842 “what was best to be done”: Nathanael Greene to Henry Knox, November [17], 1776, in PNG, I, 352.
843 “There we all stood”: Ibid.
844 “every obstacle was swept aside”: “The Capture of Fort Washington, New York. Described by Cpt. Andreas Wiederhold,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, XXIII (1899), 96.
845 “At last, however”: Henry P. Johnston, The Battle of Harlem Heights, September 16, 1776 (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1897), 230.
846 “surmounted every difficulty”: James Grant to Richard Rigby, November 22, 1776, James Grant Papers, LOC.
847 “Before I was near the fort”: John Adlum, Memoirs of the Life of John Adlum in the Revolutionary War, Howard H. Peckham, ed. (Chicago: Caxton Club, 1968), 69–70.
848 “indifferently clothed”: Frederick Mackenzie, Diary of Frederick Mackenzie, I (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1930), 111–112.
849 “They had been pretty well pelted”: James Grant to Richard Rigby, November 22, 1776, James Grant Papers, LOC.
850 “The carnage would then have been dreadful”: Frederick Mackenzie, Diary of Frederick Mackenzie, I (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1930), 110.
851 “I am wearied almost to death”: George Washington to John Washington, November 6–9, 1776, in PGW, VII, 105.
852 “I feel mad, vexed, sick”: Nathanael Greene to Henry Knox, Nov. [17], 1776, in PNG, I, 352.
853 “I must entreat”: George H. Moore, The Treason of Charles Lee (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1970), 42.
854 “Draw off the garrison”: Ibid.
855 “Had I the powers”: Ibid.
856 “why would you be over-persuaded”: Charles Lee to George Washington, November 19, 1776, in PGW, VII, 187.
7. Darkest Hour
857 “dead flat”: George Washington to Charles Lee, November 21, 1776, in PGW, VII, 193.
858 “I saw him…at the head”: Arthur S. Lefkowitz, The Long Retreat: The Calamitous American Defense of New Jersey, 1776 (Metuchen, N.J.: Upland Press, 1998), 82.
859 “A deportment so firm”: Ibid.
860 “broken and disspirited”: George Washington to Charles Lee, in PGW, VII, 193.
861 dictated to Joseph Reed: Ibid., 195.
862 “most earnestly”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, November 30, 1776, in PGW, VII, 238, n. 1.
863 “My neck does not feel”: William S. Stryker, Battles of Trenton and Princeton (Trenton: Old Barracks Association, 2001), 5.
864 “critical state of our affairs”: John Hancock to George Washington, November 24, 1776, in PGW, VII, 203.
865 “divided and lethargic”: Thomas Mifflin to George Washington, November 26, 1776, in PGW, VII, 219.
866 “The sufferings we endured”: William M. Dwyer, The Day Is Ours: November 1776–January 1977 (New York: Viking Press, 1983), 41.
867 “I can only say”: Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed., Correspondence and Journals of Samuel Blachley Webb, 1772–1775, I (Lancaster, Pa.: Wickersham Press, 1893), 172.
868 “Common Sense and Col. Snarl”: PNG, I, 330.
869 “passion of patriotism”: David Freeman Hawke, Paine (New York: Harper & Row, 1974), 59.
870 “These are the times”: Ibid.
871 “safe and secure route”: George Washington to Charles Lee, November 24, 1776, in PGW, VII, 210.
872 “The fact is”: Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, The Spirit of ’Seventy-Six, I (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), 497.
873 “This, in all probability”: Sir Henry Clinton, The American Rebellion: Sir Henry Clinton’s Narrative of His Campaigns, 1775–1782, William B. Willcox, ed. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1954), 55.
874 true eighteenth-century English artistocrat: Franklin Wickwire and Mary Wickwire, Cornwallis: The American Adventure (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970), 8.
875 lost sight in one eye: Ibid., 7.
876 “I love that army”: Ibid., 75.
877 “All the army marched”: Archibald Robertson, Archibald Robertson: His Diaries and Sketches in America, 1762–1780 (New York: New York Public Library, 1930), 114.
878 “The enemy gave us”: George Washington to William Heath, November 29, 1776, in PGW, VII, 227–228.
879 “My former letters”: George Washington to Charles Lee, November 27, 1776, in PGW, VII, 224.
