úrotra: the organ of hearing, one of the buddhi-indriyas
sçtisaüsthitâs: tamo-yogyas whose way to darkness is through s aüsâra úruti: the revealed texts of the Vedic canon
úûdra: the service class, serfs, one of the four varõas
sûtra: a short aphorism or collection of aphorisms
svâüúa: essential parts of the greater whole
svâmi: religious leader, usually a celibate ascetic
svâmiji: esteemed religious leader, the suffix ‘- ji’ is an honorific sva-nirvâhaka: possessing self-sufficiency, not requiring another
sva-prakâúa: self-luminous, not requiring another to be illuminated
svarga: heaven, the goal of the Mîmâüsâ school, in Mâdhva Vedânta it
is the prasâda of bhakti-yoga and a place of temporary residence
Svarga: Heaven, a place in mokùa
svarûpa: essence, natural capacities, innate abilities
svarûpa-jñâna: knowledge that is inherent to, or part of, the very nature
of the cognizer
svarûpatraividhya: three-fold classification of jîvas: ucca, madhya and nîcâ
141
128
An Introduction to Mâdhva Vedânta
svataþ-prâmâõa: self-valid, when validity cannot be derived from an
outside authority
svatantram: independent entity, only Viùõu is svatantram
svâtantrya: independence
tadaspçùta: cetanas who are not connected with suffering
Tâmisra: [Place of] Darkness, one of the Hells
tamo-yogyas: jîvas who are fit only for darkness and will not attain mokùa: daityas, râkùasas, piúacas and martyâdhamas tantras: the Pañcarâtrâgamas, a body of texts held to be âgama
tantric: a type of non-Vedic worship and ritual
Tapo-loka: the Region of Austerities, a place in mokùa
taptamudhra: the ceremonial branding of Mâdhvas with images of the
úaïkha, conch, and cakra, discus, both of which are possessed by
Kçùõa
târatamya: gradation
tarka-doùa: an error in logic
tatpuruùa: a determinative compound in Sanskrit
theodicy: theory about the existence of evil as it relates to the divine
ñîkâcârya: author of commentaries, an honorific, a title of Jayatîrtha
tretâ-yuga: the second age
tûùõîbhâva: silence, a reason for defeat in a debate
tvak: touch, one of the buddhi-indriyas
ucca: highest jîvas, a classification of svarûpatraividhya
udâharaõa: example, a component of the anumâna
upâdhi: limiting adjunct, a concept in Advaita epistemology
upajîvaka: dependent source, used in reference to hierarchy in
epistemology
upajîvya: foundational source, used in reference to hierarchy in
epistemology
upamâ: analogy, under the rubric of anumâna
upanaya: application, a component of the anumâna
upanayana: initiation ceremony for males of the highest three varõas
upastha: procreation, a karma-indriya
Vâc: speaking, a karma-indriya
vâda: view, theory, discussion; also a debate whose purpose is the
pursuit of truth
Vahni: [Place of] Fire, one of the Hells
Vaiùõava: pertaining to Viùõu, a devotee of the god Viùõu
vaiùya: the merchant class, one of the four varõas
Vâmana: the dwarf, Vâmana, an avatâra of Viùõu
vânaprastha: the first stage in the âúrama system, forest dweller
vandhyâputra, son of a barren woman, a sadâbhâva entity
142
Appendix C: Glossary
129
Varâha: the boar, an avatâra of Viùõu
varõa, class system; brahmins, kùatriyas, vaiùyas, úûdras, can also refer to a phoneme
varõâúrama-dharma: duty according to varõa and âúrama
vâsanâ: an impression in the mind resulting from previous karma
Vâsudeva: ‘The Descendent of Viùõu,’ a name of Madhvâcâya
vâyu: air, one of the pañca-bhûtas
Vâyu: the god of wind, Madhvâcârya, the son of Viùõu, Bhîma
vedânta: a tatpuruùa comprised of veda and anta, meaning ‘the culminating sections of the Vedas,’ a tradition of South Asian
philosophy
vidhi: obligatory duties pertaining to varõâúrama-dharma
vimuktas: jîvas who are already liberated from suffering
Vîraúaivism: a nâstika tradition of Hinduism
virodha: contradiction, a reason for defeat in a debate
viúeùa: distinguishing property
Viùõu: name of a Hindu god, the god central to Mâdhva Vedânta
Viùõu- prasâda: the grace of Viùõu
vitanda: captious objection, reductio ad absurdum
vçtti: modifications, see manovçtti-jñâna
vyâpti: universal concomitance between the hetu and the sâdhya, a component of the anumâna
Vyâsa: author of the Brahma Sûtras and the Mahâbhârata, an
incarnation of Viùõu
vyâvahârika: everyday experience, a component of Advaita epistemology
vyûhas: emanations of Viùõu; Vâsudeva, Saükarùaõa, Pradyumna,
Aniruddha and Nârâyaõa
yajñas: sacrifices, particularly those enjoined in Vedic texts
Yama: the ruler of Hell
Yami: the wife of Yama
yathârtha: pramâõa, that which reveals an object of knowledge as it is yoga: jîvas joined with Viùõu in Kùîrasagare
yogi-jñâna: one of the four types of kevala-pramâõa: çjuyogins, tattvika-yogins and ayogins/ atattvika-yogins
yogyatâ: innate capabilities
yugas: ages of the universe; kçta, tretâ, dvâpara and kali 143
APPENDIX D
Text index
This index is for advanced scholars wishing to locate my citations of
Mâdhva materials. Scholars of Mâdhva Vedânta have been confronted
with difficulties when older scholarship refers to pagination, etc., from
older manuscripts that are either hard to find or no longer extant. The
result is a great deal of painstaking searches for citations. I have
structured this text index to avoid those problems of the past. I have
thus included a passage number, if one exists, a portion of the passage
that I have cited or to which I have referred, and pagination from
Govindâcârya’s edition of the Sarvamûla (hereafter BG) and then
Prabhanjanacharya’s (hereafter VP). If I have used a different edition
from either of these two then it has been indicated in the header.
