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    The Physics of War

    Page 36
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    Borgia, Cesare, 70

      bow and arrow, 41, 42

      Bowen, Edward, 228

      Boyle's law, 115

      Bragg, William, 199

      Brattain, Walter, 288, 290, 291

      Braun, Wernher von, 237, 280

      Breit Gregory, 253

      British Enfield rifle, 135, 138

      British system, 36

      bronze, 23

      Bronze Age, 24

      Brooklyn, 147–48

      Buchanan, Franklin, 147–48

      Bush, Vannevar, 259, 261

      Caesar, 48

      calculus, 101

      camber, 166, 174

      Cambria, Battle of, 194

      cannon, 62–66

      caravel, 91

      carbine, 136

      Carthaginians, 47

      Castile, 64

      catapult, 32

      Cavalla, 221

      Cavendish, Henry, 118

      cavity magnetron, 209

      Cayley, George, 166, 168

      center of mass, 92

      centripetal force, 114

      CH system, 228

      Chadwick, James, 245

      chain mail, 51, 57

      chain reaction, 252–54

      Chanute, Octave, 166–68

      chariot, 19, 20, 22, 23

      Charles's law, 152

      Charles VII, 66, 67

      Charles VIII, 67, 68, 70

      CHL system, 228

      chlorine gas, 192

      Christian IV, 99

      Church, Gilbert, 267

      Churchill, Winston, 193, 194, 226, 244

      circumference of earth, 29

      clean bomb, 279

      coherent light, 286

      Colbert, John Baptiste, 106

      Cold War, 280, 281

      Colossus, Mark I, 244

      Colt, Samuel, 132

      Columbus, 91

      commutator, 142

      compass, 91, 95

      composite bow, 43

      Compton, Arthur, 259

      computers during World War II, 243

      conduction band, 289

      Confederate States of America, 137

      conservation of momentum, 38

      Constantinople, 64, 65

      Cooke, William, 140

      copper, 23

      Corona satellites, 292

      Corsair, 234

      cosmic rays, 263

      Coulomb, Charles, 124

      Crécy, Battle of, 52

      critical mass, 263, 267

      crossbow, 43, 48, 51

      cruise missile, 234

      Curie, Marie, 203, 247

      Curtiss, Glenn, 177, 180

      Dark Ages, 50, 69

      Davy, Humphrey, 126

      Descartes, Rene, 114

      deuterium, 274

      diffusion, 255

      Doenitz, Karl, 219, 220

      dogfights, 18, 188

      doping, 290

      Doppler Effect, 204, 205, 216

      Doppler, Christian, 205

      Dornberger, Walter, 237

      downwash, 175

      drag (bullet), 158, 159

      drones, 291–93

      duFay, Charles, 123, 124

      Dunkirk, 226, 227

      dynamo, 130, 142

      dyne, 37

      early guns of war, 87

      earth as giant magnet, 94

      e-bomb, 294

      Edward III, 52

      Egypt, 24

      Einstein, Albert, 193, 246, 255, 256, 257, 282

      Eisenhower, Dwight, 233

      electric and magnetic fields, 126

      electric field, 197

      electric field lines, 95, 128, 129

      electric generator, 128

      electric motor, 128

      electromagnet, 139, 140

      electromagnetic field, 197

      electromagnetic induction, 127

      electromagnetic pulse, 294, 295

      electromagnetic spectrum, 199

      electromagnetic waves, 197, 198

      electron volt, 252

      elevator, 178

      Elizabeth (Queen of Belgium), 256

      energy, 39

      energy band, 288

      energy level, 282

      Enewetak Atoll, 276

      English Revolution, 107

      Enigma, 243, 244

      Eratosthenes, 29, 33

      Ericsson, John, 144, 145

      Estes, 277

      excited state, 283

      Explorer 1, 292

      external ballistics, 157–61

      Faraday, Michael, 126, 139, 142

      Farragut, David, 147

      Fat Man, 267

      Ferdinand, Franz, 185

      Ferdinand II, 98

      Fermi, Enrico, 247–50, 253–56, 263–65, 274

      Feynman, Richard, 263

      fission, 251, 263

      first airplanes, 165

      first tanks, 193, 194

