Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva, 28, 151–52, 158
aversion, 21
affliction of, 64, 95, 104
lack of, 72, 89, 93, 173, 184, 190
Awakening of Faith, 159–60, 161
awareness
attention and, 84–85
of breath, 74, 159–60, 179, 198, 201
of dependent nature of phenomena, 195, 200–201
meditative, 104
mindfulness and, 32, 43–44, 74–75, 81, 199
nondual, 149
resting in, 186
of secondary afflictions, 95
of storehouse, 112–13, 195–97
supramundane, 23, 187–90
See also consciousness
B
Basho, 179
beneficial factors, 21, 81–82, 89–93, 96–97, 184–86, 199
bhavanga, 41
blissful body of liberation (sambhogakaya), 24, 61, 191, 193
Bodhidharma, 3, 4, 181
bodhisattva path, 7, 184
bodhisattvas, 26, 72, 87–88, 140, 183, 187–90
body
awareness of sensations of, 15, 33, 51, 85, 156, 169, 198–99
in eighteen-dhatu model, 116
karma and, 41, 132, 175, 196
mindfulness of, 16, 74, 81, 194, 198
role in practice, 3, 159, 191
sense of self and, 25, 27, 57–58
store consciousness and, 43–44, 45
breath, 44, 74, 159–60, 179, 198, 201
Buddha
first teaching of, 13–14, 63
as flowing occurrence, 27
on karma, 41, 42, 196
on mindfulness of breath, 179
on nirvana, 173–74
on six consciousnesses, 31
in Soto Zen tradition, 3
teachings, view of, 123
three bodies of, 193
on three marks, 153–54
on wrong view, 151
Buddhaghosa, 28, 135
Buddhism
in America, 9, 17
Chinese, 4, 127
doctrinal differences in, 71–72, 83–84, 123, 145, 173–74, 182–84
ethical conduct in, 96–97
karma, commonality of in, 112–13
promotion of well-being in, 14, 202
realms in, 118–19
rebirth, views of in, 39
three schools of, 4–7. See also individual school
Tibetan, 2, 3–4, 9, 18, 26
Yogacara, role of in, 29
See also Consciousness Only Buddhism
Burkett, Tim, 102, 145–46
C
carefulness, 21, 89–90, 125
cessation, 61, 134, 160–61, 202. See also under meditation
Chengweishilun (Xuanzang), 4, 12–13, 152
cittamatra. See Consciousness Only Buddhism
clinging
basis of, 49–50
to consciousness, 55
letting go of, 28, 53
self-love and, 64, 66–67
See also grasping
commitment, 17, 90, 97, 101, 105–6, 192
compassion
of Buddha, 27
consciousness and, 56, 68, 72
in cultivating beneficial seeds, 35
emptiness and, 6, 183
in giving and taking practice, 104
karma and, 87–88
nondualism and, 151–52
and practice, relationship of, 17, 40–41, 47
three natures and, 140–41
toward afflictions, 64
complete, realized nature, 22
fourfold description of, 167–71
meanings of term parinispana, 147
nondual practice and, 161
as no-self nature, 23, 163, 164–66
other-dependent nature and, 143, 148–49, 151, 152–54
as projection only, 168
concentration, 20, 74, 83, 84, 111. See also right concentration
conceptualization (vikalpa), 22
arising from conditions, 143, 144–46
benefits of, 200–201
and consciousness, differentiated, 26
as fruit of karma, 128–29
imaginary nature and, 137, 139
letting go of, 168
as projection only, 121, 122–24
in samatha, lack of, 159
conditioning
emotional, 91
existence and, 109
getting caught in, 105–6
other-dependent nature and, 22, 143–44, 164, 165
power of, 54, 127–28
practice and, 171
results of, 132–33
seeing, 55
unconscious stream of, 131
Vasubandhu’s approach to, 52–53
confusion, 54, 63, 65–66
consciousness
aggregate of, 50–52
investigating, 25–27
and knowledge, use of terms, 188
with no object, 23, 181–85
resting in projection, 23, 173, 174–75
self and other as transformation of, 19, 25–26, 29
six types, 31–33, 52, 117
“Thirty Verses” approach to, 7–8, 202
transforming, 20, 22, 35, 73, 90–91, 121–23, 131, 190
See also eight-consciousnesses model; store consciousness; thought consciousness
Consciousness Only Buddhism
history and development of, 8–10, 13–14
misunderstandings about, 11–12, 42, 183
practices of, 14–15
projection only and, 124
revolution at the root in, 56
store consciousness in, 127
subject-object split in, 27, 29–30
constant realm, 24, 191–92
Cook, Francis, 109
craving, 135, 160, 168, 173. See also clinging
D
delusion, 21
affliction of, 64, 95
conditioned, 129
end of, 173–74
lack of, 72, 89, 184
practices for letting go of, 168, 195, 200–202
of separateness, 30, 161, 195
three natures and, 137
See also self-delusion; two barriers
desire, 21