Madhvâcârya’s texts have been grouped according to the category
system of the Sarvamûla:
Brahma Sûtra Bhâùya
Aõubhâùya
Anuvyâkhyâna
Chândogya Upaniùad Bhâùya
Bhagavad Gîtâ Bhâùya
Gîtâtâtparyam
Mahâbhâratatâtparyanirõaya
Pramâõalakùaõa
Tattvasaükhyâna
Tattvaviveka
Viùõutattva(vi)nirõaya
Jayatîrtha’s texts:
Nyâya Sudhâ
Pramâõapaddhati
Tâttvaprakâúika
Viùõutattva(vi)nirõaya-ñika
130
144
Appendix D: Text Index
131
Madhvâcârya’s Texts:
Brahma Sûtra Bhâùya
BG
VP
0 nârâyaõaü
1
1
0 dvâpare sarvatra
1
1
0 tadarthanirõayâya
1–2
2
0 nârâyaõâdviniùpannaü
2
2
0 evaüvidhâni
2
4
1.1.1 athâto brahmajijñâsâ
2
1.1.1 athaúabdo
2
4
1.1.1 tadvijñânârthaü
(missing)
6
1.1.1 strîúûdrabrahmabandhûnâü
5
6–7
1.1.1 traivarõikânaü
5
7
1.1.1 na ca jñânaü
5
7
1.1.1 yam evaiùa
5
8
1.1.1 karmaõâ
6
8
1.1.1 brahmaúabdaú ca
6
8
1.1.1 eùa mohaü
7
10
1.1.3 nâvedadinmanute
9
11
1.1.3 na ca anumânasya
9
12
1.1.3 sâükhyaü
10
12–13
1.1.18 kâmâc ca
18
22
1.1.18 yathâkâmaü
18
22
1.4.27 prakçtâvanupraviúya
51
77
2.1.15 svatantrabahusâdhanâ
65
87
2.1.24 cetanatve
66
91
2.2.24 yathâ dârûmayîü
66
91–92
2.2 Samayavirodha
71–88
100–111
2.3.29 jñânândâdibrahmaguõâ
101 (2.3.28)
128
2.3.29 atastasya so
102
128
2.3.33 kartâ
103 (2.3.32)
130
2.3.33 jîvasya
103 (2.3.32)
131
2.3.35 úâdhanâdyupâdânapratîteú ca
103 (2.3.34)
131
2.3.37 yathâ jñâne
103 (2.3.36)
132
2.3.38 alpaúaktitvâj jîvasya
103 (2.3.37)
132
2.3.40 yathâ takùõaþ
103 (2.3.39)
132
2.3.42 tato
104 (2.3.41)
132
2.3.42 pûrvakarma
104 (2.3.41)
133
2.3.47 svâmúaúrâtho
105 (2.3.46)
135–36
2.3.48 vâsudevaþ
106 (2.3.47)
136
2.3.48 aham matsyaþ
106 (2.3.47)
136
2.3.50 pratibimbatvâc
107 (2.3.49)
138
145
132
An Introduction to Mâdhva Vedânta
2.3.50 sopâdhir
107 (2.3.49)
138–39
3.1.8 tato úeùeõemaü
118
158
3.1.8 âcaturdaúamâdvarùâtkaramâõi
118
158
3.1.14 úañþâ mûrkhâ
119
160
3.1.15 mahatamasi
120
161
3.1.16 rauravo ‘tha
121
161
3.2.13 evam abedhenaiva
164
176
3.2.20 tasya ca
137
180
3.2.22 paramâtmâparokùyaü
138
181
3.2.37 yathâ
143
186
3.2.37 paúyanti
143
186–87
3.3.28 svecchyaityaõgîkartavyam
158
199
3.3.29 svecchyâ
158
200
3.3.33 yathâ yathâ
159
201
3.3.34 na câsamatvena
159
201
3.3.43 úrutvâ
161
205
3.3.45 guruprasâdo
161
206
3.3.46–47 na ca pûrvaprâpta
161
207
3.4.4 yad eva
171
221
3.4.10 na sarveúâm
172
223
3.4.27 yady api
177
228
4.1.1 âtmâ vâ
193
241
4.1.2 nityaúaþ
193
241
4.1.6 nârâyaõatantre ca
196
243–44
4.3.1 yadâ ha
215
261
