17.Related by Colonel Walter Boyne, USAF (Ret.), email January 13, 2013.
18.“460 Bombardment Group (H) Stories,” 15thaf.org, http://www.15thaf.org/55th_BW/460th_BG/Stories/Stories.htm; Duane L. “Sparky” Bohnstedt, historian of the 460th Bomb Group Association.
19.Sean Seyer, The Plan Put into Practice: USAAF Bombing Doctrine and the Ploesti Campaign (St. Louis: University of Missouri, 2009), 82.
20.Army Air Force Evaluation Board, Report, Volume VI: Ploesti (Mediterranean Theater of Operations, December 15, 1944), 51–52.
21.Seyer, The Plan Put into Practice: USAAF Bombing Doctrine and the Ploesti Campaign (St. Louis: University of Missouri, 2009), 82.
22.Walt W. Rostow, “Recollections on Bombing,” University of Texas at Austin, http://www.utexas.edu/opa/pubs/discovery/disc1997v14n2/disc-recollect.html.
23.William Green, ed., “The Allied Combined Bomber Offensive: Two German Views,” Proceedings of the Second Military History Symposium (U.S. Air Force Academy, May 1968).
24.Göring interview, May 10, 1945, http://library2.lawschool.cornell.edu/donovan/pdf/Interrogation_10May45.pdf.
25.Cited in Ambrose, The Wild Blue: The Men and Boys Who Flew the B-24s over Germany (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 169.
26.William N. Hess to author, 2011.
27.“Full Text Citations for Award of the Distinguished Service Cross,” Home of Heroes, http://www.homeofheroes.com/members/02_DSC/citatons/03_wwii-dsc/aaf_a.html.
28.Hess to author, 2010.
29.Mrs. Phyllis Mullins emails, July 2012.
30.Stigler, 1983.
31.Ralph Anderson emails, 2012.
32.Bill Hess telecom, December 2012.
33.“War Life,” 484th Bombardment Group (H), http://www.484th.org/Life/Life.htm.
34.“Sgt. Hugh N. Jones,” 450th Bob Group Memorial Association, http://www.450thbg.com/real/biographies/jones/jones.shtml.
35.Email, January 31, 2013.
36.Ernie Pyle, Brave Men (New York: Henry Holt, 1944), 293. Pyle was killed in the Okinawa campaign in April 1945.
37.“World War II,” dtic.mil, http://www.dtic.mil/dpmo/wwii/.
38.“Killed in 1944, Airman John S. McConnon May Be Coming Home,” 376th Heavy Bomb Group, http://www.376hbgva.com/memoirs/mcconnon.htm; Ann Belser, “WWII Aviator from City Will Finally Rest in Peace,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (March 16, 1999).
39.“Martin F. Troy,” arlingtoncemetery.net, August 10, 2007, http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/mftroy.htm.
40.Details courtesy of Dr. Daniel Haulman.
41.Andrew Tilghman, “New Medal ‘Insulting,’” Army Times (February 15, 2013). The DWM was canceled in April 2013.
42.Hess interview, April 2012.
43.Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970), 338.
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INDEX
12 O’Clock High, 260
A
A-3, 29, 158
“Able Box,” 34–35, 224, 242
Abschüsse, 112
“ace in a day,” 34, 223
Adell, Albert, 154
Adriatic coast (Italy), xiv
Adriatic Sea, 14, 33, 42, 45, 102, 213
Aegean Sea, 204–5
Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana (ANR), 22, 40–41
Aerospace Defense Command, 262
Africa. See North Africa; South Africa
Agan, Arthur C., 223, 262
Aghione, 138
Agusta 109 helicopters, 270–71
Air Crew Recovery Unit (ACRU), 178–81
Air Fleet Two, 39–40. See also Luftflotte (Air Fleet) Two
Air Force, 208–9
Air Force Association, 261–62
Air Materiel Command, 249, 262
Air Medals, 165
Air Transport Command, 96, 249
Alaska, 29, 199
Alaskan Air Command, 262
Albania, 174, 269–70, 280
Albuquerque, NM, 187
Aleutian, 260–61
Algeria, 19, 151
Algiers, 5, 159
Alkire, Darr H., 43
Allied Combined Chiefs of Staff, 4
Allies
bombing of enemy civilians by the, 52–53
composition of the, 22, 179
military progress of the, 4, 6, 21, 32, 66–67, 84, 133, 137, 139, 142, 210–11
Monte Cassino and the, 36
resources of the, 231
victory of the, 244
Allison engines, 56, 59, 151
Alps, the, xi–xii, 42, 130, 150, 153, 161, 174, 218, 225, 272