880 “I received your most obliging”: Charles Lee to Joseph Reed, November 24, 1776, in PGW, VII, 237, n. 1.
882 “I was hurt not because”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, June 14, 1777, The Writings of George Washington, From the Original Manuscript Sources 1745–1799, VIII, John C. Fitzpatrick, ed. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933), 60.
883 “very good intelligence”: Pennsylvania Journal, November 27, 1776.
884 “much alarm”: Paul H. Smith, ed., Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774–1789, V (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1979), 543.
885 “torpor”: Ibid., 553.
886 “Oh how I feel for Washington”: Ibid., 558.
887 “I will not however despair”: George Washington to William Livingston, November 30, 1776, in PGW, VII, 236.
888 “Two brigades left us”: PNG, I, 362.
889 “or your arrival may be too late”: George Washington to Charles Lee, December 1, 1776, in PGW, VII, 249.
890 “The enemy are fast advancing”: George Washington to John Hancock, December 1, 1776, in PGW, VII, 244.
891 “totally inadequate”: Ibid.
892 “It being impossible”: George Washington to John Hancock, December 1, 1776, in PGW, VII, 245.
893 “When we left Brunswick”: PNG, I, 362.
894 “The inhabitants of Princeton”: Paul H. Smith, ed., Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774–1789, V (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1979), 581.
895 “I have not heard a word”: George Washington to John Hancock, December 3, 1776, in PGW, VII, 256.
896 “reap the benefit”: Peter Force, American Archives, 4th Series, V (Washington, D.C.: M. St. Clair and Peter Force, 1837–1853), 927–28.
897 “You can come down”: William M. Dwyer, The Day Is Ours: November 1776–January 1777, An Inside View of the Battles of Trenton and Princeton (New York: Viking Press, 1983), 77.
898 “to act at his own discretion”: Charles Stedman, The History of the Origin, Progress, and Termination of the American War, I (New York: Arno Press, 1969), 243.
899 “a cloud of dust”: Captain Johann Ewald, Diary of the American War: A Hessian Journal, Joseph P. Tustin, ed. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979), 18.
900 “We do not want to lose any men”: Ibid.
901 “of ending the war amicably”: Ibid., 25.
902 “It is said by some persons”: I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1929, I (New York: Arno Press, 1969), 1040.
903 “Scandalous behavior”: Stephen Kemble, Journals of Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen Kemble, 1773–1789, and British Army Orders: General Sir William Howe, 1775–1778; General Sir Henry Clinton, 1778; and General Daniel Jones, 1778 (Boston: Gregg Press, 1972), 98.
904 “[I] shudder for New Jersey”: Ibid.
905 “All the plantations in the vicinity”: Captain Johann Ewald, Diary of the American War, Joseph P. Tustin, ed. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979), 18.
906 “On this march”: Ibid., 22.
907 “The Hessians are more infamous”: Ambrose Serle, The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, Secretary to Lord Howe, 1776–1778, Edward H. Tatum, Jr., ed. (San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1940), 246.
908 “The friend and the foe”: Charles Stedman, History of the Origin, Progress, and Termination of the American War, I (New York: Arno Press, 1969), 242.
909 “They lead the relentless foreigners”: PNG, I, 368.
910 “The enemy’s ravages”: Nathanael Greene to Nicholas Cooke, January 10, 1777, in PNG, II, 4.
911 “Their footsteps are marked with destruction”: PNG, I, 365.
912 “But give me leave”: Robert J. Taylor, ed., Papers of John Adams, V (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1983), 95.
913 “The possession of Trenton”: Troyer Steele Anderson, The Command of the Howe Brothers During the American Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1936), 206.
914 “Our retreat should not be neglected”: PNG, I, 269.
915 “a grand but dreadful”: Lillian Miller, ed., The Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family, V (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2000), 50.
916 “With a handful of men”: Moncure Daniel Conway, Writings of Thomas Paine, I (New York: Putnam, 1894), 178.
917 “a combination of unlucky circumstances”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, December 8, 1776, NYHS.
918 “He was in an old dirty blanket”: Lillian B. Miller, ed., Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2000), 50.
919 “From several accounts”: George Washington to John Hancock, December 9, 1776, in PGW, VII, 283.
920 “Philadelphia beyond all question”: George Washington to Charles Lee, December 11, 1776, in PGW, VII, 301.
