Pribyla, Harry, 43
Princeton University, 61
Protestants, 179
Prufening works, 46
Pucket, Donald, 121, 260
Pucket, Lorene, 121
“Puma” Fighter Group, 90, 143, 189–90, 199, 266
Punitive Expedition, 28
Purple Hearts, 165, 271
Pyle, Ernie, 259, 269
“Pyramiders,” 8, 121
Pyriatin, 96
Q
Quayle, Dan, 265
Quesada, Elwood, 28
R
Ramey, Tom, 233
Ramitelli, 124, 279
Randle, Bill, 231
“rape and rampage,” 75
Rapido River, 35–36
Rau, Oscar “Ockie,” 199
Rayford, Lee, 123
RDX bombs, 135, 188
Reardon, J. C., 243
“Recce” pilots, 152
Red Air Force, 53, 96
Red Cross, 157, 184, 213, 234
Red Square, 265
Red Tails, x, 123, 190, 226, 230, 242, 252–54
Red Tails, 260
Redeventa, 93
Regensburg, 5, 12–13, 41, 43, 45–48, 55, 72, 164, 217, 219, 221, 238, 255
Regia Aeronautica, 22
Reich, the. See also Third Reich
bombing of, x, 132, 187, 254
defense of the, 39, 77, 191, 204, 224
industry of the, 47, 68–69, 118–19, 254
Reims, 244
Repubblica Sociale Italiana, 40
Republican Air Force, 40–41
Republicans, 240
Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 21–22, 33, 49, 55–56, 58, 60, 252, 263, 280
Reschke, Willi, 143
Revi, xiii, 231
Rhine River, 225
Rhone Valley, 172
Rice, Herbert E., 46
Richard, Robert “Bob,” 18, 138–39, 142
Rickenbacker, Eddie, 18
Ridenour, Carlyle, H., 8
Riem, 230
Rimini, 13
Ritz Brothers, 74
Ritz Hotel, 259
Rodina, 99
Rolls Royce, 56
Romana Americana, 83, 93–94, 101–3, 108, 112, 122, 126, 133–34, 155
Romania, 57, 131, 146, 199, 206, 274
bombing of, 8, 31, 53, 66, 68, 84, 86–87, 92–93, 100–1, 103–4, 127–28, 133, 137, 254, 256–57, 279
defense of, 66–68, 93, 113, 135
POWs in, 144–45, 184
Russian control of, 185, 188, 257
strategic value of, x, 81–83, 256–57
surrender by, 84, 183, 237
Romanian Air Force
aces of the, 65, 143–45, 266
and the Fifteenth, 66–68, 84, 86, 90, 93–94, 100, 109, 145, 257
losses of the, 109
Ninth Fighter Group, 144
Seventh Fighter Group, 66
Rome, 5, 32, 36, 52, 73, 173, 259, 267
bombing of, 2, 36, 151, 153
capture of, 101, 115
Roosevelt, Elliott, 159
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 17, 28, 82, 96, 166, 218, 228, 240
Rosenheim, 240
“Rosie the Riveters,” 10
Rosignano, 175–76, 279
Rotterdam, 52
Route Six, 35–36
Rowe, Tom, 180–81
Royal Air Force (RAF), 138
Balkan Air Force, 178, 192
Bomber Command, 39, 254–55
casualties of the, 178
“dicey shows” and, 162
leadership of the, 85
missions by the, 63, 128–29, 133, 155–56, 179, 197, 236, 254–56
morale bombing and, 4, 22, 32, 52, 152
No. 205 Group, 134
Royal Air Force Bomber Command. See under Royal Air Force
Royal Hungarian Air Force, 90, 189. See also Hungary
“R and R,” 75
Ruhland, 119, 137, 222, 226
Rush, Hugo P., 94–95, 168, 184
Russia, Russians, 40, 90, 266. See also Soviets, Soviet Union
as ally of the West, 38, 53, 90, 95–97, 135–36, 144, 179, 192, 223, 238
American interactions with, 95–99, 102, 105, 238
Bulgaria and, 183–85
conquest of Germany, 234, 238, 244
Czarist period of, 52
Doolittle raid and, 1
and the Fifteenth, 66, 127, 132, 199–201, 223, 228, 230
German invasion of, 83, 99, 105, 109
Rust, Mathias, 265
Ryan, John D., 262
Ryan, Michael, 262
S
Saab 2000 turboprops, 270–71
Sahara Desert, 8
Saint-Valentine, 224
