, 140, 152
Rogers, Captain Woodes: on Selkirk’s sexual practices, 107n; on 1708/9 expedition, 122, 125; commands Duke, 123, 128; keeps journal, 123, 169; hostility to Vanbrugh, 126–7, 162; on importance of liquor, 126; punishes mutineers, 126; on ritual of crossing the Tropic, 127; reaches Island, 130, 133; on disputes over booty, 138, 162–4; privateering, 139–40; buys wig, 141n; in attack on and plunder of Guayaquil, 142–5, 147; on sickness among crew, 146; discipline on ship, 149, 151; at Galapagos Islands, 151; in capture of Disengano, 154; wounded, 155, 157–8, 161, 164, 173; on voyage home, 159, 165; takes on provisions at Guam, 160; on Batavia, 161; consults Steele, 170, 173–4; bankruptcy, 173; appointed to command 1712 expedition, 183; Selkirk relates time with, 189; as Governor of Bahamas, 192; on men’s ‘marriages’, 193; A Cruising Voyage Round the World, 168, 170, 173–4