921 “in a very spirited manner”: George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., December 12, 1776, in PGW, VII, 321.
922 “General Lee…is on his march”: Ibid.
923 “Entre nous”: Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, The Spirit of ’Seventy-Six, I (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), 500.
924 “I ordered my men to fire”: Ibid., 502.
925 “unfortunate”: General James Wilkinson, Memoirs of My Own Times, I (Philadelphia: Abraham Small, 1816), 106.
926 “We have captured General Lee”: William M. Dwyer, The Day Is Ours: November 1776–January 1777 (New York: Viking Press, 1983), 150.
927 “This coup de main”: Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, eds., The Spirit of ’Seventy-Six, I (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), 503.
928 “combination of evils”: PNG, I, 368.
929 “this unhappy accident”: George Washington to James Bowdoin, December 18, 1776, in PGW, VII, 365.
930 “Unhappy man!”: George Washington to Lund Washington, December 10–17, 1776, in PGW, VII, 290.
931 “the weather”: William S. Stryker, Battles of Trenton and Princeton (Trenton: Old Barracks Association, 2001), 38.
932 “Sir William, he”: John R. Alden, A History of the American Revolution (New York: Knopf, 1969), 303.
933 “The Delaware now divides”: George Washington to James Bowdoin, December 18, 1776, in PGW, VII, 365.
934 “Strain every nerve”: George Washington to Israel Putnam, December 21, 1776, in PGW, VII, 405.
935 “Expense must not be spared”: George Washington to Brigadier Generals James Ewing, Hugh Mercer, Adam Stephen, and Lord Stirling, December 14, 1776, in PGW, VII, 332.
936 “Use every possible means”: George Washington to Lord Stirling, December 14, 1776, in PGW, VII, 339.
937 “General Howe is certainly”: John Cadwalader to George Washington, December 15, 1776, in PGW, VII, 342.
938 “Our only dependence”: George Washington to Lund Washington, December 10–17, 1776, in PGW, VII, 291.
939 “so destitute of shoes”: William Heath, Heath’s Memoirs of the American War (New York: A. Wessels Co., 1904), 107.
940 “We have been on the march”: Joseph Hodgkins to Sarah Hodgkins, December 20, 1776, in This Glorious Cause: The Adventures of Two Company Officers in Washington’s Army, Herbert T. Wade and Robert A. Lively, eds. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 227.
941 “the enemy being near”: Ibid., 228.
942 “Ice for a passage”: George Washington to Robert Morris, December 22, 1776, in PGW, VII, 412.
943 “the full confidence of his Excellency”: Nathanael Greene to Catharine Greene, January 20, 1777, in PNG, II, 7.
944 “His Excellency”: Nathanael Greene to Christopher Greene, January 20, 1777, in PNG, II, 8.
945 “I cannot desert a man”: William Tudor to Delia Jarvis, December 24, 1776, MHS.
946 “Will it not be possible”: Joseph Reed to George Washington, December 22, 1776, in PGW, VII, 415.
947 “lucky blow”: George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., December 14, 1776, in PGW, VII, 340.
948 hoped this was true: Robert Morris to George Washington, December 21, 1776, in PGW, VII, 404.
949 “For Heaven’s sake”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, December 23, 1776, in PGW, VII, 423.
950 “profound silence”: George Johnston to Leven Powell, December 29, 1776, in PGW, VII, 437, editorial note.
951 “much depressed”: George W. Corner, ed., The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1970), 124.
952 “affecting terms”: Ibid.
953 “Victory or Death”: Ibid., 125.
954 “I am determined”: George Washington to John Cadwalader, December 25, 1776, in PGW, VII, 439.
955 “I agree with you”: George Washington to Robert Morris, December 25, 1776, in PGW, VII, 439.
956 “extraordinary exertions”: General James Wilkinson, Memoirs of My Own Times, I (Philadelphia: Abraham Small, 1816), 128.
957 “almost incredible”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, December 28, 1776, NYHS.
958 “Over the river”: John Greenwood, The Revolutionary Services of John Greenwood, Isaac J. Greenwood, ed. (New York: De Vinne Press, 1922), 38–39.
959 it was three o’clock: George Washington to John Hancock, December 27, 1776, in PGW, VII, 454.
960 “I well knew we could not”: Ibid.
