INDEX
All military units are British unless otherwise indicated
4th Division (Regular Army) 161–2
VII Corps 154, 158–9
see also individual units
7th Division (Regular Army) 187–90
VIII Corps 14, 19, 67, 73, 101, 196–8, 231–2, 235
see also individual units
8th Division (Regular Army) 175–6
X Corps 33–4, 218, 233–4
see also individual units
11th Division (French) 194–5
XIII Corps 93, 97, 194, 218
see also individual units
17th (Northern) Division (New Army) 185–7
18th (Eastern) Division (New Army) 190–2
XX Corps (French) 194–5
21st Division (New Army) 183–5
XXXV Corps (French) 194, 195
29th Division (Regular Army) 9, 21–2, 121–2, 135–6, 162–4, 166, 233, 235, 237
see also Newfoundland Regiment
30th Division (New Army) 192–3
31st Division (New Army) 159–61, 196
32nd Division (New Army) 170–4
34th Division (New Army) 176–83
50th Brigade 185–7
55th Bavarian Landwehr Regiment (German) 180
86th Brigade 97, 162
87th Brigade 3, 5, 7, 9–10, 12, 14, 20, 98, 162
88th Brigade 3, 9–10, 14, 98, 122, 162
94th Brigade 132
97th Brigade 107, 109, 170–4
99th Brigade 170
108th Brigade 164
109th Brigade 164, 165
109th Regiment (German) 130–1, 190–1
110th Regiment (German) 127, 133, 186
111th Regiment (German) 186
153rd Regiment (French) 192
180th Regiment (German) 132–5
Abbeville 210
Accrington Pals (11th Battalion) 160–1
aerial reconnaissance 72, 74, 79, 187, 234
Albert 44, 175, 178, 195, 216, 222
Albrecht of Prussia, Prince 145
Alexander, Capt. Harold 220–1
Allenby, Gen. Sir E. 59
ambulance trains 208–9
Amiens, Battle of (1918) 242
Ancre (River) 3, 41–2, 59, 61, 80
Andresen, Kresten 104
Appleyard, Cpl. Sidney 85–6, 106, 107, 110, 117, 157–8
armistices 210–11, 212
Arnim, General von 187
Arras, Battle of (1917) 24, 238, 240–1, 249
Asquith, Herbert Henry 31
Asquith, Lt. Raymond 220
Assevillers 195
At GHQ (book) 77
attritional warfare 39, 41, 62, 63, 245, 247–8
Austria-Hungary 35, 40, 247–8, 249
Badcock, Mary 95–6
Balfourier, Gen. Maurice 194
Ball, Maj. James 162
Bapaume 44, 61–2, 175, 195, 216, 217, 220
barbed wire cutting (British) 7, 68–9, 86, 92–3, 101–2, 132, 135, 157, 158, 165, 233–4
barbed wire usage (German) 40, 45, 99–101, 155, 157
Barnett, Corelli 38
Barnsley Pals (11th Battalion) 160
Barron, Pte. J. 182
Bastard, Lt.-Col. Reginald 130
Baumber, Pte. Harry 176–8
Bavarian 1st Army Corps (German) 80–1
Bazentin Ridge, Battle of (1916) 63–5
Beaumont Hamel 113, 118–20, 140, 153, 162–3, 196, 201, 212–13
and Newfoundland Regiment 3, 9–10, 12–13, 17–19, 22
Becquincourt 195
Bell, Capt. E. N. F. 139
Below, Gen. Fritz von 42, 80
Berdoulat, Gen. 194
Bere, Revd Montague Acland ‘Monty’ 108–9
Bidder, Capt. Harold 106, 111
Bilson, LCpl. G. 191–2
‘bite and hold’ tactics 60
Blackadder Goes Forth (TV series) 28
Blenk, Musketier Karl 131
‘blob formation’ 172
Bloomfield, Pte. William 180
Bloor, Lt. William 105–6, 107–8
Blücher, Princess Evelyn von 225–6
Boer War (1899–1902) 28, 202, 232
