Desmond Seward, Richard III: England’s Black Legend (1983)
Horace Walpole, Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of King Richard III (1768; reprinted 1974)
Genealogical Tree
Index
Alcock, John, Bishop of Worcester, 159
Alexander, Duke of Albany, 98, 130
Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick, 38–9, 44, 46, 81–2
Anne Neville, 46, 63, 80–1, 94, 111, 123–4, 129–30, 163, 165, 175, 198, 208
Argyll, Earl of, 168
Arundel, Earl of, 54
Assheton, Sir Ralph, 140, 162, 195
Bannaster, Ralph, 139
Battles: St Albans 1455, 25, 136; Northampton 1460, 29, 136; Wakefield 1460, 29, 31, 37; Mortimer’s Cross 1461, 31, 49; St Albans 1461, 31; Towton 1461, 32, 49, 52, 190, 211; Hexham 1464, 49, 52; Banbury 1469, 57; Lose-coat Field 1470, 59; Barnet 1471, 69, 71; Tewkesbury 1471, 71, 76–7, 81, 87, 133, 150, 182, 201; Bosworth 1485, 44, 146–7, 162, 187, 198, 208, 212, 215
Beauchamp, Richard, Earl of Warwick, 38
Beaufort, Edmund, 4th Duke of Somerset, 69, 71, 73
Beaufort, Henry, 3rd Duke of Somerset, 46, 49, 71
Beaufort, John, 1st Duke of Somerset, 18–9, 21, 24–5, 71
Bedford, Duchess of, 52
Berkeley, William, 182
Blount, James, 173
Bothwell, Earl, 98
Bourchier, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 28, 32, 118, 123–4
Brackenbury, Sir Robert, 142–3, 146, 162, 177, 184, 187, 195
Brandon, Sir William, 182, 195
Buckingham, Duchess of, see Catherine Woodville
Buckingham, Duke of, see Stafford, Henry
Burdett, Thomas, 90
Burgundy, Duchess of, see Margaret
Burgundy, Duke of, see Charles and Philip
Butler, Lady Eleanor, 118, 156
Butler, Sir Thomas, 118
Cade, Jack, 18–9
Calais, 21, 25, 28, 56, 85, 88, 106, 173, 177
Catesby, Sir William, 142, 156, 162, 176, 190, 214
Catherine, Duchess of Norfolk, 54
Catherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham, 107, 158
Charles VII of France, 18, 21
Charles VIII of France, 167
Charles the Rash, Duke of Burgundy, 55, 63, 83, 85, 87–8, 90
Chatterton, Edmund, 159
Cheyney, Sir John, 139, 182, 195
Cicely Neville, Duchess of York, 12, 25, 28, 31, 37, 39, 69, 173, 208
Clarence, Duke of, see George
Clarence, Duchess of, see Isabel Neville
Colynbourne, William, 173, 208
Commynes, Philip de, 69, 85, 87, 154
Constable, Sir Marmaduke, 155
Council, 25, 52, 77, 81, 90, 102, 106, 110–2, 114, 117–8, 133, 156, 159, 162, 166, 168, 207–8
Court, 18–9, 21, 24, 52, 55, 87, 89–91, 93, 99, 151, 154, 205, 214
Courtenay, John, Earl of Devon, 69
Croyland Chronicle, 29, 58, 90, 98, 106, 110, 136, 139, 141, 150, 162–3, 167, 186–7
Dacre, Lord, 190
de la Pole, Anne, 169
de la Pole, John, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, 123, 166
de la Pole, William, 1st Duke of 123, 166
de la Pole, William, Duke of Suffolk, 18, 21, 156
de Vere, Aubrey, 46
de Vere, John, 12th Earl of Oxford, 46
de Vere, John, 13th Earl of Oxford, 63, 68, 70–1, 82–3, 173, 182, 188, 191, 194–5, 215
Devon, Earl of, see Courtenay, John
Dighton, John, 143, 146
Dorset, Marquess of, see Grey, Thomas
Dymmock, Sir Thomas, 59
Edmund, Earl of Rutland, 12, 28–9, 31, 37
