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    Possessed

    Page 25
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      Cooke, Alistair 3

      Coolidge effect 103, 146

      Coontz, S. 9

      co-operation 83, 160

      copyright 21

      countersignalling 98–9

      coverture 9, 11

      coveting 108–9

      Credit Suisse Bank 69

      crickets 30, 33

      Crockett, M. 82–3

      crowding out 86

      Crowshoe-Hirsch, H. 6

      Csikszentmihalyi, M. 159

      cultural differences 126–35

      Curtis, B. 124

      Cusso, M. 155

      Darwin, Charles 95

      Das Kapital, Marx 123

      Dawkins, Richard 34

      Deaton, A. 113

      declinism xiii–xv, 20

      demographic time bomb 16

      departure good 121

      depression 113, 149

      Dery, Wilhelmina 152

      Dickens, Charles 15, 91

      Dictator Game 73, 78, 84, 86

      Diderot, Denis 120–21

      Diderot effect 120–21

      Dittmar, H. 158

      divorce 12, 131

      dogs 30, 59–60, 65–6

      domestication 33, 66

      dowry

      system 10, 14–15

      deaths 16

      Duchamp, Marcel 49–50

      Dunbar, Robin 139

      Durrani, Nusrat 118

      earthquakes 84, 154–5

      Easterlin, R. 112

      Easterlin paradox 112–13

      eBay 146

      eminent domain 152

      Empire of Things, Trentmann 92

      endowment effect 142–5, 150

      envy 79, 99, 108–12, 115, 120, 164

      benign 108–12, 115, 164

      malicious 108–12, 115, 164

      Eterni.me 126

      evolution 18, 28–9, 38, 66, 76, 83, 94–5, 135, 139

      experiences 115–17

      extended self 122–3, 126, 150

      Extinction Rebellion xv

      Facebook 23–4, 98, 115, 126, 162

      Fagin 124

      fairness 69–72, 77, 80

      family annihilations 151

      Farage, Nigel 14

      Fechner, G. 136

      Festinger, L. 105

      fetishism 123–4

      fight or flight response 18

      filial support laws 14

      Financial Times 112

      ‘finders keepers’ 2

      First World War 18, 154

      FOMO (fear of missing out) 162

      Forbes 23, 116

      Fountain, Duchamp 49–50

      Frank, R. H. 104

      Friedman, O. 57

      frontier spirit 130–31

      Furby, L. 51

      gambling 137–40

      Gates, Bill 90, 105, 160

      Gates, Jennifer 89

      Gates, Melissa 160

      gender 61–2, 158

      generosity 10, 37, 73–5, 78, 84, 100, 110

      genes 30, 34, 37, 64, 75, 94–5, 139, 149

      Geography of Thought, The, Nisbett 127

      Gift Relationship, The, Titmuss 85

      gifts 33, 35–6, 48, 75, 80, 85–6, 97–8

      Gilbert, D. xi

      Gilovich, T. 114

      Gini coefficient 111–12

      Gino, F. 98–9

      Giving Pledge, The 159

      Gjersoe, T. 64, 97

      Godesky, J. 45

      Golden Age 19, 93

      Gollum 124

      Gowdy, J. 45

      graffiti 47–8, 59

      Grande, Ariana 84

      Great Depression 93–4

      greed 79, 94, 124

      Gregory, A. 154

      grandparents 37–8

      Guardian 82

      guilt 65, 85–6, 98, 111, 163

      Gurlitt, C. 121–2

      habituation 102–3, 114, 148, 163

      Haidt, J. 18, 20

      happiness xi, xvi, 10, 66, 101–2, 115–17, 130, 137–8, 157–8, 163–4

      Hardin, G. 43, 46

      Harlow, H. 65

      Harvard 2, 81, 98

      hedonic adaptation 103, 141, 162–3

      hermit crabs 38

      Hitler, Adolf 73

      hoarding 79, 121, 124, 148–50

      Hobbes, Thomas 5, 92, 164

      Hobbit, The, Tolkien 124

      Holmes, Sherlock 57, 61

      ‘Homo Economicus’ 74–5, 81, 87

      Homo sapiens ix, 31

      honesty 77–8

      ‘honour’ killings 151

      Hood, Esmé 63

      Hood, Martha 64

      hotels 116

      hunter-gatherers 33, 40–41, 45, 60, 67, 80, 144–5, 160

      hygge 111

      illusion of control 138

      Impunity Game 83

      inconspicuous consumption 99

      individualism 127–34, 142–4, 151, 160, 162–3

      industrial revolution 15, 91–3, 165

      inequality 18–19, 69–72, 120

      infants 40, 51–3, 56–8, 60, 62, 65, 67, 70, 85, 120, 122

      Inglehart, R. 19

      inheritance 34–8, 60, 73, 160–61, 163

      insurance xi, 34, 118–19

      Instagram 115, 123, 162

      interdependence 67, 76, 127