Bois Faviere 194
Bond, Brian 196
Boyd, Piper Alexander 179–80
Boyne, Battle of the (1690) 164
Braithwaite, Valentine 162
Brammer, Pte. Archie 161
Brennan, Gerald 211
Bright, Bill 85
Britain
barbed wire cutting 7, 68–9, 86, 92–3, 101–2, 132, 135, 157, 158, 165, 233–4
battlefield tactics 58–63, 66–8, 69, 72, 97, 153, 154–5, 235, 246–7, 248
casualty figures 21–2, 128, 142, 155, 160, 160, 175–6, 183, 201–7, 216, 218, 221–2, 245, 249
coordination of Somme offensive 217
declares war on Germany 22
divisional structure of BEF 51–3
equipment carried by troops 14, 24, 68, 70–1, 92, 121–2
expectancy of the ‘Big Push’ 7, 77–80, 90–1
Intelligence limitations 69, 72–6
lack of experience of senior officers 54
lessons learned from Somme offensive 232–9, 242, 248, 249–50
mass voluntarism 48–9
mines detonated 123–8
morale amongst troops 51, 68, 110–11, 119–20, 130, 137–8, 223–4
officer class 128–30, 236–7
overestimation of artillery effectiveness 7, 14, 38–9, 58–60, 68–9, 86–7, 92–3, 97–9, 110, 113, 248
‘pals’ battalions 49–51, 159–61, 202
poor quality munitions 94–5, 96, 146, 249
positioning of trenches 136
preliminary artillery bombardment 103–9
preparations for the ‘Big Push’ 87–93, 101–2, 110–13
promised troops by governor of Newfoundland 22, 23
repercussions of Somme 224–5, 226, 227
Somme campaign strategy 34–6, 38–40, 43, 45–6, 53–4
and timing of ‘Zero Hour’ attack 118
trench life 46–7, 77–8
VC awards 138–41, 166
wounded casualties 207–15
see also individual units
Brock, Bill 210
Brooke, FM Sir Alan 249
Brooke, Rupert 189–90
Brusilov Offensive (1916) 35, 76, 80
Bury, LCpl. H. 160
Byrnes, Pte. Charlie ‘Ginger’ 3–4, 10, 12, 20–1
Cabot, John 22
Cambrai, Battle of (1917) 24
Canada 22
Carrington, Charles 239
Carroll, Pte. Thomas 17
Carter, Pte. W. 131
casualty figures 22, 38, 128, 142, 155, 160, 175–6, 183, 201–7, 216, 218, 221–2, 245, 249
Cather, Lt. Geoffrey 139, 140–1
cavalry 63–6, 76, 142, 195, 242
Cayley, Brig.-Gen. Douglas E. 3, 9–10, 18–19
Chaney, Bert 220
Chantilly conference (1915) 35, 36
Charlton, Capt. J. M. 183
Charteris, Brig.-Gen. John 41, 69, 72, 74, 76–7
Chlorine gas 102–3
Christmas Truce (1914) 146, 210
Churchill, Winston 30–1, 138, 224, 245–6, 249
Clark, Alan 28, 47
Clonmel Avenue 5, 10
Coldstream Guards (2nd Battalion) 90
Congreve, Lt.-Gen. Walter 218
Contalmaison 176
Cook, LCpl. Arthur 111, 113
Cotton, Lt.-Col. A. S. 170–1
County Tyrone Battalion (36th Division) 130
Cousins, LCpl. J. 136
Covenant with Death (novel) 47–8, 88–9, 99, 160, 201
‘cowardice’ 137–8
creeping barrages 234, 238, 242
Crozier, Percy 171
Curlu 59, 93, 194–5
Dadd, Julian 78
DADMS (Deputy As
sistant Director of Medical Services) 90–1
‘Danger Tree’ 15
Dardanelles campaign (1915–1916) 23, 33, 34, 162, 246
Davidson, Walter 22, 23
Davies, Gwilym Ewart 89–90, 144
de Castelnau, Gen. Noël 81
de Lisle, Maj.-Gen. Henry de Beauvoir 9–10, 19, 21, 24, 97, 232–3, 237