Edward IV: youth, 12, 28; character, 46, 49, 69, 93, 102, 160, 203, 205, 208, 211, 214; as a commander, 28–9, 31; proclaimed king 31–2; coronation, 37; deals with opposition, 46, 49, 56–9, 60, 63, 68–71, 73, 150; marriage, 52, 54, 150; foreign policy, 55, 63, 82–3, 85, 87–90, 97, 99; his children, 63, 99, 106, 109, 131–3, 136, 140–1, 147, 158, 175; and Henry VI’s death, 73, 76–7; and Richard, 77, 80–2, 93, 98, 102, 204; and Clarence, 90–1, 118; his death, 102, 106 112, 120; see also, 44, 84, 110–12, 114, 117–8, 129, 131, 148, 156, 158–9, 168, 176–7, 201, 205, 212
Edward V, 63, 69, 102–3, 106–10, 112, 117–8, 123–4, 129, 136, 140–1, 143, 146–51, 156, 201–2, 205
Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales, 21, 24, 29, 32, 63, 71, 73, 76–7, 129, 201
Edward, Prince of Wales, (Richard III’s son), 81, 130, 151, 158, 163, 165, 208, 212
Edward, Earl of Warwick, 165–6, 168
Elizabeth, Duchess of Suffolk (Richard III’s sister), 166
Elizabeth of York (Edward IV’s daughter), 87, 99, 138, 147–51, 165, 175, 182, 211, 214
Elizabeth Woodville, 52, 54–6, 59, 63, 69, 76, 91, 93, 102–3, 107–112, 114, 117–8, 124, 129, 131, 138, 147–8, 150, 156, 162, 204–5, 211, 214
Exeter, Duke of, 54, 70
Fabyan, Robert, 31, 52, 56, 68, 173
Fauconberg, Lord, 32
Ferrers, Lord, 139, 190
Forest, Miles, 143
Fortescue, Sir John, 49
France, 12, 18–9, 21, 52, 55, 59, 82, 85, 87, 159, 167, 175, 179, 182, 189
Francis, Duke of Brittany, 132, 138, 166
George, Duke of Clarence, 12, 28, 31, 37, 46, 55–6, 58–9, 68–9, 73, 77, 81–2, 87, 89–91, 93, 102–3, 118, 129, 151, 158–9, 162, 165, 201, 203–4, 211, 214
Gloucester, Duchess of, see Anne Neville
Graystoke, Lord, 190
Green, John, 142
Grey, Sir John, 52, 150
Grey, Lord Richard, 109, 123, 204
Grey, Thomas, Marquess of Dorset, 77, 102, 106, 109, 111, 131, 139, 205, 207, 214
Guildford, Sir John, 138
Guildford, Richard, 138, 182
Gunthorp, John, Dean of Wells, 159
Hall, Edward, 76, 184, 202
Harrington, John, 207
Hastings, William, Lord, 63, 70–1, 77, 102, 106, 109, 111–2, 114, 117–8, 121, 124, 129, 136, 141, 205, 214
Henry VI, 17–9, 21, 24–9, 31–2, 39, 49, 60, 63, 68–9, 73, 76–7, 83, 103, 129, 147, 156, 168, 201, 208
Herbert, Sir Walter, 182, 184–5
Herbert, William, created 1st Yorkist Earl of Pembroke in 1468, 57, 133
Herbert, William (son of above), 2nd Yorkist Earl of Pembroke, which he exchanged for earldom of Huntingdon in 1479, 54, 80, 160, 177
Howard, John, 1st Duke of Norfolk, 97, 112, 123, 129, 138, 160, 163, 169, 177, 184, 187–8, 190, 194, 215
Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey, 123, 160, 177, 184, 190
Hungerford, Walter, 139
Hussey, Sir William, 130
Ireland, 12, 19, 28–9, 166
Isabel, Duchess of Clarence, 46, 56, 81, 89
James III of Scotland, 97–8, 167, 169
Kendal, John, 130, 162
Kent, Earl of, 124
Landois, Pierre, 166–7
Langton, Thomas, Bishop of St David’s, 159, 215–6
Lincoln, Earl of, see de la Pole, John
Lisle, Viscount, 124, 167–8, 177
London, 18–9, 29–32, 49, 56, 58, 63, 68–70, 73, 77, 80, 84, 97–8, 102, 106, 108–112, 118, 120, 123, 138–9, 148, 150, 154, 166, 168, 177, 179, 184–5, 187, 190
Louis XI of France, 52, 55, 59–60, 63, 69, 82–3, 85, 87–8, 90, 97, 99, 167, 214
Lovell, Francis, Viscount, 46, 123, 130, 162, 184, 214
Lynom, Thomas, 207
Mancini, Dominic, 91, 93, 102, 107, 109, 117, 124, 141, 204
Margaret of Anjou, 18–9, 21, 24–5, 28–9, 31–2, 46, 49, 52, 60, 63, 69, 71, 73, 82, 87, 98, 156
Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, 55, 58, 63, 68, 88–9, 99
