Mason, George, 88
materialism, 98, 107, 115–18, 124, 141, 175, 178–79, 190, 196
redistributionist, 133, 144
mathematics, 47–48, 76, 83
Mauzi, Robert, 124
Meaning of Human Existence, The (Wilson), 173
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), 205
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 148
Mendelssohn, Felix, 146
meritocracy, 129
Mesopotamia, 22–23, 31
Messiah, 59–60
Middle Ages, 64–65, 71
Milan, Edict of, 62
military draft, 129–30
millennials, 195
minorities, 192–93, 199–200, 204–5
“Model Eugenical Sterilization Law” (Laughlin), 155–56
monarchy, 36, 65
monasteries, 64–65, 70
monotheism, 27, 46, 104
Montesquieu, 85, 123
morality, xxiii
Christianity and, 61–62
Darwinian evolution and, 114
Enlightenment and, 185
French Revolution, 127–28
God’s expectations for man and, 26–28
Greek virtue and, 45–46
Judaism and, 24–25, , 28–29
Kinsey and, 167–68
Marx and, 137
neo-Enlightenment and, 171–74, 177–78, 181
Nietzsche and, 118–19
Paine and, 134
reason alone and, 105–11, 113, 117–18
religion and, 171
scientific materialism and, 115–17
subjectivity and, xxv–xxvi, 118, 161–62
moral minimum, 131
moral purpose
communal, 13–17
Divine meaning and, 18
faith and, 65
happiness and, 5–9, 17–18
individual, 9–13, 20
Judaism and, 20
moral realism, 177
moral relativism, 100–105, 124, 128, 172
moral truth, 161–62, 165
Morgenthau, Henry, 154
Moses, 24, 29, 36, 40, 54–55, 101, 103
Murray, Charles, 206
Murrow, Edward R., 189–90
Muslims, 65, 67
Mussolini, Benito, 189
Napoleon Bonaparte, 124, 127, 131
Naram-Sin of Akkad, 31
Nathan, Rabbi, 25
nationalism, xxvi, 128–33, 138
romantic, 144–49, 156
National Science Foundation (NSF), 204
national self-determination, 131
nation-state, 129, 131
Native Americans, 22, 28
natural law, 43–48, 50–52, 54, 56, 82, 84–88, 164–69, 180, 196
natural liberty, 86
natural rights, 74, 82–87, 110, 143, 180
natural selection, 114, 172
Nazis, xxii, xxiv–xxv, 147–49, 155–57, 162, 184, 189–91
NBC, 188
neo-Enlightenment, 169–82, 209–10
New Deal, 151
New Left, 191–94, 196–98
New Testament, 70, 103
Newton, Isaac, 76–77
New York Times, 9, 151, 152
Magazine, xvi
Nicaea, First Council of, 62
Nicene Creed, 62
Nicholas of Cusa, 75
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 117–19, 159, 161–62
9/11, 213
Nisbett, Richard, 204
Noah, 29
Noahide Laws, 28, 83
nonaggression principle, 125
North Korea, 150–51
Notes from the Underground (Dostoyevsky), 116
Notre Dame Cathedral, 123
nous (universal logic), 46
Novum Organum (Bacon), 78
Nuremberg trials, 156
Obama, Barack, xvi, 3–4, 35
Obama, Michelle, 3–4
objectivism, 194–95
Ohanian, Lee E., 154
Old Testament, 103
Olivier, Laurence, 188
On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 114
Oresme, Nicole, 75
Orientalism (Said), 40
Original Sin, 195
Orwell, George, 148, 192
paganism, 22, 26–27, 61–62, 185–96, 206
Paine, Thomas, 133–35
pantheism, 23
Panthéon, 126
papal plenitude of power, 79
Paris revolt of 1968, 192
passion, 112–15, 117, 123, 186
patriotism, 133
Paul, 59
Paul III, Pope, 75
People’s Party, 194
perfectibility, 119, 122, 136
Peterson, Jordan, 205
Philip IV, king of France, 74
Pinker, Steven, xviii, 174–77, 179, 182, 202–3
Pinocchio (film), 196
Pipes, Richard, 150
planetary motion, 76
Plan for the Scientific Work Necessary to Reorganize Society (Comte), 141
Planned Parenthood, 156
Plato, 42–44, 48–50, 52–54, 58, 71, 82, 88, 109, 162, 166, 188
polarization, 207, 208, 212
polis, 48–49, 53–54, 56–57, 60, 83
political correctness, 193, 208
Polynesia, 22
polyphonic music, 64
polytheism, 22–23, 27, 31, 46, 104
Pomeroy, Wardell, 167
Popper, Karl, 49–50
positivism, 105
postmodernism, 202
poverty, xi, xxiv, 41, 61
pragmatism, 143–44
Prince, The (Machiavelli), 80, 101
privacy, 104
progress, 28–31, 68–69, 99, 131–33, 175, 185
end of, 208–10
Progressivism, xxvi, 141–44, 154, 156
proletariat, 138, 149
Prometheus, 42
property, 84–86, 89, 113, 134, 136–37, 193
prostitution, 167
Protestant Episcopal Church, 7
