Index
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Adams, John, 22
African Americans, 144, 149–51, 181
Alameda, 165, 205, 207
Alexandrovich, Alexei, 98
Alien and Sedition Acts, 21–22
Alta California, 7–8, 24, 35
Angier, Frederick, 63–64, 66, 67
animal cruelty, 73, 192
Army, U.S., 69, 97
Astor, John Jacob, 19
Battle of Little Big Horn, 105
Battle of Warbonnet Creek, 105
bear hunts, 37
Beef Bonanza, The; or, How to Get Rich on the Plains (Brisbin), 58
Bell, Alexander Graham, 58
Bird, Isabella Lucy, 81–82, 85–86, 130
bison, 54–55, 98, 100
Brenchley, Julius, 79–80
Brisbin, James, 58
Britain, 3, 8–9, 11–17, 42–43
bronco riding, 66–67, 71–73, 146–48, 155, 185–87, 199–201
buffalo, 54–55, 98, 100
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West, 50, 99–100, 105–106, 146, 155–56
bulldogging, 151–52, 181
Bureau of Indian Affairs, 106
Butler, Frank, 146
Calamity Jane, 54
California, 35, 39, 51
Carter, A. W., 132, 134, 135, 138
Carver, F. W., 191
Carver, Lorena, 191
Cassidy, Butch, 49–50n, 66
Castle, William R., 104
cattle in Hawaii, 7–9, 14–20, 23–28, 33–34, 35, 37, 41, 43, 46–47, 218–19
cattle drives, 88–90
effects on environment, 95–96
herding into the ocean, 90–92, 160
hunting of, 28–30, 33–34, 35, 39–41, 78–81, 86–88, 94–95, 116–20
see also ranches, ranching
cattle in U.S., 57–58, 60–62, 66
cattle drives, 56–57, 64, 150
cattle-roping contests, 155, 164, 182, 185–90, 193–95, 198, 201–204
widespread deaths in 1886–1887, 59–60
Champion, Nate, 60–61
Charlton, Richard, 41–43
Cheyenne, Wyo., 50–62, 66, 176–77, 190–92, 205
as Holy City of the Cow, 58, 66
as Magic City of the Plains, 53, 58
race relations in, 151
Cheyenne Club, 58–59
Cheyenne Daily Sun-Leader, 66–67, 72–73, 107, 151, 188, 198–99, 210
Cheyenne Frontier Days, 1–2, 4, 49–50, 110–12, 141–44, 152–53, 164, 176–80, 185–95, 197–204, 210–11
Archie Ka‘au‘a at, 2, 4, 164–65, 182–83, 187, 192–95, 198–99, 201–203, 205–13
bronco riding at, 185–87, 199–201
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West at, 50, 105–106
Eben Low at, 141, 159
experimentation with events at, 110–11
first (1897), 67–74
Horn at, 112
Ikua Purdy at, 1, 2, 4, 164–65, 182–83, 187, 192, 193, 195, 198–99, 201–204, 205–13, 215
Jack Low at, 2, 164–65, 182–83, 187–89, 193, 198–99, 204, 205–13
Kaepernick at, 145–46, 148–49
McPhee at, 155–57
Native Americans at, 105–106, 142–43
Pickett at, 149–52, 181
Roosevelt at, 141–42, 154
second (1898), 101, 104–105
Steamboat at, 153–54, 179, 199–200, 210
steer roping at, 185–90, 193–95, 198, 201–204
wolf roping at, 192
women bronco fighters at, 147–48
Chicago, World’s Columbian Exposition in, 109
China, 18–19, 23, 82, 82n
Chinese immigrants, 173–74
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 174–76
Civil War, 52, 53, 56, 65, 98
Clark, Hugh, 193, 201–204, 208
Cody, Isaac, 97–98
Cody, Mary, 97
Cody, William Frederick “Buffalo Bill,” 2, 50, 97–101, 130, 164, 191, 211
birth of, 97
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West, 50, 99–100, 105–106, 146, 155–56
buffalo hunting of, 98
Native Americans and, 97, 99, 100, 105–107
Colorado Humane Society, 73
Columbus, Christopher, 11, 52
Cook, James, 11–15, 19, 22
Cortés, Hernán, 7
Cowboy Carnival, 137–40