      introspection 136

      isolation 105

      Jackson, Samuel L. 48

      Jacobs, J. 23

      James, William 119, 122, 146

      job satisfaction 29

      Jordan, Michael 106

      jus abutendi 3, 45, 151

      Kahneman, D. 113, 135–7, 141–2

      Kanngiesser, P. 32

      Kelo, S. 151

      Kent, F. 110

      kin selection 75–6

      King, B. B. 122

      Kinnernet 118

      Knutson, B. 146–7

      Lacoste 96

      lagom 111

      Law of Jante 111

      Lee, A. 64

      libertarianism 152

      Little Dorrit, Dickens 91

      Locke, John 5–7, 120

      Loftus, E. 114

      Lord of the Rings trilogy, Tolkein 124

      loss aversion 136, 139

      Louis Vuitton 99

      Lloyd, William Forster 44

      luxury 96–101, 105–7, 114–15, 121, 133

      macaques 39, 65

      Maddux, W. 142, 144

      magical thinking 124–5

      marriage 9–13, 15, 34

      Martin, C. 61

      Marx, Karl 92, 123

      materialism xi, 46, 131, 157–8

      McCracken, G. 121

      McDonald’s 119

      memory 114–15, 125–6, 133, 144

      Mencken, H. L. 29

      meritocracy 71, 130, 162–3

      meta-analyses 158

      Meyers, S. 110

      Midas, King x, 49, 124

      Mill, John Stuart 135

      Milner, P. 147

      Minuit, Peter 5

      moral self-licensing 79

      motivation xvi, 43, 71, 82, 86, 100, 109, 132, 146–7, 157–8, 160–61

      MTV 118

      Mueller, E. 53

      murder 15, 106, 150

      Mussolini, Benito 17, 73

      National Health Service 72, 86

      natural selection 28, 95

      Nazis 18

      Neanderthals 32–3

      Neistat, C. 41

      New York Times 89, 152

      Nike 106

      Nisbett, R. 127

      Nobel prize 124, 135, 141

      Norris, P. 20

      Novak, M. 81

      Obama, Barack 69

      Olds, J. 147

      Oliver Twist, Dickens 91, 124

      Olympics 104

      Oswald, A. 112–13

      ownership

      art 47–52, 58–9, 63, 67, 121–2

      association 56–7

      bodies 3, 23

      cars xi–xii, 26–7, 99, 104, 106, 142, 159

      children 12–16, 119

      conscious 60

      control 52–3, 60, 67, 72, 82–3, 120, 156–7

      defending 55

     
    ; houses 93–4, 119–20, 150–54

      identity xi, 33, 51, 57, 61–2, 67, 109, 115, 122, 133, 134, 149, 151, 154–7

      intellectual property 22–3, 67

      land 67, 91, 119–20, 153–7

      language 54, 56–7

      medicines 6

      mutual/joint 2, 82

      organs 2, 13

      personal data 23–5, 126

      pets 60

      psychological 26–7, 46, 66

      sentimental 65

      slaves 6–9

      software 6

      toys 53, 57, 61–2, 64–5, 143–4

      wives 9–13, 119

      Pape, R. 17

      parents 9, 12–15, 19, 34–8, 51–5, 58, 61–3, 67, 79, 87, 114, 121, 131–2, 161

      Parkinson’s disease 147

      partible paternity 37

      peacocks 94–6

      peekaboo 52

      Pfizer 151–2

      Piaget, Jean 51, 132

      Picasso, Pablo 49

      Pierce, J. 26

      Pinker, Steven xiv

      Plato 4, 92, 120

      Playing Darts with a Rembrandt, Sax 3

      political populism 17–18, 21, 72, 82–3

      Pollock, J. 59

      Pollyanna principle 114

      Polynesian fishermen 110–12

      pornography 103

      Porter, E. 114

      positional goods 105

      positive contagion 124

      possession 29, 32

      adverse 61

      possession – cont’d

      first rule 30–31, 95

      infants 51–3

      primates 32–3, 39, 61, 65,

      quarrels 53

      post-materialism 19–21

      poverty 8, 15, 69, 89, 91, 105, 107, 118, 137

      Prelinger, E. 122

      primates 32, 61, 65, 77,

      property x, xii, 3–12, 30, 33, 38–43, 48, 51, 54–6, 58–61, 67, 120, 150–53

      digital 23

      intellectual 21–4, 49

      virtual 23

      prospect theory 141–2, 150

      Prudential 34

      psychographics 24

      psychophysics 136

      pufferfish 32, 95

      Pulp Fiction 48

      punishment xv, 3, 7–8, 39–43, 78, 80–82, 86, 140, 147

      rat race 163–4

      Reagan, Ronald 93

      reciprocal altruism 76, 160

      red sneaker effect 99

      Redfern report 13

      Reebok 99

      relative comparison 102–5

      religion 16, 18, 78–9, 108, 135, 156, 164