Ambrose, Stephen, 207
Amendola, 59, 110, 143, 243, 267, 277
American Airlines, 50
American Beauty, 202
American Fighter Aces Association, 263, 273
American Revolution, the, 27
Americans
casualties World War II, 15, 88, 269–70
chemical warfare and the, 16
civilians during World War II, 97
compared with Europeans, xii, 99–100, 207
operations in World War II, 2–4, 6, 22, 33, 36, 38, 45–49, 67–68, 71, 78, 87–89, 96, 102, 109, 129, 134–35, 140–41, 145–46, 170, 178, 180–81, 191, 204, 233, 236, 244, 265
and Soviets, 99, 105, 127, 131
“American summer,” 189
American West, xii
Ancona, 13, 181
Anderson, Edwin, 110–11
Anderson, Frederick L., 53
Anderson, Ralph, 267, 281
Andrews, Richard “Dick,” 131–32
Angermann (German pilot), 143
Anglo-American forces, 2, 4, 38, 53, 138, 158, 210–11
Antonescu, Ion, 136
Antwerp, 210–11
Anzio, 32, 39
Apollo oil refinery, 106
Archer, Lee, 190
Ardennes Forest, 210
Arkansas National Guard, 151
Arlington Cemetery, 263, 270
Armstrong, Frank, 23
Arnold, Henry “Hap,” 3, 5, 7, 17–19, 28–29, 52–53, 68, 261
Aron, William E., 238
Arsenic and Lace, 270
Ashkins, Milton, 222
Asia, 82
“As Time Goes By,” 258
Astra Romana, 83, 90, 112, 129–30, 133, 136–37, 155, 257
Atabrine, 108
Athens, 5, 192, 218, 249
Atkinson, John T., 205
Atkinson, Joseph H., 7
Augsburg, 17, 23, 47, 108, 158
Auschwitz, 119, 187, 213
Australia, 251
Austria
bombing of, 4, 13–14, 39, 42–43, 45, 55, 68, 105, 158, 160, 171, 174, 176–77, 211, 217, 219–24, 241, 250, 254, 279
geography of, xi, 4
Germany and, 40
surrender of, 244, 248
Aviano, 43, 202
Axis
Allied operations against the, ix–x, 4, 16, 26, 51, 53, 64, 66, 68, 85, 92, 101–2, 126, 177, 183, 186, 254, 272, 274
casualties among the, 93
military operations of the, 33, 67, 72, 86, 109, 112, 127, 131, 136, 191–92, 196, 237
surrender of the, 244
“Axis Sally,” 186
B
B-17Ds, 92
B-17 Flying Fortresses, 7
B-17Fs, 35, 140
B-17Gs, 35, 78, 188
B-17s, 7–9, 12–14, 24–26, 28, 33–37, 41, 44–45, 48, 65, 80, 86, 88, 91, 95, 97–99, 101–2, 105, 109, 123, 130, 132, 135, 140, 146, 171, 179, 186–88, 205, 208–9, 211, 222, 225–30, 234, 243, 248, 251, 263, 266, 269, 271
B-24Gs, 121
B-24Js, 9, 166
B-24s, 7–9, 14, 23, 26, 34–35, 39,
41, 43, 63, 65–66, 69, 86, 88–89, 94–95, 102, 106, 112, 116, 118, 120, 122–23, 130, 134, 166, 169, 171–73, 176, 181, 184, 197–98, 204, 216–17, 219, 221, 225–26, 241–42, 251, 265, 267, 269–71
B-25 Mitchells, 13
B-25s, 1, 7, 13, 25–26, 31, 249
B-26s, 7, 25–26
B-29s, 92, 187, 251, 261
B-29 Superfortresses, 9
Baetjer, Howard, 61
Baker, Donald, 198
Balkan Air Force, 178, 192, 201
Balkans, the, 4–5, 40, 66, 85, 119, 160, 171, 175, 177–78, 180, 185, 252, 254
Baller, Albert, 176
“Bambino Stadium,” 6
Bari, 2, 6–7, 14, 16–17, 23, 30, 62, 112, 126, 145, 151, 155, 159, 166, 173, 176, 178–79, 181, 184–85, 195, 209–10, 213, 245
“Barn, the,” 74
Baron Pavoncelli, 49
Barton, Bill, 211–12
Baseler, Robert L. “Bob,” 20–22, 33–34, 57–58, 216, 263
Battle of Britain, 39–40, 63, 199, 253
Battle of the Bulge, 211
Bauer, Konrad, 79
Bavaria, 108, 157, 221
“Behind the Rising Sun,” 73
Belgium, 80, 210
Belgrade, 68, 116, 185
Benedictine abbey, 35
Benghazi, 84
Bentsen, Lloyd, 265
Berenger, Victor Henri, 81
Bergen, Edgar, 21
Berlin Airlift, 263
Berlin Olympics (1936), 40, 186
Berlin Sleeper III, 135
Bf 109G-6s, 143
Bf 109Gs, 90
Bf 109s, 14, 39, 44, 100–1, 103, 109, 124, 140, 163, 190, 199, 203
Bf 110s, 39, 43–44, 70
Big Stud, 21, 58
Big Week, 38–39, 46, 48–49, 51, 55, 72, 91, 125
Big Yank, 228–29
Bishop, Albert, 228
Bizerte, 159
“Black Devil of the Ukraine, The,” 117
Black Easter, 67–68
“Black Hammer,” 187, 256
Black Sea, 136, 218
Blakely, Frank, 270
Blechhammer, 5, 119, 132–33, 137, 142–43, 181, 187–88, 190, 204–5, 210, 213, 217, 255–56
Blechhammer North, 119, 187, 217, 256
Blechhammer South, 119, 187, 217, 256
Bleyer, Julian, 14
Blida, 171–72
Blond Squaw, 105