_______. Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767–1821. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.
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INDEX
Adams, John Quincy
election of 1824 and, 223–24
Ghent peace talks and, 59, 85–87, 136–37
Age of Jackson, 220
Alligator, USS, 111, 117–18
American Revolution, 1–3
Anaconda, HMS, 74
Armstrong, John, 48
appointed secretary of war, 20
British capture of Washington and, 64, 65
dismissal of, 66–67
orders Jackson to disband and disarm his militia, 20–22
army, British
Bladensburg, fighting at, 64–65
New Orleans, Battle of (See New Orleans, Battle of)
Washington, capture and burning of, 64–67
Army, U.S. See also specific militias
Bladensburg, fighting at, 64–65
Canadian campaign, 15–17, 27–28
Creek War, 31–46
defeat of Spanish/British forces at Pensacola, 81–85, 87–89
New Orleans, Battle of (See New Orleans, Battle of)
Baltimore, Battle of, 77–81, 93, 112–13
Baltimore Patriot and Evening Advertiser, 80
Barataria Bay, 67
Baratarian privateers, 57, 67–72
British attempt to recruit, 67–72
first battle of New Orleans and, 152
offer of allegiance accepted by Jackson, 134–36
pardons received by, 225
Bathurst, Earl, 138
battles. See specific battles
Bayou Bienvenue, 140, 141–43, 159, 227
Bayou Mazant, 142, 159
Beale, Thomas, 128
Beale’s Rifles, 128, 152, 153
Benton, Jesse, 29
Benton, Thomas Hart, 20, 29, 224
Bienville, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyn, sieur de, 55
Bladensburg, fighting at, 64–65
Blount, Willie, 18–19
Boston Evening Post, 15
Brazen, HMS, 213
Burroughs, E. N., 194
cajuns, 56
Canadian campaign, 15–17, 27–28
Carolina, USS, 160
continuing bombardment of British by, 162–63, 166
crew of, 160
destruction of, 167–69
first battle of New Orleans and, 149–50, 151
Carroll, William, 125, 173, 216
in duel, 29
postwar career of, 225
in Tennessee militia, 20
Carron, HMS, 61, 74
Castlereagh, Lord, 59, 60
Cherokee Indians, 7, 31–32, 33
Chesapeake (ship), 6–7
Chickasaw Indians, 7, 82
Childers, HMS, 74
Choctaw Indians, 7, 31–32, 33, 82, 88, 127, 163
Claiborne, William Charles Cole, 90
as governor, 57, 63, 98, 105
Jackson and, 98, 105, 174, 184
Jackson warns of potential attack, 63
Lafitte offers his services to, 72
postwar career of, 224
privateers and, 72, 134
Clay, Henry, 8
election of 1824 and, 223–24
Ghent peace talks and, 58–60, 85–87, 137, 157
Cochrane, Alexander Forrester Inglis, 91–95
blamed for defeat at New Orleans, 227
career of, 91–92
crossing of Lake Borgne and landing at Bayou Bienvenue, 130–33, 139–42
delivers troops that attack and burn Washington, 93
Fort Bowyer surrendered to, 211–13
ordered to end hostilities, 213
Pakenham and, 165–66
personal dislike of Americans of, 93–94
postwar career of, 226
size of force commanded by, 92–93
value of spoils of war and motivations of, 94
Cochrane, Charles, 93–94
Cockburn, George, 65, 66
Coffee, John, 173, 216
as brigadier general, 31
dispatched to Mobile to prevent potential British ground assault, 101–2
first battle of New Orleans and, 152, 153
Fort Barrancas defeat and, 88
joins Jackson’s forces for attack on Pensacola, 82
ordered to New Orleans, 125
postwar career of, 225
Tallushatchee, fighting at, 32–33
in Tennessee militia, 20, 31, 32–33, 38
Constitution, USS, 224–25
Creek Indians, 7, 25, 30, 31–32. See also Creek War
Creek War, 31–46
Fort Mims massacre and, 30, 33
Horseshoe Bend, Battle of, 41–45
Talladega, fighting at, 33–35
Tallushatchee, fighting at, 32–33
Treaty of Fort Jackson and, 47
Weatherford’s surrender, 45–47
Creoles, 57
Crockett, David, 32, 35, 41, 226
Daquin, Jean, 127
Davezac, Louise, 98–99
Dearborn, Henry, 17
Dickson, Alexander, 167
Dubourg, William, 203, 210
duels, Jackson’s, 28–30
Eaton, John Henry, 223
