truth in sharing, 201
value of study, 205
Holt, John Rice, 173
homeless shelter, bible studies, vii
Honeywell, Roy, 52–53
Hooker, Richard, 120
Hooper, William, 89
Hoosier, Harry, 88, 172
Humanity, universal religion of, 186
Hume, David, 37, 167
Jefferson’s views on, 38
humor of Jefferson, 214
Humphreys, David, 23
Hunt, Gaillard, 33
Hutson, James, 207
I
Illinois, as antislavery state, 103, 105
illiteracy, historical, 204
In Search of Christian America, 209
Indiana, as antislavery state, 103, 105
Indians
Jefferson’s writings about Jesus for, 70
missionary school for Cherokees, 43, 135
individuality, 202
inductive thinking, 38
institutions, Deconstruction of, xvii
intellectual abilities of blacks, impact of conditions, 97–98
interdenominational cooperation, 46, 173
Unitarian emphasis on, 187
in Virginia, 171
Iredell, James, 35
Irvin, William, 157
J
Janicek, Zdenek, xiii
Jarratt, Devereaux, 171
Jefferson, Field, 9
Jefferson, Isaac, Memoirs of a Monticello Slave, 11
Jefferson, Jane, 4
Jefferson, Lucy Elizabeth I, 4
Jefferson, Lucy Elizabeth II, 4
Jefferson, Martha (“Patsy,” daughter), 4, 11–12, 170, 181
on Jefferson grief at wife’s death, 169
Jefferson, Martha (wife), 168
Jefferson, Mary (“Maria,” “Polly”), 4
death, 170
Jefferson, Randolph (brother of Tom), as likely father of Hemings children, 10–12
Jefferson, Thomas
as advocate for emancipation, 94
as ambassador to France, 4, 103, 169, 212
attitude toward Callender, 18
avoidance of negatives, 200
background, 33
biographies, 4, 201
cash shortage, 93
concerns over Missouri Compromise, 107–108
daughters, 4
Federalist criticism, 144, 145–147
financial records and church support, 158
granddaughter’s description, 213–214
grandson’s description, 200, 214
humility, 210–211
languages known, 79
letters by, 167
manners, 211–212
on moral teachings of Jesus, 78
non-participation in Constitution framing, 117–118
personal attacks against, 25
presidential election of 1800, 143–144
private life, 213
as Secretary of State, 142
as slave owner, 91
spiritual change in life, 167–168
titles of honor, xi
as vice president, 17
as visionary, xii
Jefferson Bible, 67–83
Jefferson Reorganization, 46
Jeroboam, 147
Jesus
Jefferson’s 1804 work about, 70, 72
Jefferson’s advice to Carr, 62–63
Jefferson’s writings on, 178
and the Trinity, 175
Jewish World Review, 13
Joshua, 199
K
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 111
Kaskaskia tribe, treaty with, 71–72, 135
Kennedy, Anthony, 137
Kennedy, John F., xii–xiii
Kentucky Abolition Society, 91, 106
Kentucky Resolution of 1798, 124
King, Martin Luther Jr., 112
Kings College, 45
Knox, Samuel, 45, 157
Kosinski, Jerzy, xiii
Kozyrev, Andrei, xiv
Kramnick, Isaac, The Godless Constitution, xxii
L
Lacey, John, 81
Lafayette, Marquis de, xii, 108
Latin Bible, 69
Laurens, John, 89
law religion, 161, 195
laws of nature, xxi, 35
Bible and, 62
Lee, Henry, 23
Lee, Richard Henry, 33, 89
Leland, John
financial support from Jefferson, 158
giant cheese gift for Jefferson, 150–151
on priestcraft, 159
support for Jefferson, 149–150
Lemen, James, 104–105, 106
Levy, Leonard, 32, 46–47
Lewis, Jan, 15
Libertines, 60
liberty, xiii
Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth (Jefferson), 74–82
congressional resolution for government printing, 81
presentation to senators and representatives at swearing in, 82
Lincoln, Abraham, 110–111
Lincoln, Levi, 187
Linn, William, 70, 146
Locke, John, 37, 38, 40–41
Lossing, Benson, xiv
Louisiana Territory
Christian school, 135
purchase, 43
Lyons, Stephen, 85–86
M
Madison, James, 33, 107
Callender correspondence to, 17
Callender’s accusations against, 23
on Hume, 37
meeting with Callender, 19
record of Christian theological writings, 53–54
Malone, Dumas, 74, 207
Callender description by, 24
on faith of Jefferson, 190
on personal attacks of Jefferson, 25
Marine Band, at Capitol worship, 134
marriage, Jefferson’s bill for protecting, 132
Marsden, George, 33
Marsh v. Chambers (1983), 137
Marshall, Thurgood, 137
Martin, Benjamin Ellis, 24
Martin, Luther, 87
Mason, George, 33, 89
Mason, John, 146–147
Massachusetts
abolition of slavery in, 101
witch trials, xvii–xviii, 218n34
math instruction, 205
Mather, Increase, xvii
Maury, James Fontaine, 33
Maury, Matthew, 158