Mary of Burgundy, 88–90, 99
Middleham, 39, 46, 58, 80, 82, 94, 111, 163, 167, 204, 211
More, Thomas, 109,
112, 114, 117, 120, 142, 146–7, 160, 201–3, 205, 212, 214
Morley, Lord, 168
Morton, John, Bishop of Ely, 102, 111, 114, 117, 136, 138–9, 166
Neville, George, Archbishop of York, 32, 52, 56, 58, 68, 82
Neville, John, Lord Montagu Earl of Northumberland and later Marquess of Montagu, 46, 49, 52, 58–9, 63, 68, 71, 162
Neville, Richard, Earl of Warwick, 25, 28, 31–2, 37–9, 44, 46, 49, 52, 54–60, 63, 68–71, 76–7, 80–2, 90–1, 106, 162, 190
Neville, Richard, Earl of Salisbury, 25, 28–9, 31, 37–8
Norfolk, Duchess of, see Catherine
Norfolk, Duke of, see Howard, John
Northumberland, Earl of, see Neville, John and Percy, Henry
Oxford, Earl of, see de Vere, John, 12th Earl and de Vere, John, 13th Earl
Parliament, 19, 24, 82–3, 91, 99, 110, 112, 120–1, 123, 132, 147, 150, 156, 158–9, 162, 176–7, 189, 198, 205, 207, 211, 215
Paston, Sir John, 55, 82, 89
Pembroke, Earl of, see Herbert, William, 1st Yorkist Earl, Herbert, William, 2nd Yorkist Earl, and Tudor, Jasper, Lancastrian Earl
Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland, 68, 77, 80, 93–4, 97–8, 123, 129, 138, 160, 163, 168, 184–7, 190, 194, 214–5
Percy, Robert, 46, 162, 195, 214
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, 37, 55, 63
Picquigny, Treaty of, 87, 141, 167, 211
Pole, Margaret, 91
Ratcliffe, Sir Richard, 123, 142, 162, 176, 190, 195, 214
Rene, Duke of Anjou, 18, 49
Richard III: character, 93, 124, 154, 203–5, 207, 211–2, 214–6; youth, 12, 21, 28, 52, 55; goes to the Netherlands, 31, 37; becomes Duke of Gloucester, 37; in Warwick’s household, 44, 46; and Anne Neville, 46, 80–1, 94, 111, 123, 129; fights for Edward, 56, 58–9, 63, 69–71, 73; and Henry’s death, 76–7; quarrels with Clarence, 81–2, 91, 93; as Lieutenant of the North, 87, 90, 93–4, 97–8, 102; and Edward’s death, 102; as Protector, 102–3, 106–8, 110–1; captures Edward V, 109; and Hastings, 112, 114, 117; claims the throne, 118, 120–1, 123–4; royal progress, 129–30; and Buckingham’s rebellion, 136, 138–40; death of the Princes, 141–3, 146–51; his policies, 154–6; and Parliament, 156, 158–9; his finances, 160, 176–7; his followers, 160, 162; death of his son, 163, 165; chooses his successor, 165–6; prepares for war, 163, 166–8, 171, 173, 175, 177, 182; Anne’s death, 175–6; and the Stanleys, 179, 184–5, 191; at Bosworth, 185–8, 190, 194–5; later portrayals of Richard, 198, 201, 202, 204; see also, 17–8, 38, 85, 133, 169, 183
Richard, Duke of York, (Richard III’s father), 12, 16–9, 21, 24–5, 28–9, 31, 37–8, 46
Richard, Duke of York, (Edward IV’s son), 106–7, 118, 124, 136, 140–1, 143, 146–51, 201–2, 205
Richmond, Earl of, see Tudor, Henry
Richmond, Countess of, see Margaret Beaufort
Rivers, Richard, Earl, 59
Rivers, Anthony, Earl, 63, 90, 102–3, 106–9, 111, 118, 123, 204, 211
Rotherham, Thomas, Archbishop of York, 102, 109–11, 114, 117, 159
Rothesay, Duke of, 169
Rous, John, 168, 195, 198, 202–3, 211
Russell, John, Bishop of Lincoln, 110, 112, 156, 159
Rutland, Earl of, see Edmund
St Leger, Thomas, 139
St Pol, Count of, 85
Salisbury, Earl of, see Neville, Richard
Savage, Sir John, 185, 194
Scotland, 29, 98–9
Scrope, Lord, of Bolton, 162, 190
Shaa, Dr Ralph, 120, 124, 151
