definitions of, 69–70, 71
eternal damnation of nonbelievers for, 68
Singer, Margaret Thaler, 56–57
slavery, 9, 210
biblical defense of, 4, 5
Smith, Gerald L. K., 140
social-service grants, federal, 23–24, 216n
social welfare agencies, 12, 13, 23–24, 149, 182
Somalia, 29
Southern Baptist Convention, 10, 175, 186
purges within, 20
“Spirit of Disobedience, The: An Invitation to Resistance” (White), 21–22
Stanley, Charles, 175
State Department, U.S., 30
“State of Character” movement, 158–61
stem-cell research, 85
Stern, Fritz, 40
Stranger at the Gate: To Be Gay and Christian in America (White), 111
suicide, 35–36, 41–42, 49, 108, 112, 113, 122
suicide bombings, 137, 147–49, 193
sun worship, 128
Supreme Court, U.S., 61
abortion legalized by, 22, 109, 138–39
creationism teaching banned by, 119
dominionist judges in, 15
Surgeon General, U.S., 108
syncretism, xv
televangelists, 46, 61, 94, 95–97, 133, 167–84, 197
see also Crouch, Paul and Jan; Robertson, Pat
television, 10, 61, 85, 132, 177–78
10 Commandments, 3, 12, 152
on Alabama monument, 28–29
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 8
terrorism, 9, 21, 36, 211
Christian Right, 109–10
Theweleit, Klaus, 76
Thune, John, 23
Tillich, Paul, 70, 205
anti-Nazi stance of, 198–99
tithing, 12, 166
Toffler, Alvin, 205
tolerance, 6, 9, 10, 142, 199, 210–11
unlimited, paradox of, 1, 36–38
totalitarian movements, 8, 9, 19–20, 38, 59, 92, 178
big lie in, 118–19
elaborate spectacle employed by, 34
facts manipulated by, 117–19
Freud’s fear of, 86–88
language hijacked by, 16–18
love restricted by, 199–200
propaganda of, 19, 116, 118, 132
pseudoscience utilized by, 123
utopian promises of, 198, 209
Tribulation, 90, 186–87, 190
Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN), 167–84
emblem of, 173
extensive programming of, 174–75, 176–77
headquarters of, 178–79
miracles attested by, 167–74, 176, 177
revenue of, 176–77
24—hour “prayer line” of, 180–81
viewers’ contributions to, 173–74, 176, 177, 178, 181, 184
see also Crouch, Paul and Jan
Twain, Mark, 207–9
Tyrannosaurus rex, 116–17, 129–30
Tyson Foods, 22
Union of Concerned Scientists, 126
United Nations, 24, 190, 195
universities, 184, 195
German, Nazism accepted by, 198, 201
intelligent design courses in, 120
Ur-Fascism (Eternal Fascism), xv–xx
Varieties of Religious Experience, The (James), 59
Vietnam War, 2
Viguerie, Richard, 139
Virginia, 114
“Walking Where Jesus Walked” tours, 188
Wallace, Henry, 201–2
Wallis, Jim, 20
Wal-Mart, 22
war, xviii, xix, 27, 28–30, 189, 193
metaphors of, 33, 54–55, 82, 92, 146
in name of God, 6, 9, 35–36, 82, 87
paramilitary groups and, 29, 190
rhetoric of, 32–34, 74, 115, 122, 130, 138–39, 140, 145, 151–53, 161–65
see also apocalyptic violence
warrior cult, 28–29, 33–34, 82, 190
Waxman, Henry, 30
Weil, Simone, 150
welfare programs, 48–49, 157, 181, 215n
Whitcomb, John, 127–29
White, Curtis, 21–22
White, Mel, 110–14, 205
white nationalist groups, 47
white supremacy, 139–40, 203–4
Why Condoms Aren’t Safe (McIlhaney), 126
Winrod, Gerald B., 140
Women, Infants and Children Supplemental Nutrition Program, 46, 217n
women, subjugation of, 4, 211
in dominionism, 12, 13, 24
by male church leaders, 76–81, 83, 85–89, 92–94
romantic love as disruptive of, 86
Wright, Frank, 141–43
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Copyright © 2006 by Chris Hedges
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The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows:
Hedges, Chris.
American fascists : the Christian Right and the war on America / Chris Hedges.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Fascism—United States. 2. Fundamentalism—United States.
3. Conservatism—Religious aspects—Christianity. I. Title.
JC481.H38 2007
322/.10973—dc22 2006047123
ISBN-13: 978-0-7432-8443-1
ISBN-10: 0-7432-8443-7
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ISBN-10: 0-7432-8446-1 (pbk)
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The author gratefully acknowledges the kind permission of Harcourt to reprint Eternal Fascism: Fourteen Ways of Looking at a Blackshirt by Umberto Eco from Five Moral Pieces. Copyright © 2001 by Umberto Eco.
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