affliction of, 58, 64, 95–96
end of, 173–74
lack of, 72, 89, 90, 93, 134, 184
other-dependent nature and, 165
for peace, 60
Dhamma, 179
Dhammapada, 9, 192
Dharma body (dharmakaya), 24, 191, 193
dharmas, 27–29, 76. See also phenomena
dhatus, eighteen, 115–16
discernment, 75, 112
dissatisfaction, 27–28, 63–64, 67, 85–86, 140. See also suffering
Dogen Zenji, 3, 159, 161, 167–68
Dongshan, 181
doubt, 21, 95, 96, 107–8
dreams, 43, 117, 140
dukkha. See suffering
E
Early Buddhism
bhavanga in, 41
consciousness in, 8, 31–33, 51–52
Consciousness Only and, 10–11
eighteen-dhatu model in, 115–16
emphasis of, 6–7, 18, 135
five aggregates in, 49–50, 57–58
karma in, 196–97
and Mahayana, differences between, 6–7, 123
meditation in, 74, 79, 157–58
names and distinctions in, 108
nirvana in, 71, 72, 134
nonself in, 155–56
overview, 4–5
samsara and nirvana in, 173–74
self, understanding of in, 27, 34–35, 58–59, 175, 182
textual tradition of, 91–92
eight-consciousnesses model, 7–8, 31–33, 115, 123, 129–30
Eightfold Path, 14, 63, 65, 71, 79, 96, 160
emotions
cultivating beneficial, 31, 91, 96, 184–86
eight-consciousnesses model and, 32–34
habits of, 8
intention and, 98
karma and, 38, 39–40, 42, 50–51, 53, 55, 71, 82, 132–33
See also under mindfulness
empowerment, 2, 8, 42, 128–29, 196–97
emptiness
affirmative expression of, 169
Consciousness Only and, 12–13, 183
in Mahayana, importance of, 6–7, 151–52
of phenomena, 28–29, 30, 155–57, 168
energy, beneficial factor of, 21, 82, 89–90, 93, 125, 184
enlightenment
conceptualization and, 148–49
descriptions of, 181–82, 185, 191
lack of manas in, 20, 69, 70
nondualism and, 151, 152–53, 189
practicing right now, 161
realized nature and, 165–66, 170–71
thirty-seven aids to, 83–84
epistemology, 11
equanimity, beneficial factor of, 21, 82, 89–90, 93, 125, 184
ethics, 3, 65, 96–98
experience
conventional understanding of, 73–74
as karmically conditioned, 109–13, 127–28
momentary, 25–26, 29, 32, 73, 161, 164, 169–70
purpose of describing, 170
realized nature in, 169
ultimate truth and, 124
ways of categorizing, 52
See also sense objects, imagery of
F
faith, 21, 89, 90, 92–93, 107, 108
finger pointing at moon, 181
Fischer, Norman, 196
“Five Remembrances,” 129
food, regarding as medicine, 67
formation
aggregate of, 49, 50, 57–58
mindfulness of, 76
types of, 82
as volition, 52–53
four noble truths, 160
G
giving and taking practice (tonglen), 104
grasping
at consciousness, 184
lack of, 23, 139, 181–82
twofold, 22, 131, 134–36, 173–75, 190
great mirror wisdom, 56, 67, 190
Gutei, 181
H
habitual tendencies, 14–15, 33, 112, 124, 138, 190
Hakeda, Yoshito, 160
Hanh, Thich Nhat, 18, 92
happiness, 8, 37–38, 164, 197
“Harmony of Difference and Sameness” (Shitou), 169
Heart Sutra, 28, 123, 135, 151–52, 156, 158, 182–83
Heraclitus, 55
Huineng, 3, 10
humility, 21, 89, 125, 128–29, 197
I
idealism, 12
imaginary nature, 22, 137, 139–41, 147, 148
metaphors for, 163–64, 168
as without self, 23
impermanence, 103, 153–54, 192
impressions
conditioned sensory, 111
karmic and grasping, 22, 131, 132–34, 175
store consciousness and, 37, 38, 40, 44–46
impulses, 18, 53, 58, 86, 91
India, 2–3, 9, 17, 27, 38, 118
intention
beneficial, 89–90, 129, 133, 197
conditioning and, 54
karma and, 41–42, 50–51, 82
interdependence
awareness of, 16
ethics and, 96–97
in Mahayana, view of, 6, 72
three natures and, 139, 145, 148–49
of waves and ocean, 112
intimacy
boundless, 60
with ground of practice, 194
profound connection of, 15, 157, 169–70
with projections, 174–75
with self/other split, 25–26
three natures and, 8, 137
J
joy, 30, 74, 79, 102, 200
just this
experiencing, 29
resting in, 23, 177, 178–80, 185, 202
sambhogakaya and, 193
supramundane awareness and, 188
See also thusness
K
Kabilsingh, Voramai, 10–11
karma, 19, 22
of bodhisattvas, 87–88
conceptualization and, 22, 122, 127, 128–30
five remembrances and, 103–4
formation aggregate and, 50, 82
intention and, 41–42, 97, 98
manas consciousness and, 20, 57, 69
in meditation, 85–87
in meditation of cessation, 71
misunderstandings about, 42
nirvana and, 55
rebirth and, 39, 118
right effort and, 80–81
ripening of, 31, 33–34, 131–34, 175, 196–97
in “Thirty Verses,” 8