cowboys, 3, 39, 96
African American, 149–50
and cattle deaths during 1886–1887, 59–60
cattle drives and, 56–57
Hawaiian, see paniolo
rodeos and, see rodeos
in Spanish Mexico, 36–37
vaqueros, 35–39, 56, 64, 88, 122, 172
cowgirls, 146–49
Cuba, 3, 104, 156
Custer, Elizabeth, 100
Custer, George Armstrong, 98–100, 105, 142
Daily Sun-Leader, 50
Dallas Morning News, 136
Danks, Clayton, 142, 154–55, 186, 187, 199–201, 210, 211
Danks, Marie, 192
Deer Trail, Colo., 64
Denver, Colo., 54, 64, 66, 69, 74
Denver Post, 153, 192
Denver Times, 155, 178
Dickerson, Pete, 189–90, 193, 201–204, 211
dime novels, 99
Discovery, HMS, 7–8, 13, 16
divorce laws, 145
Dodge, John, 154–55
Dog Soldiers, 105
Dole, Sanford B., 103, 133–36
Dole Food, 133n
Donner Pass, 173
Douglas, David, 30–31
Duarte, Myron, 219
Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 45
Englishwoman in America, The (Bird), 81
Fields, Stagecoach Mary, 150–51
Follis, Charles, 181
Ford, Barney, 151
Fort Russell, 54, 69, 151
Fourth of July, 64–65, 66, 131–32
France, 12
French, William, 33
frontier, 68, 101, 144
Frontier Days (Cheyenne, Wyo.), see Cheyenne Frontier Days
Frontier Days Rodeo (Prescott, Ariz.), 65
Front Range of the Rockies, 4
fur trade, 19, 36n, 109n
Gans, Joe, 181
Gardenshire, Emilnie, 64–65
Guam, 3
Gurney, Ned, 30–31
hānai, 133
haole, 83, 133
Hardy, A. H., 185–86
Harper’s Magazine, 37
Harper’s Weekly, 144
Harrison, Benjamin, 102
Hawaii:
adoption in, 133
Britain and, 3, 8–9, 11–17, 42–43
cattle in, see cattle in Hawaii
cultural identity of, 3, 11, 44, 165, 212
diseases in, 101n, 175
first known contact with outside world, 11–12
first people on, 11
flora and fauna of, 10–11
horses in, 38, 85–86, 130
immigrants in, 82–83, 131
increase in ships arriving in, 26
isolation of, 3, 10
land and property ownership in, 40–44
landscape of, 9–10, 14, 24
Mauna Kea in, see Mauna Kea
Mauna Loa in, 9, 79
missionaries in, 26, 32, 33, 44, 212
monarchy in, 2, 28, 33–34, 35, 41–43, 45, 103, 104, 109, 117, 133
paniolo in, see paniolo
sandalwood trade of, 18–19, 26, 28
as Sandwich Islands, 8, 12, 14
size of, 9
sugar industry in, 82–83, 85
U.S. and, 17, 28, 44–45
U.S. annexation of, 2–3, 46, 101–104, 107–108, 131, 133, 136, 164, 165, 212
vaqueros in, 35–39
volcanoes of, 9–10
voting rights in, 102
Waimea, see Waimea
water sources in, 89
World’s Columbian Exposition exhibit on, 109
Hawaiian cowboys:
fur trade workers as, 36n
see also paniolo
Hawaiian Jockey Club, 130
Hawaiian music, 197–98
Hawaiian Star, 92, 209, 212
Hawaii Pineapple Company, 133n
Hell on Wheels, 52
Hickok, Wild Bill, 54
Hilo, 82, 85, 131, 163
Holliday, Doc, 54
Honolulu Advertiser, 138, 140, 214
Horn, Tom, 112–13
horses, 38, 70
breaking of, 122
bronco riding, 66–67, 71–73, 146–48, 155, 185–87
in herding cattle into the ocean, 91
racing of, 70, 71, 130
riding of, 85–86, 130
Steamboat, 153–54, 179, 199–200, 210
hula dancing, 109, 198
imperialism, 3, 28, 43, 212, 218
of Britain, 8–9, 12, 14, 15
of U.S., 22, 101–102, 104
‘Iolani Palace, 102, 104
Iosepa, Utah, 174–75
Irwin, C.B., 155, 179–80, 193, 205
Japan, 82, 83
Jefferson, Thomas, 22
Johnson, Britt, 150n
Johnson, Jack, 181
Johnson County War, 60–61
Jones, Al, 150
Jones, Bill, 72–73