Prussia, 132, 145
Psychology of Self-Esteem, The (Branden), 195
public schools, prayer in, 97
Puritans, 16
purpose, 104–5, 181
pursuit of happiness, 2–5, 7–13, 17, 89–94, 98
Putin, Vladimir, 153
Putnam, Robert, 14
Pythagoras, 47–48
quadrivarium, 64
race science, 154
racism, 193, 197–99, 203–4, 207–8
Ra (god), 31
Rand, Ayn, 194–95
Reagan, Ronald, 214
reason, xii–xiii, xix, 37
Aquinas and, 67–71
Augustine and, 70
Bible and, 37
Christianity, 59–60, 65
Darwin and, 114–15
death of, 184
democracy and, 65
Dostoyevsky and, 116
Enlightenment and, 98, 100‒111, 185
Founding Fathers and, 87–92
Greeks and, 41–45, 52, 56, 59–60
Grotius and, 82
happiness and, 7, 17–18
individual capacity and, 12
intersectionality and, 201
Judaism and, 27, 37, 56
Locke and, 84
Luther and, 81–82
morality and, 105–11, 117–18
neo-Enlightenment and, 170, 175–79, 181
Nietzsche and, 117–18
paganism and, 206–7
passion and, 111–15, 123
postwar and, 160–61
scholasticism, 66
science and, 65
trap of, 186
virtue-free, 122
rebellion, 191
redistributionism, 133, 144–45
Red Terror, 150
Reflections on the Revolution in France (Burke), 127–28
religion, xiv, xv
Comte and, 140–41
empowering nature of, 41
; Founding Fathers and, 90
Freud and, 166
intersectionality and, 196–97
Marx and, 137
neo-Enlightenment and, 179, 180–81
postwar era and, 160, 187
rejection of, 98
religious fundamentalism, 100
Renaissance, 74, 101
repression, 192, 194, 200
Republic, The (Cicero), 50–51
Republic, The (Plato), 44
Republicans, xiii, 3, 200
revelation, 28, 37, 56, 59, 69, 170, 179, 181
revolution, 136, 149
Richard III (Shakespeare), 188
rights. See also freedom; human rights; individual rights; natural rights
duties and, 10, 90
to liberty, 84, 88–89
to life, 84, 89
to property, 84–86, 89
Robespierre, Maximilien, 124, 126
Rome, ancient, 22, 31, 55, 60–64
Romulus Augustus, Emperor of Rome, 63
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 151, 153–54
Roosevelt, Teddy, 155
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 108, 113, 122, 125–26, 128, 136, 139, 144, 168, 175, 193
Russia, post-communist, 152
Russian Revolution, 149–50. See also Soviet Union
Sabbath, 2
Sacks, Rabbi Jonathan, 23, 55
Sade, Marquis de, 115
Saggs, Henry William Frederick, 22, 26
Said, Edward, 40
salvation, 62
Samuel, 36
Sanders, Bernie, 150
Sanger, Margaret, 156
Sapiens (Harari), 209
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 162–64, 173, 184, 198
Saudi Arabia, 179
Schelling, 175
scholasticism, 66, 69–70
science, xviii–xix, xxiv–xxv, 34, 43, 47–48, 53, 65, 68–69, 74–79
bureaucracy and, 140
Darwinian evolution and, 115
intersectionality and, 201–5
morality and, 116–17
neo-Enlightenment and, 169–79
postwar era and, 164–69
religion and, 75–77
scientific determinism, 117
scientific governance, 157, 164
scientific materialism, xxvi, 12, 118
scientific method, 48, 69, 78, 141, 186, 201, 206
scientific positivism, 140
scientific progressivism, 144–45
scientism, 161, 173–74
Secondhand Time (Alexievich), 153
Second Sex, The (de Beauvoir), 198
self-esteem, 195–97, 199, 206
self-realization, 162, 193–98, 206
Seneca, 13, 64
sexism, 193, 197, 203, 207
Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (Kinsey), 167
Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (Kinsey), 167
sexuality, 167–68, 191–93
Shakespeare, William, 216
Shepherd, Lindsay, 205
Shermer, Michael, 177, 179, 182
Siegel, Fred, 188
Sinai, revelation at, 20, 25, 33
Singal, Jesse, 195
Skeptic, 177
Slate, 203
slavery, xvii, xxiv, 29, 86, 94, 179–80
Smith, Adam, xxiii, 86
Social Contract, The (Rousseau), 126
social contract theory, 143
socialism, 134, 149, 189
social leveling, 133–38
social science, 141, 154, 195, 201
sociobiology, 169
sociology, 154
Socrates, 42, 49
Sodom and Gomorrah, 24
Solomon, 5–6, 13, 34
Solon, 40
Sommers, Christina Hoff, 203, 206
soul, tripartite, 166
sovereignty, 84
Soviet Union (USSR), xxv, 150–52, 156–57, 162
Sowell, Thomas, 187
speech, as violence, 184, 192
