238–239. President’s Miami speech: Newman, 509; Summers, 425, 423.
239. Newspapers’ coverage of speech and motorcade route: XXVI, 69; Newman, 511.
Marina on Oswald’s failure to call: III, 45–46.
240. Hunting rifle in Truly’s office: McMillan, 519; VII, 381–382, 387–388.
Conversation with Frazier: II, 222.
Ruth on Oswald’s arrival: III, 46–48.
Oswald’s activities at Ruth’s house: McMillan, 521, 523–525.
240–241. President Kennedy in Fort Worth: Bishop, 25, 28, 61; Manchester, 114, 121, 137; VII, 455.
242. Oswald on his way to shoot Walker?: Newman, 47–49.
Note 3: There are other theories about where Oswald was headed. Commission lawyer David Belin believes that he was en route to a street at which he could have caught a bus to Mexico (Belin, 425–428). Congressman Harold Sawyer of the Assassinations Committee believes that Oswald was on his way to the home of an individual identified by the Dallas press as a Communist party defector who had helped the FBI destroy the Party in Texas. The news story had appeared on the same page as articles about John Abt defending Communists in New York and the president’s proposed visit to Dallas. The informant’s home was two blocks farther up the street in the direction Oswald was walking when Tippit stopped him (HACR, 673–674).
Oswald seen by shoe store manager: VII, 3–4.
CHAPTER 15. THE ARREST
243. Seth Kantor’s reaction: XX, 410.
AM/LASH meeting with case officer: Book V, 19–20.
243–244. Castro’s statements: Daniel, “When Castro Heard the News.”
244. Michael Paine’s reactions: McMillan, 540–541.
Oswald’s arrest: VII, 40, 52, 73; VII, 54 (crowd); VII, 41, 59 (in police car); Belin, 27.
244–245. Fritz on Oswald’s answers: IV, 239.
Other questioners’ impressions: XXIV, 839, 844; VII, 135.
245. Oswald discusses political beliefs: WR, 610; IV, 224.
Oswald apprised of rights, declines lawyer: IV, 216.
FBI agents join questioning: IV, 209, 210.
Oswald meets Hosty: IV, 210, 466–467.
Hosty realizes note was from Oswald: HACR, 245.
Oswald’s statements on rifle, whereabouts, and pistol: WR, 619; XI, 613; WR, 181.
Denial he was in Mexico City: IV, 210.
Witnesses identify Oswald: WR, 166.
246. Concealment of Neely Street address: WR, 617.
Oswald at press conference: IV, 166; Newman, 547.
Ruby’s personality and arrest record: XXIII, 21, 22, 172, 356, 7, 125; WR, 796, 800.
Ruby’s large sums of money and pistol: WR, 797, 805.
Ruby’s reaction to assassination: WR, 335, 337–338.
247. Oswald’s assertions, Jarman’s location: WR, 182, 635, 250.
Jarman, Norman, and Williams on shooting: III, 204–207, 191–192, 175–176.
Secret Service report: WR, 635; Oswald asks for Abt: XX, 441; IV, 215; VII, 314.
247–248. Kantor and Oswald’s remarks: XX, 416.
248. Aline Mosby’s reaction: XXII, 710.
Search of Paine home, pictures found: WR, 628; VII, 215, 231.
Paine and Oswald on Neely Street residence: WR, 607.
Marina’s first reactions, rifle missing: McMillan, 538–540; III, 79.
Pictures in June’s baby book and Marguerite’s response: McMillan, 544; I, 146, 148.
249. Marina’s talk with Oswald: McMillan, 546–548; I, 77.
250. Marguerite, “This room is bugged”: Oswald, 22.
Robert on brother’s demeanor and statements: Ibid., 143, 144, 146.
251. Similar statements in Moscow: XXII, 706.
Phone call to Ruth and her reactions: III, 85–86.
Conversation with president of Dallas Bar Association: VII, 328–330.
Oswald’s reaction to backyard photos: WR, 608–609.
252. Assassinations Committee on photographs: HACR, 52.
Sunday morning questioning: VII, 298–299, 267; IV, 228, 240; XX, 444; WR, 610, 629.
252–253. Leavelle’s impression: VII, 269.
253. Holmes’s statement: WR, 633.
Priscilla Johnson’s comment: XX, 310.
Transfer to county jail delayed: XV, 148–149; Belin, 463–465.
Dressed in black: WR, 636; McMillan, 555.
254. Ruby at Western Union office: WR, 354, 357; XIII, 226.
“I’m Jack Ruby”: Kantor, 149.
Crowd’s cheer: VII, 589; XX, 419.
Clenched fist: Summers, 137, 547 n. 35.