Jones, John Coffin, 41–42
Ka‘au‘a, Archie, 138, 140, 163–64, 205, 206, 208, 212
arrival in U.S. for Frontier Days, 170–76, 179–80, 182
on cattle hunt, 116, 118
death of, 214
at Frontier Days, 2, 4, 164–65, 182–83, 187, 192–95, 198–99, 202–203, 205–13
Kaepernick, Bertha, 145–46, 148–49
Kahanamoku, Duke, 181
Kamehameha I, King, 8, 13, 15–19, 27, 28, 32n, 41, 77–78, 124, 135
Parker and, 26–27
Kamehameha II, King, 32n
Kamehameha III, King, 32, 32n, 33, 35, 36n, 42, 43, 45, 46
Kamehameha IV, King, 46
Kamehameha Day, 130, 214
Kapahu, Jennie, 109
Kapi‘olani Park, 129, 138, 139, 161
Kauaihilo, Harriet Keonaonalaulani Purdy, 191n
Kekuku, Joseph, 197, 198
Keli‘ilike, Makai, 162, 163
Kipikane, Rachel, 27
Kūhiō, Jonah, 207, 209–10
Lahaina, 33, 82
lassos, 36–37, 86, 87, 160
leprosy, 175
Leslie’s, 111
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 11, 54
Lili‘uokalani, Queen, 102, 103, 108, 161, 197
Lincoln, Abraham, 52
Lindsay, George, 163
Louisiana Purchase, 22
Love, Nat, 150
Low, Clorinda, 133
Low, Eben, 93–96, 115–21, 123–27, 132–39, 141–43, 155–57, 159, 160, 163–65, 185, 187, 206–208, 213–15, 221
accident and loss of hand, 119–20, 125–27, 132, 135, 188, 214, 220
death of, 214–15
at Frontier Days, 141, 159
rodeos and carnivals organized by, 137–40, 159–63
Roosevelt and, 136–37
schemes and businesses of, 135–36
Low, Elizabeth “Lizzie,” 132–36, 143
Low, Emily, 170, 171, 174, 179, 197, 205
Low, Jack, 134–35, 205, 212
arrival in U.S. for Frontier Days, 170–76, 179–80, 182
on cattle hunt, 116–18, 120, 126
death of, 214
at Frontier Days, 2, 164–65, 182–83, 187–89, 193, 198–99, 204, 205–13
Lua o Milu, 125
Lyman, Clarence, 204
MacPhee, Angus, 4, 155–57, 159–64, 187, 212–14
MacPhee, Della, 162
MacPhee, Inez, 162
Makalena, George, 108
Mānā, 47–48, 77, 121, 125, 126
Manifest Destiny, 22, 46, 101, 104
Marín, Francisco de Paula, 25
Mauna Kea, 9, 24, 25, 31, 37, 40, 78, 83, 93–94, 115, 125, 131, 35, 172, 173, 213, 217, 220
Mauna Loa, 9, 79
McKinley, William, 141
measles, 101n
Menzies, Archibald, 16, 17
Mexican-American War, 36–37
missionaries, 26, 32, 33, 44, 212
Molokai, 175
Mormons, 174–76
Morris, Esther Hobart, 144–45
Mulhall, Lucille, 147
Native Americans, 2, 3, 51–54, 56, 66, 106–107, 142–43
in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West, 99, 100, 105–106
Cody and, 97, 99, 100, 105–107
at Frontier Days, 105–106, 142–43
on reservations, 105, 106
U.S. Army and, 97
Newlands Resolution, 101
New Spain, 7, 38, 64
New York World, 147
Nicholson, Lillie, 192
Oakley, Annie, 2, 99, 100, 146–47
Old Glory Blowout, 65
Olmsted, Francis Allyn, 37, 39, 87
Olympic Games, 63, 181
Oregon Trail, 69
Overland Limited, 171–75, 205
Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 160, 206, 213
Paka, Iolai “July” Kealoha, 197–98
Paka, “Toots,” 197–98
paniolo, 2, 3, 39, 48, 81, 83–96, 122, 136, 188–89, 217–22
in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West, 107–108
bullock hunting by, 86–88
on cattle drives, 88–90
cattle herded into ocean by, 90–92, 160
clothing of, 86
language and, 84
lassos of, 86, 87
pansy symbol of, 77n
ranches and, 83–85
in riding and roping contests, 130–32
temperament of, 160
and U.S. annexation of Hawaii, 103
water sources and, 89