      reputation 54, 76, 82, 119, 132

      Rivera, Diego 3

      Rocky Horror Picture Show 147

      Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare 10

      Rose, Ruby 110

      Rousseau, J.-J. 38, 92

      Rozin, P. 155

      Ruble, D. 61

      Ryman, R. 59

      sacred value 155–7

      St Columba 22

      St Finnian 22

      salaries 29, 69, 71, 73, 91, 93, 100, 120, 109–10, 138

      Salvini, M. 17

      Sartre, J.-P. 120, 122, 146

      Sax, J. 3

      Scandinavia 5, 111–12, 134

      schadenfreude 108

      schizophrenia 52

      Schopenhauer, A. 162

      Second World War 19, 93, 112, 156

      security blankets 62–6

      self-concept/construal 67, 119, 125–35, 144, 157

      self-reference effect 133

      Seligman, M. 52

      sex 15, 20, 33, 95–6, 103, 123, 147

      Shakespeare, William 10

      sharing

      children 79, 84–5, 132

      collaboration 75–6, 83–4

      cultural differences 80, 132

      demand 41, 60, 144–5

      primates 75–7

      Sharon, Ariel 156

      Shavitt, S. 133

      Sheen, C. 97–8

      Shepherd, Cybill 99

      sibling rivalry 29

      signalling 95–100, 112

      silent revolution 19–20

      Smith, Adam 44, 74, 87, 89–90, 135, 161

      Smith, E. 100

      social

      comparison theory 105, 107, 161–2

      facilitation 104

      isolation 105

      ladder 89, 105, 110, 114

      media 115, 125, 160, 162

      peacocking 96, 115, 125, 162

      society 18, 20, 26, 28, 38, 42, 44, 67, 71–3, 79, 133–4, 159–63

      Sotheby’s 48–9

      Spinning Jenny 93

      Starmans, C. 70

      Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan 153

      status xi, 53, 92, 96, 98–100, 104–6, 117, 131, 133–4, 141, 157–8, 162

      Stenner, K. 18, 20

      Stone, Oliver 94

      storage 1–2, 119

      stress 8, 18, 64–5, 89, 113, 119

      ‘stubborn son law’ 15

      Stuffocation, Wallman 90

      suicide 2–3

      sumptuary laws 92

      SuperCooperators, Nowak 82

      System 1 and 2 thinking 136–7, 139–40, 145

      tall-poppy syndrome 110–11, 134

      Tarquin the Proud 110

      testosterone 96

      Thaler, R. 141–2

      Thatcher, Margaret 11, 93

      theft 39–41, 47, 118

      theory of mind 40, 55, 160

      Thinking, Fast and Slow, Kahneman 136

      Titmuss, R. 86

      toddlers 14, 40, 52–4, 57, 59, 61, 70, 144

      Tolkien, J. R. R. 124

      Tomasello, M. 76, 83

      Tommy Hilfiger 96

      tourism 116, 155

      trafficking 15

      tragedy of the commons 43–4, 81, 112

      transitional objects 62

      Travolta, John 48

      Trentmann, F. 92

      Trinity College, Cambridge 124

      Triplett, N. 28

      Trivers, R. 35–6

      Trump, Donald 17–19, 24, 72, 83, 90, 97, 130

      Turkle, S. 165

      Turner, F. J. 130

      turtles 100

      Tverksy, Amos 135–6, 141–2

      twins 63–4, 136, 139

      Tyntesfield House 90

      Ultimatum Game 80–83

      unemployment 165

      USA Today 110

      utilitarianism 152

      vampire bats 76–7, 100

      Veblen, Thorstein 94, 99

      Vidal, Gore 162

      virtue signalling 100

      Vohs, K. 124

      voodoo 64

      Wall Street 93–4

      Wallman, J. 90

      warm glow 85, 87

      Washington Post 152

      Wealth of Nations, The, Smith 44, 74, 112

      Weber, E. 136

      WEIRD 126, 158

      welfare 12, 35, 72

      Weltzien, S. 73–4, 127, 132, 144

      whales 76

      Whisnant, S. 1–2

      White, R. 51

      White, W. 124

      Williard, D. 35–6

      Winnicott, D. 62

      Wolcott, R. 165

      wolves 30, 66, 75

      Wood, J. 1

      Worldwatch Institute xii

      Yadav, B. S. 89, 106

      YouGov 20

      Zuckerberg, Mark 98, 105

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      First published 2019

      Copyright © Bruce Hood, 2019

      The moral right of the author has been asserted

      Cover photo © Bela

      Borsodi/Trunk Archive

      ISBN: 978-0-241-40996-1

      This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorized distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.

     

     

     



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