CHAPTER 16. REACTIONS
255. Oswald seen as politically erratic: New York Times, November 23, 1963, 1, and December 7, 1963, 1.
256. Castro’s reaction reported: Ibid., November 24, 1963, 10.
Castro speech: The Worker, December 1, 1963, 8.
Castro’s fear of war: WR, 309; HACH, III, 225.
U.S. officials’ concern: Manchester, 333, 359.
Lyndon Johnson persuades Warren: Manchester, 630; Warren, 358.
256–258. Witnesses on Oswald’s motive: II, 392, 424; XI, 402 (Paine); VIII, 413–414 (Hall); VIII, 354 (Clark); VIII, 176–177, 179 (Marilyn); I, 123 (Marina); IV, 239–240 (Fritz).
258. Marina on backyard photos, “something important”: XXIII, 408–409, 479.
259. “Start another revolution?”: XXIII, 385.
Denies knowledge of Mexico trip, later admission: XXIII, 388, 511.
“Hitler needed killing,” note’s discovery: XXIII, 413, 391; IX, 393–394.
Explanation for saving note: McMillan, 369, 370, 373; WR, 405.
Marina approximating the truth: Epstein, Inquest, 99.
260–261. Marina’s testimony about November 21: WR, 420–421.
261. Ruth’s observations: XI, 391–393; McMillan, 523, 544–545.
Marina denies quarrel: McMillan, 628 n. 13.
Marina’s later testimony about November 21: HACH, II, 266–267.
262. “You and your long tongue”: McMillan, 516.
McMillan on events of November 21: McMillan, 521, 523, 566.
263. Ruth Paine’s warning about Oswald: II, 509.
De Mohrenschildt and Walker shooting: I, 18; IX, 249, 317.
De Mohrenschildt on his testimony and Oswald’s motive: HACH, XII, 216, 241, 224.
De Mohrenschildt and Janet Auchincloss: IX, 179; HACH, XII, 226–227.
264. Money for rifle, guilt feelings: Epstein, Legend, 319 n. 10; McMillan, 570.
De Mohrenschildt’s backyard photo: HACR, 52–53; HACH, XII, 52–53, 336, 241, and II, 315; McMillan, 362, 609 n. 9.
Note 1: McMillan believes that “5/IV/63” signified May 4, 1963, but Marina testified that the date on the photograph meant “Five-fourth month-1963” (HACH, II, 265–266). Oswald was surely familiar with the Russian style of writing dates, since two birthday gifts he received in the Soviet Union were inscribed in that fashion (WR, 691, 708).
264–265. De Mohrenschildt on investigation’s effects: HACH, XII, 312, 301.
265. No evidence worked for CIA: HACR, 277; Epstein, Legend, 185–187; McMillan, 632 n. 5.
De Mohrenschildt’s suicide: McMillan, 569–570.
265–266. CIA and FBI response to Dallas: Book V, 25, 40, 41, 60–67, 58, 38.
266. Hoover’s push for quick solution: Ibid., 32–35, 38–42.
Concern for FBI’s reputation: Ibid., 46–47, 51, 53.
267. CIA plots kept from Commission: Ibid., 67–75.
Assassination Committee’s conclusion on Cuba: Blakey and Billings, 155.
Blakey’s suspicion Castro’s denial untrue: Ibid., 146, 147–148.
CHAPTER 17. CONSPIRACY THINKING
269. TV documentary: “J. Edgar Hoover,” ABC News Closeup, June 3, 1982.
270. Origin of Lifton’s theory: Lifton, 25–27, 80.
271. Witnesses on casket a
nd sheet: Ibid., 775, 777, 786–787.
Body bag, plain casket: Ibid., 746–747, 785, 794.
Time of arrival: Ibid., 516, 604, 605, 728. “Had this been an ordinary case”: Ibid., 775.
Elizabeth Loftus on memory: Rodgers, “The Malleable Memory of Eyewitnesses,” 32, 34.
Lady Bird Johnson’s flight of stairs: Manchester, 236.
271–272. O’Connor and body bag: Lifton, 747.
272. Two other witnesses: Ibid., 794, 785.
Lifton on sutured throat wound: Ibid., 755.
Chief of surgery’s recollection: Ibid., 804, 810.
272–273. On vertical thinking: de Bono, 7, 88.
273. Other theories on backward movement: Kurtz, 102–103.
273–274. Eddowes and assistants: Eddowes, x.
274. Varying heights: Ibid., 211, 213, 214.
Pic on Oswald’s appearance: Ibid., 36–37.
“Switching” of fingerprints: Ibid., 139.