see also Ka‘au‘a, Archie; Low, Jack; Purdy, Ikua
Paniolo Parade, 220
Parker, Ann, 21
Parker, George, 103
Parker, John, Jr., 121
Parker, John Palmer, 21–30, 33, 40–41, 43, 77, 93, 124, 134, 217
death of, 48
Kamehameha and, 26–27
Purdy and, 40
Parker, Mary, 47n
Parker, Sam (grandson of John Palmer Parker), 91–92, 102, 121, 134–35
Parker, Samuel (father of John Palmer Parker), 21
Parker family, 77, 121
Mānā residence of, 47–48, 77, 121, 125, 126
Parker Ranch, 47–48, 78, 93, 103, 117, 121–22, 131, 132, 137, 159, 163, 212, 214, 217
dispute over control of, 134–35, 138
Parker Ranch Center, 220
Paulet, George, 42–43
Pershing, John “Black Jack,” 151
Philippines, 3, 104, 156
Pickett, Bill, 149–52, 181
Pierce, Franklin, 46
Polynesia, 3, 11
Portugal, 82
Potter, Paulus, 59
Prescott, Ariz., 65
Puerto Rico, 3, 104
Purdy, George, 78
Purdy, Harry, 78
Purdy, Ikua, 77–78, 92, 103, 121–24, 138–40, 156, 159, 160, 162, 163, 205–208, 212–13, 215, 220
arrival in U.S. for Frontier Days, 170–76, 179–80, 182
birth of, 77
on cattle hunt, 116, 118
death of, 215
Eben Low and, 115–17, 120, 124–25, 127
at Frontier Days, 1, 2, 4, 164–65, 182–83, 187, 192, 193, 195, 198–99, 201–204, 205–13, 215
women and, 122
Purdy, Jack, 30, 40, 77–81, 94, 96, 217
Purdy, James, 78,
92, 94, 95
Purdy, John, 78
Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a, 134, 135, 137
race and racism, 3, 131, 143, 149, 151, 173–74, 180–81
railroads, 63–64, 66, 178
Overland Limited, 171–75, 205
Transcontinental Railroad, 52, 173
Union Pacific Railroad, 63, 69
ranches, ranching, 35, 37–39, 40, 58, 64, 83–85, 95, 96, 103, 121, 136, 218–19
Parker Ranch, see Parker Ranch
Reeves, Bass, 150n
Richards, William, 49
Richardson, Warren, 148
riding and roping contests, 130–32, 164, 182
at Frontier Days, 185–90, 193–95, 198, 201–204
rules for, 139–40
see also rodeos
rodeos, 3, 4, 9, 38, 63–67, 96, 132, 219
African Americans in, 150
bronco riding in, 66–67, 71–72, 146–48, 155
cattle-roping contests in, 155, 164, 182
Cowboy Carnival, 137–40
Cheyenne Frontier Days, see Cheyenne Frontier Days
Eben Low’s organizing of, 137–40, 159–63
first organized, 64–65
Frontier Days Rodeo in Prescott, 65
po‘o wai u, 219
at Swan ranch, 66
women in, 146, 147
see also Wild West shows
Rogers, Will, 147
Roosevelt, Theodore “Teddy,” 2, 101, 136–37, 147, 156, 177, 209–10
at Frontier Days, 141–42, 154
Rough Riders, 156
Sacramento, Calif., 172–73
Salt Lake City, Utah, 174–75
sandalwood, 18–19, 26, 28
San Francisco, Calif., 169–71
San Francisco Call, 170, 173
Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of, 12
Sandwich Islands, 8, 12, 14
Scouts of the Prairie, The; or, Red Deviltry As It Is, 98
Seamen’s Hospital, 33
Searchers, The, 150n
sharks, 91–92
“Shy Ann,” 111
Sierra Nevada, 173
Skull Valley, Utah, 174–75
slavery, 97–98, 149
smallpox, 101n
Smith, Joseph, 174
Smith, Joseph F., 174
Solano, 172
Spain, 3, 7–8, 12
Spanish-American War, 100–101, 104, 169
Springfield, Ill., 180–81
Stanford, Leland, 52
Stanley, Dick, 186–87, 199–201, 210–11
Starr, Bert, 177
Steamboat, 153–54, 179, 199–200, 210
Stevens, John L., 102
Stone, E. W., 164
sugar, 82–83, 85
Sun Yat-sen, 82n
Sutter, John, 172
Swan Land and Cattle Company, 66