961 “and after two battalions”: William B. Reed, ed., Life and Correspondence of Joseph Reed, I (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston; 1847), 276.
962 “with the most profound silence”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, December 28, 1776, NYHS.
963 “I recollect very well”: John Greenwood, The Revolutionary Services of John Greenwood, Isaac J. Greenwood, ed. (New York: De Vinne Press, 1922), 39.
964 “in a deep and solemn voice”: William S. Powell, “A Connecticut Soldier Writing Home: Elisha Bostwick’s Memoirs of the First Years of the Revolution,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, VI (1949), 102.
965 “Tell the general to use”: William S. Stryker, Battles of Trenton and Princeton (Trenton: Old Barracks Association, 2001), 190.
966 “This was not unusual”: John Greenwood, The Revolutionary Services of John Greenwood, Isaac J. Greenwood, ed. (New York: De Vinne Press, 1922), 40.
967 criticized Rall after his death: Rodney Atwood, The Hessians: Mercenaries from Hessian-Kassel in the American Revolution (Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1980), 89.
968 “We have not slept one night”: William S. Stryker, Battles of Trenton and Princeton (Trenton: Old Barracks Association, 2001), 484.
969 “certain intelligence”: James Grant to General Harvey, December 26–27, 1776, LOC.
970 “equal to the attempt”: Ibid.
971 “The storm continued”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, December 28, 1776, NYHS.
972 “seemed to vie”: George Washington to John Hancock, December 27, 1776, in PGW, VII, 456.
973 “in the twinkling of an eye”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, December 28, 1776, NYHS.
974 “The storm of nature”: Nathanael Greene to Catharine Greene, December 30, 1776, in PNG, I, 377.
975 “After having marched off”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, December 28, 1776, NYHS.
976 “The general, with the utmost sincerity”: George Washington, General Orders, December 27, 1776, in PGW, VII, 448.
977 “I am willing to go upon”: John Greenwood, The Revolutionary Services of John Greenwood, Isaac J. Greenwood, ed. (New York: De Vinne Press, 1922), 40.
978 “On my approach”: General
James Wilkinson, Memoirs of My Own Times, I (Philadelphia: Abraham Small, 1816), 131.
979 “The troops behaved”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, December 28, 1776, NYHS.
980 “I looked at him”: John Adlum, Memoirs of the Life of John Adlum in the Revolutionary War, Howard H. Peckham, ed. (Chicago: Caxton Club, 1968), 102.
981 “I did not wait”: Ibid., 102–103.
982 “It appears to us”: Executive Committee of the Continental Congress to George Washington, December 28, 1776, in PGW, VII, 465.
983 “But troops properly inspired”: John Hancock to George Washington, January 1, 1777, in PGW, VII, 505.
984 “ ’Tis an infamous business”: James Grant to General Harvey, December 26, 1776, LOC.
985 “as safe as you are in London”: Ibid.
986 his leave canceled: Franklin Wickwire and Mary Wickwire, Cornwallis: The American Adventure (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970), 95.
987 “I feel the inconvenience”: George Washington to John Hancock, January 1, 1777, in PGW, VII, 504.
988 “I thought it no time”: George Washington to the Executive Committee of the Continental Congress, January 1, 1777, in PGW, VII, 500.
989 “in the most affectionate manner”: Sergeant R——, “Battle of Princeton,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, XX (1896), 515–516.
990 “My brave fellows”: Ibid.
991 “God Almighty”: Nathanael Greene to Nicholas Cooke, January 10, 1777, in PNG, II, 4.
992 “use every endeavor”: John Hancock to George Washington, December 27, 1776, in PGW, VII, 462, n. 1.
993 “Happy it is for this country”: William S. Stryker, Battles of Trenton and Princeton (Trenton: Old Barracks Association, 2001), 244.
994 “Instead of thinking myself”: George Washington to Executive Committee of the Continental Congress, January 1, 1777, in PGW, VII, 500.
995 “The year 1776 is over”: Robert Morris to George Washington, January 1, 1777, in PGW, VII, 508.
996 “The enemy pushed our small party”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, January 7, 1777, NYHS.
997 “The American army”: George W. Corner, ed., The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1970), 128.
998 “If Washington is the general”: William S. Stryker, Battles of Trenton and Princeton (Trenton: Old Barracks Association, 2001), 268.