Salerno, 2, 32
Salsola, 59–60, 74, 108, 215
Salvation Army, 213
Salzburg, 45, 238–39, 243
San Antonio, TX, 236
San Diego, CA, 9
Sandu, Ioan, 109
San Giovanni, 65, 70, 241, 278
San Pancrazio, 166–68, 278
San Severo, 74, 145, 159, 162, 202
Sardinia, 21
Schaffer, Ronald, 52
Schall, Franz, 226, 231
Schallmoser, Eduard, 231
Schambacker, C. O., 106–7
Schlachtgeschwader 10, 238. See also Luftwaffe
Schleissheim, 39–40
Schlüter, Herbert, 222
Schmidt, Chester, 255
Schultz, Otto, 20
Schwalbe, 220. See also Swallow
Schweinfurt, 12, 44
“Schweinfurt II,” 13
Scotland, 81
Scroggs, J. F., 131
Second World War, 81, 112, 137, 169, 191, 244, 269. See also World War II
Seldom Available, 242
Serbanescu, Alexandru, 66
Serbia, 167–68, 178–79, 203
Seregelyes Airdrome, 163
Shaffner, Wayne, 270
Shangri-La, 256
Sheetz, Keith W., 164
Shell Oil, 5, 261
Shirley Our Girlie, 98
“shuttle bombing,” 96, 101
Siberia, 96
Sicily, 2, 4, 13, 18
Sierra Nevada, xii
Silesia, 119, 205
Silver Star, 132, 165
Skakich, Vojislav, 166–69
Skytrain, 179
Slovakia, Slovaks, 69–71, 183, 274
Slovenia, 168, 180
Sluder, Chester L. “Chet,” 57, 98, 100
Smith, Claire, 270
Smith, Gerry, 270
Smith (lieutenant of Thirty-second Squadron), 164
Snaith, William G., 122
Snerd, Mortimer, 21
Sofia, Sofians, 5, 31, 52, 67–68, 167, 183, 282
Sorensen, Charles E., 9
Souhozem, 111
South Africa, 251
Southbridge, MA, 242
South Dakota, 240, 265
South Korea, 251
Soviet Union. See also Russia, Russians
Fifteenth’s mission to the, 101
leadership of the, 17
post–World War II, 269
Soviets. See also Russia, Russians
as ally of the West, 66, 71, 90, 95–96, 98–99, 101–2, 117, 131, 158, 199, 257
attacks against the, 66, 117, 145, 189–90, 194
demands of the, 38, 53, 96, 102, 200–1, 259
missions flown by the, 83, 90, 135–36, 158, 183, 188, 199–201
post–World War II, 262–63
Yalta and the, 218, 265, 269
Spaatz, Carl “Tooey”
and the Fifteenth Air Force, 3–4, 29, 38, 45, 85–86, 92, 94, 104
Göring and, 258
and other senior officers, 17–18
relationship with Doolittle, 4
relationship with Eisenhower, 85
Stalin and, 95–96
transfers after V-E Day, 261
Spain, 40, 266
Specht, Gunther, 80
Speer, Albert, 47–48, 221, 258, 272
Spencer, Charles, 34
Spezia, 13, 19
Spinazzola, 232, 278
Spitfires, 56, 200
Spittal, 248
SS Paul Hamilton, 159
Stahl, Hermann, 45
Stalag Luft IV (“Luft Four”), 233–34
Stalag XI-B, 236
Stalin, Joseph, 17, 95–96, 136, 183, 218
Standard Petrol, 83
Starbuck, William T., 140
Stars and Stripes, 244
St. Benedict, 36
Steaua Romana, 84, 133–34, 155
Stefonowicz, LeRoy, 241
Steinhoff, Johannes, 78–79, 265–66, 274, 281
Steyr, 42–45, 255
Stigler, Franz, 79, 230, 263, 266, 274, 281
St. Louis, MO, 193
Stornarella, 49
Stoyanov, Stoyan, 66
Strapko, William S., 228
Strategic Air Command (SAC), 249, 262
Stratton, Wilbur, 159–60
Streparone, 228
Strother, Dean, 33, 57, 61, 127, 195, 262
Stud, 21
Stuka Wing 77, 128
Sturmflieger, 205
Sturmstaffel, 79
Sulfur Spa, 138
Sullivan, Michael, 110–11
Superfortresses, 9
Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, 84
surface-to-air missile (SAM), 205–6
Swallow, 220
Sweden, 48
Swoose, The, 92
Symons, William, 110
T
“tail-end Charlie,” 228
“Taps,” 228