4.3.5 vâyumupagamy
216
262–63
4.4.19 âtmety eva
226
274
4.4.19 caivottamottamâþ
227
274–75
4.4.23 yasya trîõyuditâni
229
278
Aõubhâùya
BG
VP
1.1 nârâyaõaü
230 (in footnote)
279
1.2 viùõur eva
230
279
1.4 sarvago
230
279
1.7 mukhyataþ
230
280
1.8 avântaraü
230
280
3.3 târatamyaü vimuktigam
231
282
3.4 saccidânand
231
282
3.5 jñeyo
231
282
4.1 viùõur brahma
232
283
4.6–7 yathâ saõkalpabhogâú
232
284
146
Appendix D: Text Index
133
Anuvyâkhyâna
BG
VP
1.1.5 vaktçúrotçprasaktînâm
2
285
1.1.252 eko nârâyaõo
23–24 (1.1.248)
322
1.4.59 avikâraþ
54 (1.4.56)
339
1.4.98 sâkùisiddhasya
56 (1.4.94)
343
1.4.99 kâlo hi
56 (1.4.95)
343
2.1.19 pratyakùam
60 (2.1.20)
349
2.1.24 prâmâõyaü
60 (2.1.23)
350
2.1.58 pûrvânubhûte
62
359
2.2.5 daurlabhyâc
72
367
2.2.6 tâmasatvâc
72
367
2.2.7 anâdivâsanâyogâdasurâõâü
72
368
2.2.8 tathâpi
72
368
2.2.9 iti vidyâpatiþ
72
368
3.2.55 sâkùîpratyakùato
130 (3.2.53)
427
3.2.56 sâkùinaþ
130 (3.2.53)
427
3.2.83 ataþ
131 (3.2.78)
430
Chândogya Upaniùad Bhâùya
BG
VP
3 vâyuü hareþ sutaü
401
404
7 alpâpi hy amçta
454
496
Bhagavad Gîtâ Bhâùya
BG
VP
3.4 abandhakatvaü
39
61
3.4 niùkâmaü
39
62
3.8 ato niyataü
40
64
4.7–8 yadâ yadâ hi
50
82
4.8 na janmanaiva
51
83
4.8 tathâ ‘pi lîlayâ
51
83
Gîtâtâtparyam
BG
VP
11.9 viúeùo ‘pi
104
370
Mahâbhâratatâtparyanirõaya
BG
VP
1.6 itthaü
1
2
1.7 saükarùaõaú ca
1
2
1.8 sthityai puna
1
2
1.8 sthitvâ
1
2
1.30 çgâdyaú ca
3
6
147
134
An Introduction to Mâdhva Vedânta
1.30–31 smçtam
3
6
1.32 vaiùõavâni
4
6
1.34 mohârthâny
4
6
1.48–50 eùa mohaü
5
8
1.50–51 amohâya guõâ
5
8
1.79 sarveùâü ca
7
12
1.85 mâhâtmyajñânapûrvastu
8
14
1.98–100 dânatîrthatapoyajñapûrvâþ
9 (1.99)
18
1.104 jñânapûrvaþ
9 (1.105)
20
1.120 ùaõõavatyaïgulo
11 (1.121)
23
1.121 tasmâd brahmâ
11 (1.122)
24
1.122 kramâllakùaõahînâú
11 (1.123)
25
1.123–125 samyag
11 (1.124–125)
26
1.126 ity etat
11
27
1.128–131 yadâ
11 (1.127–129)
27–28
2.3–6 kvacid
13
31
2.34–35 tasmâdbalapravçttasya
15 (2.33–34)
37
2.36 yatra rûpaü
15 (2.35)
37
2.38 tac ca
16 (2.37)
37
2.38–39 nâlakùaõaü
16 (2.37–38)
37
2.107–108 pañcarâtrasya
22 (2.101)
46
Pramâõalakùaõa
BG
VP
yathârthaü pramâõam
65
1
tad dvividham
65
1
yathârthajñânaü
65
1
kevalaü
65
1
svâtantryapâratantryâbhyâü
65
2
dvitîyam iúo
65
2
spaùñþatve
65
2
yogijñânam
65
2
anupramâõaü
65
3
nirdoùopapattir anumânam
65
4
nirdoùaþ úabda âgamaþ
65
4–5
arthâpattyupame
65
5
âtmâny ...
65
5
vyâptir upapattimûlam
66
5
pratyakùaü