Embargo Act, 6
Eustis, William, 16–17, 20
Federalist Party, 6, 18
Federal Republican, 80
Florida
acquired from Spain, 223
Jackson’s attack on Pensacola (See Pensacola, Fl
orida)
Fort Barrancas, 84, 88–89
Fort Bowyer, 61–62, 73–77, 81, 211–13
Fort McHenry, 78–81, 93
Fort Mims massacre, 30, 33
Fort St. Leon, 105
Fort St. Philip, 104, 207–8
freemen, 126, 133
French and Indian War, 56
Gallatin, Albert, 58–59, 85–87
Gallatin (steamboat), 230–31
Ghent peace talks, 58–60, 85–87, 136–38, 156–57
Gibbs, Samuel, 171
death of, 198, 199
final battle of New Orleans and, 192–94, 198, 199
missing ladders and, 192–93
Giroud, Nicholas, 98
Gleig, George, 93, 219
in final battle of New Orleans, 195
on first assault on Jackson’s line, 173
on Lake Borgne traversal, 131
on New Year’s Eve battle, 180
on storms encountered in Gulf of Mexico, 107
at Villeré plantation, 144, 148, 152, 154–55, 163
Grand Terre Island, Louisiana, 67–68
Great Britain
agitation of Indian tribes by, 7
impressment of U.S. sailors by, 6
legitimacy of Louisiana Purchase questioned by, 13
War of 1812 (See War of 1812)
Hartford Convention, 87
Havre de Grace, Maryland, 28
Hermes, HMS, 61, 74–77
Hermitage, 33, 217
Horseshoe Bend, Battle of, 41–45
Houston, Sam, 44, 225–26
Hull, William, 16–17
impressment, 6
Jackson, Andrew, 19–20
American Revolution experiences of, 1–3
attends silver jubilee commemorating Battle of New Orleans, 229–31
career of, 10
Claiborne and, 98, 105, 174, 184
Creek War and, 31–46
death of, 232
defeats Spanish/British forces at Pensacola, 81–85, 87–89
desertion of troops and, 37–38
duels of, 28–30
earns “Old Hickory” nickname, 24
elected major general of Tennessee militia, 10–11
elected president (1828), 224
election of 1824 and, 223–24
finances of, 222
first assembly and training of militia, 19–20
as Florida territorial governor, 223
health problems of, 29–31, 34, 39, 95, 124, 222
as major general in U.S. Army, 48
march to Nashville and disbanding of militia, 20–24, 27
marriage of, 9–10
in Mobile, 49–50, 60–63, 81
mutiny halted by, 37–38
in New Orleans (See New Orleans, Battle of; New Orleans, Louisiana)
returns home, 217–18
Seminoles defeated by, 223
trek to New Orleans, 90, 96–97
youth of, 9
Jackson, Andrew, Jr. (adopted son), 21, 215, 222
Jackson, Andrew, Sr. (father), 2
Jackson, Elizabeth (mother), 2–3
Jackson, Hugh (brother), 2
Jackson, Lyncoya (adopted son), 33
Jackson, Rachel Donelson, 9–10, 95–96, 215–16, 230
Jackson, Robert (brother), 1–3
Jefferson, Thomas, 11–12, 16
Johnston, Angèle, 227
Jones, Thomas ap Catesby, 111–12, 114–16, 119–22, 225
Jugeat, Pierre, 127
Keane, John, 140, 165, 204
blamed for defeat at New Orleans, 227
in final battle of New Orleans, 194, 197
first assault on Jackson’s line and, 170–71
first battle of New Orleans and, 147–49, 155
postwar career of, 226
Kentucky militia, 183–84, 184
Key, Francis Scott, 77, 78–80
Lafitte, Jean, 68, 171–72
meets Jackson and offers allegiance, 134–36
pardon received by, 225
postwar activities of, 225
receives British offer to join forces, 69–72
warns Claiborne of British plans, 71–72
Lafitte, Pierre, 68, 152, 225
Lake Borgne, 227
attack route through, 130–33
fighting at, 112–22
Lambert, John
cease-fire requested by, 201–2
in final battle of New Orleans, 194
Fort Bowyer surrender and, 211–13
postwar career of, 226
Latour, Arsène Lacarrière, 101, 104, 105–6, 161, 176, 178, 183
Lawrence, William, 62, 75, 77, 212–13
Life of Andrew Jackson, Major-General in the Service of the United States, The (Reid and Eaton), 223
Livingston, Edward, 98–100, 171–72, 215, 224
Livingston, Louise, 215
Lockyer, Nicholas, 109
defeats Patterson and opens Lake Borgne for British, 113, 117–19, 120, 121
postwar career of, 226
relays British offer to Baratarian pirates, 68, 70