Taranto, 2
“target checks,” 152
Tarrant, Yancey, 127–28
Taylor, Oliver B. “Obie,” 19, 128
Taylor, Robert K., 29
Taylor, Yantis H., 195
Tedder, Arthur, 85
Tehran, 17
Tel Aviv, 249
“terror bombing,” 52
Terrorflieger, 237
Test Pilot, 8
Teutons, xiii, 148, 191, 235
Texas, xiv, 106–7, 233, 263, 265
Texas Hill Country, 234
Thaxton, Charles, 222
Third Reich, 47. See also Reich, the
“Thistle” aircraft, 91
Thorsen, James G., 90
Thousand Plane Raid, The, 259
Thunderbolts, 21, 33–34, 46, 57–58, 60, 251–52
Tiberius, 75–76
Tichy, Ekkehard, 79–80
Tito, Josip Broz, 168, 170, 177–81, 193
TNT, 188
Tokyo, 1, 5, 52, 82
Tone, Franchot, 73
Torremaggiore, 195
Torretta, 39, 51, 287
Tortarella, 11
Toulon, 138
Tovrea, Philip E., 125
Trafton, Fred, 180
Trandafirescu, Virgil, 109
Transport Plan, the, 220
Trinidad, 249
Triolo, 19, 73, 186, 238, 249, 278
Tripoli, 167
Troy, Martin, 270
Tunis, 2, 5
Tunisia, 4–5, 7–14, 20–21, 25, 142, 159, 167
Turbos, 220–21, 227–28, 230
Turin, 270
Tuskegee Airmen, 58, 123, 252–54
Tuskegee Airmen, 260
Twelve O’Clock High, 259
Twining, Merrill, 262
Twining, Nathan F. “Nate”
biography of, 27–29, 168
as leader of the Fifteenth, 27, 29–31, 33–34, 37, 55–56, 65, 84–85, 88, 112, 130, 133, 135, 145, 151, 156, 158–59, 184, 195, 202, 213, 231, 245, 248, 252–53
military operations conducted under, 32, 37–39, 41, 44, 48–51, 66–67, 84–86, 88–91, 93–94, 102, 104, 108–9, 113, 116, 136–37, 139, 155, 177–79, 185, 189–91, 197–99, 209–10, 216, 218–21, 225, 245
service after the Fifteenth, 249, 262
Tyrrhenian Sea, 14, 75, 175
U
U-boats, 13, 138
Udine, 20, 33, 123
Ukraine, 117, 132
“Uncle Sugar,” 249
Unirea Sperantza, 83, 133, 155
United States, the, 4, 12, 166, 176, 208, 247–49, 261, 266
Untersturmführer, 194
Urton, Tom, 200
U.S. Air Corps Tactical School, 28
U.S. Air Transport Command, 96, 249
U.S. Army, 12, 29, 38, 167–68
Eighth Army Group, 176
Fifth Army Group, 37, 101, 176, 231
Sixth Army Group, 137
U.S. Army Air Forces (AAF), 3, 10, 12–13, 32, 48, 95, 179, 252, 258
Eighth Air Force, 23, 88, 105, 197, 228, 234, 253–55, 266
492nd Bomb Group, 171
801st Bomb Group. See Carpetbaggers
VIII Bomber Command, 34
859th Fighter Squadron, 172–76, 279
leadership of the, 27, 29, 33, 51, 63, 97
missions of the, 12–13, 16–20, 26, 39–41, 44–51, 65, 94–97, 102, 105, 170, 172, 221, 225
versus other air forces, ix, 25, 34, 49, 195, 197, 258–61, 267, 282
Eleventh Air Force, 260–61
Fifteenth Air Force. See Fifteenth Army Air Force
Fifth Air Force, 260
First Air Force, 261
Fourteenth Air Force, 261
Fourth Air Force, 261
Ninth Air Force, 7, 14, 260
Seventh Air Force, 260–61
Sixth Air Force, 261
Tenth Air Force, 261
Seventh Bomb Group, 109
Thirteenth Air Force, 28, 33, 260–61
Twelfth Air Force, 159, 175, 178, 237, 252, 260
307th Fighter Squadron, 71
308th Fighter Squadron, 73
members of the, 2, 17, 261
missions of the, 4–7, 31–32, 36–37, 138, 180, 192
Thirty-first Fighter Group, 56, 60–61, 71–73, 90, 125–27, 145, 180, 186, 190, 196, 205, 221, 226, 229–30, 232, 239, 242, 244, 247, 251–54, 262, 268, 280–81
transfer to the Fifteenth, 6–7, 20, 56
XII Bomber Command, 7, 29
XII Troop Carrier Command, 178
Twentieth Air Force, 249