May, Samuel, 186
Mayer, David, 2
Mayflower Compact of 1620, ix
McCormick, Andrew, 158
McCullough, David, 207
Memoirs of a Monticello Slave (Isaac Jefferson), 11
Memoirs of His Life (Jefferson), 110
Methodists, xx
decline in Virginia, 173–174
“Republican Methodists,” 152
traveling clergy, 156
in Virginia, 171
Meunier, Louis Dominique de, 103
Michigan, as antislavery state, 103
Middle colonies, racial views, 89
Miller, John C., 24
Miller, Samuel, 70, 157
Minimalism, xxi–xxii, 74, 77, 149, 162, 197–198
definition of history and, 210
remedy for, 207–208
Minnesota, as antislavery state, 103
miracles, in Jefferson’s writings about Jesus, 73, 80
missionary efforts to Indians, Jefferson and, 71–72, 135
Missouri Compromise, 111
and slavery expansion, 107
Modernism, xx–xxi, 74, 76, 142, 197
antidote to, 203–207
definition of history and, 210
monarchy, clergy support for, 160
money devaluation, and Jefferson cash shortage, 93
Monroe, James, 17
Jefferson’s letter on Callender, 26–27
meeting with Callender, 19–20
Mon
tesquieu, Charles, 37
Moore, Jeremiah, 157
Jefferson communication with, 162–163
Moore, Laurence, The Godless Constitution, xxii
moral teachings
Jefferson’s study of, 74–82
of Jesus, Jefferson on, 78
Unitarian emphasis on, 186
Morris, Gouverneur, 135
Morris, Governor, 86–87
mulatto, 28–30
N
Nashoba, Tennessee, 108
Nature, 6, 12
nature, laws of, xxi, 35
Bible and, 62
Negro President (Wills), 85–86
Nelson, Thomas, 33
New England
clergy opposition to Jefferson, 149
religious freedom vs. state-established denomination, 156–157
New Hampshire, abolition of slavery in, 101
New Jersey, abolition of slavery in, 101
New York, abolition of slavery in, 101
Newton, Isaac, 38
theological works, 39–40
“No Child Left Behind,” 204
North vs. South, Jefferson’s observations, 142–143
Northern colonies
Jefferson’s description, 90–91
roles of blacks in, 88
Northwest Ordinance, antislavery
proposal in, 103
Northwest Territory, slavery banned from, 107
Notes on Religion (Jefferson), 168
Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 96–97, 99, 102
O
Ocellus, 74
Ohio, as antislavery state, 103, 105
O’Kelly, James, 152, 174, 175, 176, 188–189
Old Testament
de-emphasizing, 179–182
Jefferson’s views of, 182
Onuf, Peter, 15
original source materials. See primary source documentation
Otto III (Roman Emperor), 120
oversimplification, xxi, 197–198
P
Padover, Saul, 149
Paine, Thomas, 209
Parker, Theodore, 185
passion, 201
past, understanding, 203
paternity DNA testing, 8–9
Paul, 208–209
as corruptor of Jesus’ teachings, 180
PBS Frontline, 12
peer review, 198
Penn, William, 121
Pennsylvania, abolition of slavery in, 101
Peterson, Merrill, 23–24
The Philosophy of Jesus of Nazareth
(Jefferson), 70, 73
Jefferson’s description, 79
Pilgrims, 121
Plato, 74, 76
Platonists, 77, 235n50
Plotinists, 77, 235n50
Poland, xiii
political parties, 142
The Political Progress of Great Britain (Callender), 16
political writings of Jefferson, religious terms in, 155
Poststructuralism, xviii–xix, 197
definition of history and, 209–210
remedy for, 202–203
Powell, Colin, 112
powers reserved to states, 138
practical Christianity, 171
prayer, 191
absence of national proclamations by Jefferson, 137–138
Jefferson’s call for public day of, 130, 132
Presbyterians, 45, 171, 173
Jefferson denunciation of, 182–183
presidential documents, Jefferson’s closing for, 136
presidential election of 1800, 143–144
Presidents
federal prayer proclamations, 139
sexual indiscretions, 2
Price, Richard, 90, 130
Review of the Principal Questions in Morals, 75
priestcraft, 159–160
Priestly, Joseph, 119
primary source documentation, xxiii, 207
vs. modern experts, 209
Primitivism
Jefferson’s writings on, 177–178
rejection of church practices, 176
Princeton University, 45, 75
Principia (Newton), 40
Protestant Episcopal Church, Jefferson support of, 153–154
pseudo-evangelists, 63, 64
psychohistory, 27
public arena, religious expressions in, 130
Purity, Age of, 119
Pythagoras, 74, 77
Q
Quakers, 171
in abolition movement, 172
Queens College, 45
R
racism, in Southern colonies, 88–89
racist claims, 15, 86–113
Randall, Henry Stephens, 201
Randall, Willard Sterne, 30
Randolph, Edmund Jennings, 142
Randolph, Martha Jefferson, 11–12.