Spencer, Herbert, 143
Spencer, Richard, xvi, xxiii, 208
Spinoza, Baruch, 102–4, 112
Spock, Dr. Benjamin, 194–95
Stalin, Joseph, 16, 150, 152–53, 157, 159
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 180
Stark, Rodney, 61
state, 17, 36–37, 50–51, 71, 80, 84, 104, 110, 112–13, 122, 125, 129–30, 132, 137, 139, 142
state of nature, 83–84, 86
Steinem, Gloria, 199
STEM, diversity and, 204–5
sterilization, compulsory, 155–56
Stoics, 44, 48, 52–53, 104, 108
Strauss, Leo, 46, 50
subjectivism, 118, 124, 161–62, 165, 185, 206
suffrage, 180
suicide, 4, 13
Suicide of the West (Goldberg), xviii
Summers, Lawrence, 205
superego, 166
survival of the fittest, 143, 177
Talmud, 25, 27
Tarfon, Rabbi, 6
Tarnas, Richard, 46, 58
taxes, 137
Taylor, Jared, 208
Taylor, Steve, 8
technology, xvii–xviii, 74–75
telos and teleology, 44–46, 52–53, 77, 79, 82, 98–99, 102–3, 106, 111–12, 127, 132, 137, 161, 179, 181, 185, 194, 197
critics of, 100–105, 113–15, 119, 144, 180–81
temperance, 91
Ten Commandments, 23, 26, 97
Tertullian, 59
theocracy, 37, 80
Theodosius, emperor of Rome, 63
Thirty Years’ War, 82
Thomas, Clarence, 200
Thus Spake Zarathustra (Nietzsche), 118
Tiamat (goddess), 23
Time, 15
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 93, 139
tolerance, 121, 214
repressive, 192
tolerance, repressive, 192, 200
Tolstoy, Leo, xxiv
Torah, 25, 36, 56, 103
totalitarianism, 190
toxic masculinity, 200
transgenderism, 183–84, 206
tribalism, 128, 186, 200, 209
trivium, 64
Trojan War, 29
Trump, Donald, xiii, xvi, xxii, 3–4
truth, 34–35, 42, 48, 162, 165, 168, 186, 206
Tur, Zoey, 183–84
Turkheimer, Eric, 204
Twitter, xxiii
tyranny, 16, 34, 36, 56, 108, 128, 131, 171
Ukraine, 151
U.S. Congress, xiv, 155
U.S. Constitution, 85, 91, 92, 94, 131, 144, 186
U.S. Senate, 123
U.S. Supreme Court, 40, 155
universalism, 58, 161
universality, 34, 56, 94
universe, 22, 24, 34, 46–48, 52
universities, 66
Unmoved Mover, 46, 68, 104, 105, 185
utilitarianism, 118, 177
utopianism, xxv, 16, 49–50, 53, 119, 122–23, 128
bureaucracy and, 139–44
leveling and, 133–38
nationalism and, 128–33
values. See also morality
neo-Enlightenment and, 170–71
self-esteem and, 195
training children to defend, 213–19
Venezuela, xxv
victim mentality, 193, 197–207
violence, 192, 207
Virginia Declaration of Rights, 88–89
virtù, 80, 101, 111, 124
virtue, 45–49, 52–54, 80, 83–84, 87, 89–90, 99, 101, 122, 193–94, 211
volkisch movement, 147
Voltaire, 10, 106–8, 110, 122, 126, 185
Vox, 204
Wagner, Cosima, 147
Wagner, Richard, 146–47, 148
Wallis, W. Allen, 168
war, 41, 64–65, 132
total, 129–30
War and Peace (Tolstoy), xxiv
Washingto
n, George, 7, 11, 90
Washington Post, 8
Weber, Max, 140
Weimar Republic, 148
Weinstein, Bret, 206
Westphalia, Treaty of, xxv, 101, 131
“What Is Enlightenment?” (Kant), 108
white pride, 208
white privilege, 200
white supremacy, xxii, 41
Wilhelm II, kaiser of Germany, 147
Willard, Frances, 180
William of Ockham, 75, 77
Williams, Thomas Chatterton, xvi
will to power, 117–19, 161
Wilson, E. O., 169–73
Wilson, Woodrow, 143–44, 146, 155
Wired.com, xvii
Woman’s Bible, The (Stanton), 180
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 180
women’s rights, xv, 93–94, 180, 187, 201, 204–5
Women’s Studies International Forum (Hughes), 202
Woods, Thomas E., Jr., 66
World War I, 146–49, 157, 159–60, 164, 189
World War II, 152–53, 156–57, 159, 160, 164
Yenor, Scott, 206
yetzer (will), 47
Yiannopoulos, Milo, xxii–xiii
Yisrael (struggle with God), 25
Young America’s Foundation, xx
zeitgeist, 132
Zinoviev, Grigory, 150
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BEN SHAPIRO is editor in chief of the Daily Wire and host of The Ben Shapiro Show, the top conservative podcast and fastest-growing radio show in the nation. A New York Times bestselling author, Shapiro is a graduate of Harvard Law School and the nation’s most requested campus speaker.
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