Louisiana, USS, 129–30, 160
continuing bombardment of British by, 162–63, 166
drafting of crew for, 130
first attack on Jackson’s line and, 173, 174–75
rowed to safety, 169–70
Louisiana militia, 104, 133, 145, 184, 185, 199, 200, 216
Louisiana Purchase, 11–12
Madison, James, 83
British capture of Washington and, 65
illness of, 28
invasion of Canada and, 15–17
popularity of, following War of 1812, 223
Treaty of Ghent and, 213–14
U.S. declaration of war and, 5
Manrique, Don Mateo González, 82, 84, 85, 88
Melville, Herman, 225
Mills, Clark, 232
Mississippi militia, 40, 184
Mississippi River, 12–13
Missouri River, 12–13
Mobile, Alabama
defeat of British at Fort Bowyer, 73–77
Jackson in, 49–50, 60–63, 81
Moby-Dick (Melville), 225
Monroe, James, 64
back-channel support for Jackson’s foray into Florida, 83–84
Louisiana Purchase and, 11–12
presidency of, 223
raises money for army, 89
as secretary of war, 67
Montgomery, Lemuel, 44
Morgan, David, 177
Morrell, Robert, 139
Mullins, Thomas, 193–94
Napoleon Bonaparte, 11, 12, 13, 48, 226
Narrative of the Life of David Crockett, of the State of Tennessee, A (Crockett), 226
National Intelligencer, 66
Navy, Royal
Baltimore and Fort McHenry attacked by, 78–80
blockade of American ports, 6, 7, 48
Cochrane in command of, 91–95
Fort Bowyer surrenders to, 211–13
Fort St. Philip fired on by, 207–8
in Gulf of Mexico, 107–9
Hermes destroyed and British repelled at Fort Bowyer, 74–77
impressment of sailors by, 6
in Jamaica, 91–92
Lake Borgne, fighting at, 112–22
meeting with Baratarian pirates, 67–72
New Orleans, Battle of (See also New Orleans, Battle of)
at Pensacola, 61, 82, 88
Navy, U.S.
Carolina, 149–50, 151, 160, 162–63, 166,
167–69
impressment of sailors by British, 6
Lake Borgne, fighting at, 112–22
Louisiana, 129–30, 160, 162–63, 166, 169–70, 173, 174–75
Patterson and, 109–12
size of, 7
New England, 8
Hartford Convention and, 87
opposition to war, 6, 18
refusal of militia to fight in Canada, 18
New Orleans, Battle of
American reinforcements in, 183–84
British crossing of Lake Borgne and landfall, 130–33, 139–42
British reinforcements, 182
British withdrawal, 208–9
casualties, 154–55, 180, 203–4
Choctaws and, 127, 163
critique of, 227–29
defensive line built, at Rodriguez Canal, 159–62, 176–77, 184–85
final battle, 189–205
first assault on Jackson’s lines, 170–75
first battle of, at Villeré plantation, 147–56
freemen and, 126, 127
Jackson attends silver jubilee commemorating, 229–31
Jackson learns of British landing and plans attack, 144–46
Jackson positions troops in anticipation of, 133
Jackson’s failure to reinforce west bank, 186, 228
Lake Borgne, British defeat of U.S. gunboats on, 112–22
march from Florida to New Orleans, 90, 96–97
New Year’s Day artillery fight, 177–80
pirates and, 134–36, 185, 225
reconnoitering surroundings for, 100–106, 123–24
significance for U.S. of, 204–5
troop arrangements for final battle, 184–85
west bank attack plan of Pakenham, 181–83, 189–91, 199–201
New Orleans, Louisiana. See also New Orleans, Battle of
ceded to Spain, 56
culture of, 53–55, 56–57
founding and early history of, 55–56
geography of, 55
Jackson arrives in and meets populace of, 97–101
Jackson returns victorious to, 209–11
Louisiana Purchase and, 12
martial law in, 129, 214–15
militias/army dismissed, 216
parade and speech by Jackson to rally and unify, 126–30
victory celebrations in, 203
Niles’ Weekly Register, 218–19
Ohio River, 12–13
Olivier de Vézin, Marie, 188, 227
Pakenham, Edward, 112–13, 138
arrival of, at Villeré plantation, 163
artillery fight and, 177–80
career of, 163–64
Cochrane and, 165–66
death of, 199
destruction of USS Carolina and, 167–69
in final battle of New Orleans, 189–91, 198–99