Shore, Jane, 114, 205, 207
Slaughter, William, 143
Somerset, Duke of, see Beaufort, Edmund, Beaufort, Henry, and Beaufort, John
Stafford, Henry, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 54, 91, 107–12, 117, 120–1, 124, 129, 136, 138–41, 147–8, 151, 156, 160, 162, 176, 182, 201, 205, 211, 214–5
Stafford, Hugh, 195
Stafford, Humphrey, 139
Stafford, Thomas, 195
Stanley, Thomas, Lord, 59, 63, 98, 111, 114, 117, 123, 130, 158, 160, 163, 169, 179, 183–7, 191, 194, 214–5
Stanley, Sir William, 160, 163, 183–8, 195, 208, 215
Stillington, Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 118, 159
Strange, Lord, 179, 184–5, 191
Suffolk, Earl of, see de la Pole, John, and de la Pole, William
Surrey, Earl of, see Howard, Thomas
Talbot, Sir Gilbert, 183, 194
Talbot, John, 21
Tudor, Henry, Earl of Richmond, 124, 130, 132–3, 136, 138–40, 146–8, 151, 158–9, 163, 165–7, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 182–7, 191, 194–5, 198, 201–2, 211–2, 214–5
Tudor, Jasper, Lancastrian Earl of Pembroke, 31, 63, 133, 182
Tyrell, Sir James, 142–3, 146, 162, 173, 177
Tyrell, Sir Thomas, 143
Urswick, Christopher, 166
Vaughan, Sir Roger, 139
Vaughan, Sir Thomas, 109, 111, 123, 139
Vergil, Polydore, 130, 136, 146, 186–7, 194, 201–2
Von Poppelau, Nicolas, 204, 211
Wales, 29, 59, 71, 110, 112, 129, 139, 177, 182–3, 186
Warkworth, John, 73, 76–7
Warwick, Earl of, see Neville, Richard, Beauchamp, Richard, and Edward (Clarence’s son)
Waynflete, William, Bishop of Winchester, 129
Welles, Lord, 59
Welles, Sir Robert, 59
Williams, Richard, 177
Wiltshire, Earl of, 31
Woodville, Sir Edward, 102, 110–1, 182
Woodville, John, 54
Woodville, Lionel, Bishop of Salisbury, 102, 131, 139
Woodville, Sir Richard, 131, 139
York, 29, 32, 58, 94, 106, 111, 124, 130, 138, 167, 176, 185, 207–8, 211
York, Duchess of, see Cicely Neville
York, Duke of, see Richard (Richard III’s father) and Richard (Edward IV’s son)
Young, Thomas, 19
Zouche, Lord, 190
About The Life and Times of Richard III
Richard III is one of the most mysterious figures in English history, and as such is the source of perennial fascination. Comparatively little is known of his early life, his appearance, his interests, for up to 1483 he played second fiddle to his more glorious older brothers, Edward ‘this sun of York’, and the feckless Clarence.
Cheetham cuts through the legend and the propoganda to try to retrace the life of Richard, the forgotten years before he assumed the throne, and thus to place in focus those final hectic years before the last of the Plantagenets died on Bosworth Field. Did he really believe his brother and nephews were illegitimate? Why did he seize the throne? What happened to the princes in the tower?
First published in 1992, and acknowledged as the inspiration behind Philippa Gregory’s portrayal of Richard in her bestselling THE WHITE QUEEN, this new edition brings the story of England’s most infamous monarch fully up to date.
About Anthony Cheetham
ANTHONY CHEETHAM has worked in the publishing industry for more than forty years.
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First published in Great Britain in 1972 by George Weidenfeld and Nicolson Limited and Book Cub Associates
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