      flame thrower, 183, 185

      flaps, 177

      flintlock, 112–14

      flintlock mechanism, 113, 114

      Flowers, Tommy, 244

      Flyer I, 170

      Flyer II, III, 172

      Flying Circus, 188

      Foch, General, 196

      Fokker, Anthony, 187

      force, 36

      form drag, 56, 57

      form factor, 160

      form friction, 176

      Forsyth, Alexander, 131, 132

      Fort Morgan, 147, 148

      Franklin, Benjamin, 124

      French Revolution, 106, 117

      Frisch, Otto, 250, 251, 258

      Fritigern, 49, 50

      Fritz X, 241

      Fuchs, Klaus, 274, 275

      fulcrum, 41

      Fulton, Robert, 148, 211

      fusion, 273

      gain medium, 286

      Galileo, 80, 81, 157, 203

      Galileo's ballistics, 81

      Galvani, Luigi, 124

      gamma rays, 199

      Gamow, George, 253

      Garros, Roland, 180, 187

      gaseous diffusion, 266

      Gatling, Richard, 143

      Gatling gun, 143, 181

      Geiger Counter, 248

      Genghis Khan, 59, 60

      George, Lloyd, 193, 194

      German atomic bomb, 269

      German U-boats, 190–91, 195, 219, 220, 229

      Gettysburg, 138

      Gettysburg, Battle of, 138, 139

      giant crossbow of Leonardo, 75

      Gilbert, William, 93, 94

      Goddard, Robert, 236, 240

      Goeben, 190

      Göring, Hermann, 230

      Goths, 49, 50

      Gould, Gordon, 287

      GPS, 215

      Grant, Ulysses, 139

      gravity, 38

      Great Henry, 93

      Greeks, 28

      Greenwich, England, 97

      grenade launchers, 295

      Gribeauval, Jean-Baptiste, 118–20

      ground state, 282

      Groves, Leslie, 261, 262, 266, 267, 269

      Guadalcanal, 232

      gunpowder, 59

      gyroscope, 161, 215

      gyroscopic inertia, 215

      Haber, Fritz, 191–93

      Habsburgs, 99

      Hahn, Otto, 249–52, 255, 257

      half-life, 248

      Hall, Albert, 208

      Halley, Edmond, 97, 102

      hand cannon, 62

      hand grenades, 184

      Hanford, Washington, 267

      Hanley, Maurice, 193

      Hannibal, 47

      Harold II, 51, 52

      Harper's Ferry rifle, 135

      Harrison, John, 98

      Hartford, 147

      Hayden, Lance, 188

      HEAT warhead, 240

      heavy water, 256

      Heisenberg, Werner, 255, 257, 260, 261, 270

      Henry, Joseph, 140, 141

      Henry VIII, 92

      Henry rifle, 136

      Henry the Navigator, 90, 91

      Hermes drone, 293

      Herschel, William, 199

      Hertz, Heinrich, 198, 200

      Hertz's
    apparatus, 198

      Hertz (unit), 200

      HESH warhead, 240

      Heston, Charlton, 22

      Hickman, Clarence, 240

      Hipparchus, 29, 33, 96

      Hiroshima, 271

      Hitler, 219, 224, 225, 229

      Hittites, 19, 20, 21

      Holland, John, 211

      Holy Roman Empire, 98, 99

      Hooke, Robert, 102

      Housatonic, 149

      Howard, Edward, 131

      Howard, Fred, 170

      howitzer, 136, 183, 184

      Huff Duff, 219, 220

      Hundred Years’ War, 52, 63, 64

      Hunley, 211, 217

      Huns, 50

      Hurley, 148

      Hurley, Horace, 148

      Huygens, Christiaan, 107, 114–16

      hydrogen, 118

      hydrogen bomb, 273, 277–79

      hydroplane, 213

      ICBM, 280, 281

      Immelmann, Max, 188

      impact depth, 164

      impulse, 37

      incoherent light, 286

      induced friction, 176

      induction coil, 128

      Industrial Revolution, 105

      inertia, 36, 37

      infrared, 203, 204

      internal ballistics, 151, 152

      invisible rays, 197

      iron, 23

      Iron Age, 23

      ironclads, 144

      isotope, 254

      Istanbul, 65

      Ivy Mike, 276

      Iwo Jima, 232

      James II, 66

      Janissaries, 65

      Japanese zero, 234

      jet airplane, 235

      Joan of Arc, 64

      John I, 90

      Joliot-Curie, Frederic, 247, 248, 255

      Joliet-Curie, Irene, 245, 255, 257

      Kadesh, 20, 21

      Kadesh, Battle of, 19–22