275. Betrayal scenario: Morrow, 108, 124–127, 176–177, 200–233 passim.
276. Morrow on motivations: Morrow, 127.
276–277. Evidence Oswald at Cuban Embassy, November 9 letter: Summers, 372, 374–376, 398; WR, 304–305, 309–310.
277. Man in movie theater: Anson, 38, 282, 353; Belin, 26, 35.
277–278. Mrs. Troon’s story: Summers, 174–176.
278–279. Army intelligence file: HACR, 282–286; Summers, 91–93, 305–306.
280. National Research Council on shots: Science, October 8, 1982, 127–133.
Assassinations Committee on possible conspirators: HACR, 108–109, 109 n. 4.
281. Committee conclusions on Oswald’s guilt: Ibid., 40, 46–47, 53–54, 57–59.
“Bewilderingly well framed”: Summers, 86.
Commission on Zapruder film and rifle: WR, 96–117.
Stretcher bullet tested: HACR, 37.
282. Connally, Committee, and Mrs. Kennedy on first shot: IV, 132–133; Life, November 25, 1966, 48; HACR, 87; V, 180.
Committee test of rifle: HACR, 89.
Spectators see man or rifle in window: WR, 63–65, 143–147.
Evidence bullets fired from Oswald’s rifle only: HACR, 37, 34–35, 42, 45.
283. Grassy knoll witnesses: Lifton, 70–72.
Ferrie’s background: HACH, X, 106–111, 127.
Office at 544 Camp Street?: XX, 524–525 (letter); Epstein, Legend, 321 n. 8.
284. Oswald in Clinton?: HACR, 142; HACH, IV, 485; Summers, 334–335.
No training as electrician, HACH, XII, 400.
285. Clinton incident seen as intelligence scheme: Summers, 336–337.
286.
Note 1: During his trial Ruby passed a note to his attorney, Joseph Tonahill, concerning his first lawyer, Tom Howard:
Joe, you should know this. Tom Howard told me to say that I shot
Oswald so that Caroline and Mrs. Kennedy wouldn’t have to come to
Dallas to testify. OK? [HACR, 193]
This would seem to prove that Ruby’s professed motive was a fabrication. But that isn’t so—Ruby gave this reason for his action in a statement to a Secret Service agent, Forrest Sorrels, shortly after his arrest, before he talked to Howard (XIX, 440; Blakey and Billings, 321, 324). What Ruby may have meant was that Howard had advised him to stick to that particular part of his statement and omit the other reasons he had mentioned.
Ruby’s reactions: WR, 338, 344, 349.
Opinion poll: Henderson and Summerlin, 202–205, 207, 216–217.
287. Ruby’s background: WR, 779–806 passim.
287–289. Ruby’s activities November 22–24: WR, 334–352; Kantor, 84–86, 105, 110; Henderson and Summerlin, 44.
288. Weissman a conservative: WR, 295.
289. Ruby’s expectations after arrest: Kantor, 157, 224.
289–291. Ruby’s testimony: V, 181–212 passim.
292. Ruby’s statements on conspiracy, tape recording, Dann’s remark: Meagher, 453, 452.
CHAPTER 18. OSWALD’S GAME
294. Oswald’s “love of fantasy,” radio program: Oswald, 46–47.
Note 1: Oswald’s history resembles that of another American assassin, McKinley’s assailant, Leon Czolgosz. A self-taught radical with few personal relationships, Czolgosz tried unsuccessfully to join anarchist groups in Cleveland and Chicago. The anarchists were put off by his eagerness and suspected him of being a police agent. After being rejected by these groups, he shot McKinley. Before his execution Czolgosz said, “I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good working people.”
Sources for other material in Chapter 18 have been cited in earlier chapters.