Twenty-first Engineer Aviation Regiment, 10
U.S. Army Ground Forces, 29, 248
U.S. Army MIA searchers, 270
U.S. Congress, 262
U.S. Department of Defense, 271
U.S. Department of War, 107, 159
U.S. Eastern Command, 96
U.S. Fifth Army, 37, 101, 176, 231
U.S. Marine Corps, 28, 159, 262
USO, 213, 218
U.S. Sixth Army Group, 137
U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe (USSTAF), 3, 29, 95, 178
Utah, xiv, 65
V
V-1 cruise missiles, 220
V-2 ballistic missiles, 220
VII Bomber Command, 34
Valorose (corporal), 73
Varnell, John, 196
Varnell, Sully, 202, 252, 263, 281
Vatican, the, 36
V-E Day, x, 27, 165, 181, 194, 198, 230, 240, 248–49, 260–61
Venosa, 205, 248, 278
Veszprem-Jutas, 90
Vezzano, 90
VHFs (radio sets), 154–56
“Victory Flights,” 245
Vienna, 128–29, 187, 205
as bombing target, 5, 55, 68–69, 76, 137, 142–43, 158, 190–91, 217, 219, 234, 238, 255
defense of, 40, 69, 137, 142–43, 190–91, 265
Viermots, xiv, 15, 78–80, 126, 142
Villa, Pancho, 28
Vincenza, 23
Virginia, 123, 228
Vis (island), 193
Vladivostok, 243
Volkssturm, 46
Voll, John J., 59, 72, 196, 202, 252, 263, 281
von Richt
hofen, Wolfram, 40
Voss, Werner, 21
Vozdushni Voiski, 67
Vulgar Vultures, 70, 241. See also Fifteenth Army Air Force: 455th Bomb Group
W
Waco gliders, 193
Walsh, Robert L., 96
War Lover, The, 259
Warm Springs, GA, 240
Warren, Robert H., 95
Warsaw, 52
Washburn College, 199
Washington, D.C., 18, 72, 166–67, 201, 261
Wasserfall, 205–6
Watson, Ralph J. “Doc,” 19
Watson, Thomas J., 157
Weather Reconnaissance Detachment, 154, 216, 279
Weekes, Ariel, 227, 264
Wehner, Howard, 228
Wehrmacht, xii, 118–19, 194, 220, 233, 255–57. See also Luftwaffe
Weis (Austria), 211
Weissenberger, Theodor, 222
Wellingtons, 133, 135
Wels (Austria), 212
Wendover, 65
Western Allies, 244. See also Allies
Western Europe, 40
West Point, 3, 19, 28–29, 50, 58, 171
Whitehead, Robert W., 238
White, Robbie, 208–9
Whitwell, Joseph, 151
Wiener Neustadt, 14–15, 17, 20, 43, 60, 92, 166, 205, 255
Willow Run, MI, 9, 65
Wilson, Charles, 132
Wilson, Henry Maitland, 3, 178
Wiltsie, Richard E., 131–32
Wisconsin, 28, 188
Women’s Army Corps (WAC), 74
Woodbine Red Leader, 262
World War I, 82. See also First World War
veterans of, 39–40
World War II, 193, 251, 271. See also Second World War
Bulgaria and, 67
casualties of, 109, 165
end of, 218
famous troops of, 252, 258
friendly fire and, 60
generation, 22
precision bombing in, 143, 232
role of oil in, 81–82
veterans of, ix, 40, 165, 263, 271, 274
Wray, Robert M. “Bob,” 212
“wrench benders,” 30, 232
Wright brothers, 9, 173
Wright Field, 155, 206
X
Xenia, 83, 101, 120–21, 130, 133, 135, 155
Y
Yakovlev, Yaks, 200
Yalta, 218
Yankee Doodle, 97
Yankee Doodle II, 97
Yugos, 149
Yugoslav Detachment, 166–69
Yugoslavia, Yugoslavians
and Americans, 23, 242
flight missions and, 89, 100, 102, 119, 132–33, 144, 151, 160, 167, 170, 172–75, 177, 180–81, 185, 199–201, 217, 220, 244, 250, 279
geography of, 42, 86, 190
Partisans, 61, 168, 179
Yugoslav Royal Air Force, 166–68
Z
Zadar, 181
Zagreb, 5, 41, 160, 216–17
Zalenak, Pavel, 71
Zara, 181
Zelasko, Thomas, 15–16
Zerstörer, 70–72
Zilistea, 127
Zirkle, Robert, 153
Zurney, Walter, 216–17