      kamikaze, 232

      Kennedy, John, 280

      Kentucky rifle, 135

      Keyhole-class spy satellites, 292

      k factor, 264

      kinetic energy, 39, 40

      Kitty Hawk, NC, 168, 169, 171

      Krupp, 224

      Lake, Simon, 211

      Landships committee, 193

      laser, 282, 286, 287

      laser weapons, 287

      latitude, 96

      Lavoisier, Antoine, 117, 118

      law of conservation of mass, 118

      law of gravity, 101

      Lawrence, Ernest, 259, 261, 262

      Le Mat revolver, 136

      Lee, James, 183

      Lee, Robert, 138

      Leibniz, 101

      Leonardo da Vinci, 69, 70, 89, 144, 165, 193

      Leonardo's attitude toward war, 77

      Leonardo's military inventions, 72, 73, 74–76

      Leonardo's physics, 71, 72

      Lewis gun, 182

      Leyden jar, 124

      Leyte Gulf, Battle of, 232

      lift, 172, 174

      light, 203

      Lilienthal, Otto, 166, 168

      Lincoln, Abraham, 137, 139, 144

      Lion, the (cannon), 66

      Lippershay, Hans, 84, 203

      liquid-fueled rocket, 238

      lithium deuteride, 278

      Little Boy, 267

      Little Willy, 194

      loadstone, 94

      longbow, 52, 53, 55

      longitude, 96, 97

      long-range missiles, 280

      Lorentz machine, 244

      Los Alamos, 262, 267

      Louis XIV, 106

      Louis XVI, 117

      Love, Thaddeus, 149

      Luftwaffe, 226, 230, 231

      Lugar, 183

      Lusitania, 190, 191, 195

      machine gun, 181

      machines, 41

      madfaa, 61

      magnetic field, 197

      magnetic field of earth, 95

      magnetron, 208–10

      Maiman, Theodor, 287

      Manhattan project, 261, 265, 268

      Mannock, Mick, 188

      Marconi, Guglielmo, 200, 201

      Mariotte, Edme, 166

      Mark I, 194, 195

      Mary Rose, 92, 93

      maser, 285, 286

      mass number, 254

      matchlock, 88

      MAUD committee, 258, 259

      Mauser Gewehr, 183

      Maxim, Hiram, 182

      maximum range ( of gun), 160

      Maxwell, James, 197, 198

      Meade, George, 138

      mechanical equivalent of heat, 123,

      Megiddo, 15

      Meitner, Lise, 249–52, 259

      mercury fulminate, 131

      Messerschmitt, 234, 235

      metallurgy, 23

      metric system, 36

      microchips, 288, 291

      Midway Island, 232

      Mike test, 276, 277

      Milemete, Walter, 62

      military compass (Galileo), 83

      Minié ball, 133, 135, 138

      Minié, Claude, 133

      Minnesota, 145

      MIRV (multiple independent re-entry vehicle), 280, 281

      MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 210

      Mitchell, Billy, 189

      Mobile Bay, Battle of, 147

      moderator, 256

      momentum, 37

      M1 Garand, 242

      Mongols, 50, 59, 62

      Monitor, 145, 147

      Mons, Battle of, 186

      Mons Meg (cannon), 66

      Monte San Giovanni, 67

      Morse code, 141, 201

      Morse, Samuel, 141

      mortar, 184

      mouseion, 33

      Munroe, Charles, 240

      musketeers, 88

      muskets, 88, 98

      Mussolini, 224

      Mustang, 234

      mustard gas, 192

      Muwatallis II, 19, 20, 21

      muzzle velocity, 152–57

      Nagasaki, 271

      Napoleon, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122

      Napoleon (cannon), 136

      Napoleon's weapons, 119

      Nautilus, 211, 217

      navigation (of submarine), 215

      negative charge, 95

      Nelson, Horatio, 120

      neutron, 245, 247, 248

      Newcomen, Thomas, 107

      Newton, Isaac, 36, 38, 100, 101

      Newton's laws, 37, 102

      Nicholas, Czar, 195

      night-vision device, 204

      Nimitz, Chester, 232

      Norden bombsight, 241, 242

      Norden, Carl, 241

      Norton, John, 133

      n-type semiconductor, 291

      nuclear fission, 252, 255

      nuclear fusion, 273

      nuclear reactor, 256, 264, 265

      nuclear submarine, 281

      Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 266

      objective (telescope lens), 203

      Octavius, 48

      Oersted, Hans Christian, 125, 126

      Ohain, Hans von, 235

      ohm, 125

      Ohm, Georg, 125

      Ohm's law, 125

      Oliphant, Mark, 259

      onager, 17, 30, 31, 32, 35, 45, 46, 48

      Oppenheimer, Robert, 259–63, 268, 274, 275

      oxygen, 118

      Pacioli, Luca, 71

      Panda Committee, 276

      parabola, 56, 82, 83, 158

      particle beams, 295

      Pash, Boris, 269, 270

      passive sonar, 216

      Pearl Harbor, 231

      Peierls, Rudolf, 258

      Pemberton, Henry, 110

      percussion cap, 131

      periscope, 214

      Pershing, General, 196

      Persia, 23

      Persian Empire, 28

      Philip II, 33

      Philip VI, 52

      phlogiston theory, 118

      Phoenicia, 28

      phosgene, 192

      photon, 282

      physics of hydrogen bomb, 277–79

      physics of longbow, 54

      physics of propeller, 146

      physics of
    submarines, 212

      Pickett, Brigadier General, 138

      pile (electric), 124, 125

      ping, 216

      Pioneer II, 148

      pitch axis, 179

      Pitot, Henri, 166

      Pixii, Hippolyte, 142

      Plato, 29, 30

      plutonium, 259

      poisonous gas, 191, 192

      Poland (attack on), 226

      Polaris, 29, 91, 93, 94, 95

      Pollock, 220

      population inversion, 284, 285

      Porro, Ignazio, 203

      positive charge, 95

      potential energy, 39, 40

      power, 39, 40

      precession, 160

      Predator drone, 292, 293

      Preece, William, 201

      Prince Henry, 90

      Princeton, 145

      Principia, 36, 102

      propeller (submarine), 213

      proton, 246

      proximity fuse, 241

      p-type semiconductor, 290

      pulley, 41

      Punic Wars, 47

      pusher design, 170

      Rabi, Isidor, 255

      radar, 204, 227

      radar jamming, 229

      radar system, 206, 207

      radian, 40, 134

      radiation channel, 278, 279

      radioactive decay, 247

      radio transmission, 201

      radio waves, 200

      Ramses II, 19, 20, 21

      Randall, John, 208, 228

      Reaper drone, 292

      recoil, 154, 155

      recoil of cannon, 66

      recurved bow, 43

      Red Baron (Manfred von Richthofen), 188

      reflecting telescope, 203

      refracting telescope, 203

      relay (telegraph), 140

      resistance, 125

      Richthofen, Manfred von, 188

      Rickenbacker, Eddie, 189

      rifling of gun barrel, 161, 162

      right-hand rule, 126, 127

      Ritter, Johann, 199

      Robins, Benjamin, 110–12

      Robinson, John, 108

      robots, 295

      roll axis, 179

      Roman Empire, 47, 48

      Romans, 32, 47

      Röntgen, Wilhelm, 13, 199, 202

      Roosevelt, President (Franklin D.), 255, 256, 259, 261, 267

      Rosen, Leon, 252, 253

      rotational inertia, 134

      Roxburgh Castle, 66

      Royal Society, 115

      rudder, 178

      Rumford, Count, 122

      Sachs, Alexander, 256

      Sagres, 90

      saltpeter, 60, 61, 117

      satellites, 291

      Schawlow, Arthur, 287

      Schwartz, Berthold, 62

      screw, 41

      screw propeller, 144

      scutum, 48

      Seaborg, Glenn, 259

      Selleck, Tom, 136

      semiconductor, 288, 289

      Serber, Robert, 263

      Sforza, Ludovico, 70, 73, 77

      Sharps, Christian, 136

      Sharps rifle, 136

      sheer drag, 56

      Shokaku, 221

      Shockley, William, 288, 291

      siege towers, 27, 28

      six shooter, 132

      skin friction, 176

      Smeaton, John, 166

      Smeaton's coefficient, 166, 170

      Smith, Francis, 144

      Socrates, 29, 39

      solenoid, 126

      solid-state physics, 288

      Solomon Islands, 232

      Somme, Battle of, 194

      sonar, 211, 216, 217

      sonic boom, 155, 156

     


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