Index
Abel, Rudolf, 103
Abt, John, 115, 247, 249, 251
Accessories after the Fact (Meagher), 192
Agitator, 148
Air Force One, 241, 270
Air Review, 86
Alabama, University of, 146
Albert Schweitzer College, 81
Alphabetization Campaign, Cuban, 174
Alpha 66, 136
Alvarez, Luis, 273
American Civil Liberties Union, 226–29, 251, 275
AM/LASH, 181–83, 230, 243, 267
Andrews, Dean, 177–78, 190
Animal Farm (Orwell), 77
Anson, Robert Sam, 277
Argentina, 82
Asia, Oswald’s concern about poverty in, 75
assassins:
political causes and, 65
self-image of, 65–66
Atsugi air base, 72
Attwood, William, 182, 229
Auchincloss, Janet, 263–64
Azcue, Eusebio, 207, 210, 215, 219, 236, 276
Ballen, Sam, 128
Baltimore Sun, 88
Banister, Guy, 283–85
Batista, Fulgencio, 76
Bay of Pigs invasion, 15, 87–88, 89, 90, 96, 119, 122, 136, 164
Becker, Ernest, 79
Becket, Thomas à, 91–92, 183
Belin, David, 211
Benbrook, Tex., 43
Bergquist, Laura, 212–13, 218
Berkshire Industrial Farm, 59
Best Evidence (Lifton), 23–24, 270–72
Bethesda Naval Hospital, 271
Bethlehem Children’s Home, 42
Oswald in, 43
Betrayal (Morrow), 275–76
Big Brothers, 59
blacks:
capitalism linked to hatred of, 37
blacks (continued)
Oswald’s identification with, 112
Blakey, G. Robert, 267
Block, Morris, 87
Block, Robert E., 76
Board of National Estimates (CIA), 91
Bond, James, (character), 123, 148
Bookhout, James, 245
Booth, John Wilkes, 65
Bouhe, George, 107–8, 109, 117, 121
Bradlee, Ben, 229
Brave New World (Huxley), 148
Brewer, Johnny, 277
Bringuier, Carlos, 164–67, 169, 170, 174–75, 192, 195–96, 199, 200, 201, 255, 284, 318 n. 2
Bundy, McGeorge, 135, 182, 239
Burgess, Guy, 86–87, 295
Butler, Ed, 16, 17, 20, 174
capitalism:
Oswald’s mother seen as victim of, 37, 56
Oswald’s renunciation of, 35, 56
Castro, Fidel, 23, 29, 76, 119
assassination plots against, 24–25, 87, 88, 90–92, 136, 198, 216
Oswald’s support for, 16, 20, 25, 76–77, 96, 109, 140–41, 168–70, 171
warning about assassination plots by, 22–24, 182–183, 184, 197, 202, 215, 216, 217, 226, 267, 293, 297
Castro’s Cuba, Cuba’s Fidel (Lockwood), 218
Catledge, Turner, 212
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 86, 92, 138, 208–209, 212, 265–267
Castro assassination plots and, 24–25, 88–89, 91, 92, 136, 216, 230
Cuban sabotage and, 181–84
Oswald’s def
ection and, 32
returning defectors and, 106
Snyder and, 31
U.S.-Cuban relations and, 175
Children’s Village, 59
Church, Frank, 21, 88, 90, 137, 183, 194, 235
Civil Air Patrol, 62–63
Clark, Comer, 213–17, 218, 267
Clark, Max, 118–19, 257
Clearing the Air (Schorr), 211
Clements, Manning C., 245–46
Cline, Ray, 181
Combest, Billy, 254
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 63, 64
Communist party, U.S.:
Oswald and, 65, 169, 176–77
Rosenbergs and, 54–55
Connally, John, 101–2, 241–42, 281, 282
Connally, Mrs. John, 271
Conspiracy (Summers), 254
Contreras, Oscar, 210, 322 n. 1
Crafard, Larry, 288
Crescent City Garage, 146–47
Criminal Personality, The (Yochelson and Samenow), 66–68
criminals, habitual:
control sought by, 66–67
fantasies of, 66
manipulative personalities of, 67
St. Elizabeths Hospital study of, 66–68, 295
secrecy of, 66, 67
self-centeredness of, 66–67
Cuba, 82, 83
Alpha 66 raid in, 136
anti-Castro raids in, 163–66, 180–84
Bay of Pigs invasion of, 15, 87–88, 89, 90, 96, 119, 122, 136, 164
CIA role in, 88–89, 181–84
Literacy Campaign in, 174
missile crisis in, 119
revolution in, 29, 76–77
Soviets and, 119, 135
“subversion airlift” to, 142, 143
Cuban Revolutionary Junta (JURE), 186, 187, 191, 199
Cuban Student Directorate (DRE), 163, 164–66, 196
Dallas Morning News, 123, 124, 132, 233, 237, 287
Dallas Times-Herald, 129, 137, 239, 283
Daniel, Jean, 229–30, 238, 243
Dann, Sol, 292
Davis, Ben, 115, 145, 249
de Bono, Edward, 272
Delany, Judge, 50
Delgado, Nelson, 74–75, 76–78, 81, 82, 142, 296
de Mohrenschildt, George, 110–13, 118, 121, 124, 125, 128, 174, 202, 222, 263–65, 328 n. 1
suicide of, 265
before Warren Commission, 263
Descartes, René, 67
Diem, Ngo Dinh, 146, 221, 233
Dominican Republic, 83 attempted coup in, 76
Donovan, John E., 74, 75–76, 85
DRE (Cuban Student Directorate), 163, 164–66, 196
Dulles, Allen, 267
Duran, Silvia, 206–8, 210, 236, 265–66, 276–77