See also Jefferson, Martha (“Patsy,” daughter)
Randolph, Peyton, 33
Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, 81
Raynal, Guillaume Thomas François (Abbé), Jefferson criticism of, 38
reason, 63, 65
The Reasonableness of Christianity as Delivered in the Scriptures (Locke), 40
Recorder (Federalist newspaper), 20
Reformation, Age of, 119
Rehnquist, William, 71–72
Reid, Thomas, 34
religion, Supreme Court decisions citing Jefferson, 241n12
religious beliefs
government protection of, 125
North vs. South, 143
opinions on Jefferson’s, 165
religious careers, University of Virginia preferential treatment for those seeking, 56
religious freedom, vs. state established denomination, 156–157
religious instruction for Cherokees, 43
of Jefferson, 193–194
Jefferson support for school, 43
learning both sides, 59
at University of Virginia, 53–54
religious literature, court cases on permit to hand out, 245n69
religious privileges, government role, 123–125
representation in Congress, Three-Fifths clause and, 86
Republican Methodists, 152
Republican newspaper in Philadelphia, Callender job with, 16
Republican party, 142
Restoration Movement, 174
Jefferson and, 190
religious tenets, 176–177
Trinitarian branch, 189
Revelation, Jefferson’s opinion on, 180
revelation, law of, 35
Review of the Principal Questions in Morals (Price), 75
Rhode Island, abolition of slavery in, 101
Rice, John Holt, 50
Roman Catholic church, Jefferson support for construction, 135
Rudy, Willis, 32
Ruffner, William H., 57
Rush, Benjamin, xii, 52, 83, 144, 156– 157, 189, 190
Rutgers University, 45
Ryland, Robert, 57
S
Sabbath, Jefferson’s bill for preserving, 131–132
St. James Church of Northern Parish (Anglican), 33
Salem, Peter, 88
Sanford, Charles, 73
“Scholars Commission,” 2
Scholastics, 77, 235n50
Science, 1
scientific method, 38
Scopes trial (1925), 204
Scottish Common Sense philosophy, 33, 34, 42, 61
Blackstone and, 35
scriptures. See Bible
Second Great Awakening, 156, 173, 188
A Second Vindication of the Reasonableness of Christianity (Locke), 40
secular government, as Founding Fathers’ goal, xxii–xxiii
secular university, claim of University of Virginia as, 31–66
secularists
definition, 115
tendencies in history textbooks, 201
Sedgwick, Theodore, 133
Sedition Law, Callender conviction
of, 17
Seneca, 74, 76, 77
Separate Baptists, 172
separation of church and state, vii, 115– 140, 195
claims of Jefferson as origin, 116
wall of, Jefferson and, 118–119, 125
Serious Considerations on the Election of a President (Linn), 146
Servetus, 183
sexual morality, of Jefferson, 193
sexual relations, between white masters and black slaves, 220n10
Short, William, Jefferson’s letter to, 181–182
Skeptical Review, 160–161
slander, Jefferson reaction to, 25–26
slave owner, Jefferson as, xv, 91
slavery, Unitarian opposition to, 186
slaves
Constitutional Convention debate over counting in population, 86–87
Jefferson efforts for, 108
Jefferson’s bill emancipating all slaves born after act passage, 101
Jefferson’s payment for crops, 93
law banning importation, 104
representation in court by Jefferson, 100
sexual relations of masters with, 220n10
three-fifths vote, 86
Virginia bill banning importation, 101
Small, William, 33
Smith, Adam, Theory of Moral Sentiments, 75
Smith, Cotton Mather, criticism of Jefferson, 145
Smith, Edward, 57
Smith, Elias, 157, 174, 175, 184
Smith, Mary Bayard, 133–134
Smyth, Alexander, 180–181
Society of the United Brethren, 70
Socrates, 74, 76, 77
South America, Jefferson on political conditions, 161
South Carolina, 90
South, vs. North, Jefferson’s observations, 142–143
Southern colonies, racism, 88–89
Soviet Union, xiii–xiv
Spafford, Horatio, 160
Spanish America, 161
spellings, modern vs. colonial, ix
Stagyrites, 77, 235n50
states
abolition of slavery in, 101
powers reserved to, 138
stereotypes, xxi
Stiles, Ezra, xii, 60, 190
Stoddard, William, 168–169
Stone, Barton, 174, 175, 184
Sullivan, John, 212
“A Summary View of the Rights of British America” (Jefferson), 100
supernatural, in Jefferson’s writings about Jesus, 80
Synod of Carthage, 64
Synopsis of the Four Evangelists (Thomson), 79
T
Thatcher, Margaret, xiv, 202
Theory of Moral Sentiments (Smith), 75
Thomas, William H.B., 171
Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History (Brodie), 28
Thomas Jefferson-Sally Hemings: An American Controversy (Gordon-Reed), 14–15
Thomson, Charles, 79
Jefferson identifying as Christian, 189