twofold grasping and, 136
See also store consciousness
karmic seeds
planting beneficial, 77, 89
Katagiri Roshi, 34–35
kindness
beneficial factors and, 30, 35, 44, 89–90
commitment to, 192, 197
cultivating, 31, 37–38
karma and, 41, 134
See also loving-kindness meditation
kleshas. See afflictions/afflictive emotions
knowing
in Consciousness Only, 11
as fifth aggregate, 50
mano as, 115, 117
of mindfulness, 93
storehouse and, 90–91, 110
without object, 187, 188–90
See also thought consciousness
koans, 87
Kuan Yin, 87–88
L
labeling, 85–86
Lankavatara Sutra, 3, 4, 109–10
liberation
from conditioning, 133
as end of twofold grasping, 134–36
meditation and, 71
as no-thing, 152
three marks and, 154
three natures and, 137
views of, 6–7, 18, 175
See also blissful body of liberation (sambhogakaya); nirvana
loving-kindness meditation, 104
M
Mahayana Buddhism
Abhidharma and, 28–29, 123
consciousness in, 182–83
Consciousness Only and, 10–11
Early Buddhism and, 6–7, 123
emphasis of, 18, 30, 135, 157, 168
nirvana in, 71–72, 173, 175
nondualism in, 151–52
not existing, understanding of in, 122–23
overview of, 6–7
three bodies of Buddha in, 193
three natures and, 8
transcending conceptualization in, 145
two truths in, 137–38
Vasubandhu’s role in, 2
wrong view in, 107
Yogacara and, 3–4, 145, 155–56
manas, 20
as basic aspect of consciousness, 61
birth and development of, 20, 58–60, 69–70
in deep meditation, 71–72
enlightenment and, 184, 189
five universal factors and, 87, 88
four afflictions and, 63, 64–66
as obstructed but neutral, 67–68
role of, 33, 34–35, 57, 70, 129–30, 132–33
as sense base, 116
suffering and, 63
supramundane awareness and, 188
Mazu, 181
meditation
of cessation, 20, 69, 70, 71
commitment to, 17, 192
encouragement for, 46–47
manas in, 34–35
on nonconceptualized object, 179, 202
nondual, 16, 72, 158–61, 195, 201–2
with objects, 178
seeing conceptualization in, 130
thought-free states of, 21, 115, 117–19
thoughts in, 32, 189
types of, 74
views of (different schools), 158–59
See also mindfulness; practices
memorization, 91–92
mental factors, 20–21
as either afflictive or beneficial, 96, 105–7
practicing with, 199–200
specific, 83–84
types of, 79, 81–82
See also afflictions/afflictive emotions; beneficial factors
mental factors, five universal, 20
five aggregates as, 51–53
manas and, 69, 70
mindfulness of, 76, 84–88, 199
store consciousness and, 19, 49
mental tendencies, 10, 74
metaphors and analogies
burning lamp, 45
dreams, 140–41, 157
horns of rabbit image, 123–24
mirage, 163–64, 165
movie and screen, 110
ocean and waves, 109–10, 111–12, 187
raft, 123
river, 54–55
waterfall, 130
mind
Abhidharma understanding of, 29–30
beneficial states of, 35, 90–91
description of, 26
mindfulness of, 93
role of, 9
spaciousness of, 65
as thought consciousness (mano), 21, 115–19, 189
mindfulness
of afflictions, 97–99
of breath in body, 179
of emotions, 16, 44, 72, 74, 76–77, 97–99, 112, 133–34, 197–200
in exhausting karma, 133–34
of five universal factors, 85–88
four foundations of, 81
as just seeing, 93
of ordinary activities, 43–44
of phenomena, 158, 195, 197–200
purpose of, 32, 35, 37–38
of universal mental factors, 53
See also right mindfulness
mind-only. See Consciousness Only Buddhism
N
Nagarjuna, 3, 183
Nidana Samyutta, 196
nirmanakaya, 193
nirvana
karma and, 55–56
lack of manas in, 72
mindfulness of breath and, 179
views of, 5, 6–7, 71, 134, 160–61, 173–75
nondualism, 6
centrality in Buddhism, 151–52
of Dharma body, 193
difficulties of practicing, 157–58, 161
realized nature and, 147–49
of samsara and nirvana, 160–61, 175
of supramundane awareness, 187–88
See also under meditation
nonself
Consciousness Only and, 12–13
enlightenment as, 165–66
five aggregates and, 57–58
as mark of existence, 153–54
realized nature as, 167–71
Yogacara views of, 155–56
nonviolence, 21, 89, 90, 93, 133–34, 200
Nyanaponika Thera, 129
O
observer, 34–35
omniscience, 188
open hand of thought, 174, 175, 189
other
conceptualization of, 122, 130
mind without object and, 184–85
phenomenal world as, 26
in transformation of consciousness, 19, 25–27
See also grasping, twofold
other-dependent nature, 22, 23
lack of self of, 163, 164