‘defensive attrition’ 41
Derby, Earl of 69
Deutscher Soldatenhof memorial 204
Devennie, Pte. J. 131
Diggle, Maj. 172
Dompierre 195
Dorset Regiment (1st Battalion) 142–4
Douchy-lès-Ayette 145
Down, Lt. Cecil 91
Duchêne, Gen. 194
Dunbar, Rifleman W. 167
East Lancashire Regiment (11th Battalion) 160–1
Easton, Pte. Tommy 182
Edmonds, Brig-Gen Sir J. E. 86–7, 118, 122, 158–9, 170
Elliot, Pte. J. 125, 179, 180
equipment carried (British) 14, 24, 68, 70–1, 92, 121–2
Esher, Lord 74
Essex Regiment (1st Battalion) 3, 14, 19
Ewald, Lieutenant von 145
Fairfax, Lt.-Col. Bryan 192–3
Falkenhayn, Gen. Erich von 36, 39, 66, 217
Fayolle, Gen. 194, 247
Field Service Regulations (tactical manual) 29
Fildes, 2nd–Lt. Geoffrey 90
‘fire and movement’ tactics 59–60
Fitzgerald, Sgt. H. 157
Florizel (ship) 23
Foch, Gen. Ferdinand 36, 118, 247
Forbes–Robinson, Maj. James 23
Forman, Lt.-Col. Douglas Evans 97–8
Fowke, Lt.-Gen. George 216
France
artillery barrages 93–4, 97, 98
casualty figures 38, 204, 222, 249
coordination of Somme offensive 217
and mutinies 223–4
Somme campaign strategy 34–6, 38–40, 43
troop successes and breakthroughs 194–5, 216
and timing of ‘Zero Hour’ attack 118
and Verdun Offensive 36, 38, 40–1, 66, 72–3, 103, 217, 224, 226–7, 247
French, Sir John 27, 30
Fricourt 153, 159, 183, 185–7, 201, 204, 223
Frise 195
Frontiers, Battle of the (1914) 202
Fuller, Lt.-Col. C. G. 136
Fyfe, LCpl. Pipe Garnet Wolseley 179
Gallipoli campaign (1915–1916) 23, 33, 34, 162, 246
Gambling, Gunner F. J. G. 107, 109–10, 111, 186, 216
gas shells/attacks 89, 91, 97, 102–3, 105, 110, 148, 208, 248
George V, King 30, 80, 141
Germany
barbed wire usage 10, 40, 45, 99–101, 155, 157
Britain declares war on 22
casualty figures 204, 221, 222, 249
changed attitude to British army 225–6
expectancy of the ‘Big Push’ 7, 78–80
morale amongst troops 103–7, 227, 247
repercussions of Somme 224–7
Somme campaign strategy 40, 42–6
submarine attacks 224, 227
trench networks 11, 13, 14–15, 43–6, 74–5, 142, 147
Gettysburg, Battle of (1863) 98
Gibbs, Philip 103, 137, 192
Gommecourt 59, 153, 154–9, 212, 213, 250
Goodbye to All That (autobiography) 215
Gordon Highlanders (7th division) 91, 188
Gordon, Lt. 172
Gotto, Basil 24
Graham, Pte. Stephen 214–15
Grant, Pte. Thomas 180–1, 204
Grant, W. J. 166–7
Graves, Robert 215
Great Contemporaries (book) 30–1, 224
Green, Capt. John 139–40
Greenwood, Bdr. 108
Grimsby Chums (10th Battalion) 176–8
‘group-think’ 69, 74
Hadow, Lt.-Col. Arthur 3, 7–8, 10, 17–19, 23, 24
Haig, Gen. Sir Douglas
appointed commander-in-chief of BEF 28, 30
battlefield tactics 58–63, 66–8, 69, 72, 97, 153, 154–5, 235, 246, 248
campaign strategy 33–4, 36, 38–9, 41, 43
and casualty figures 202, 203, 216
and cavalry use 63, 66, 76
character of 30–3
Christianity/faith of 32, 153
and continuation of Somme offensive 217–18
controversial reputation of 28, 62–3, 66, 196, 239, 245–6
early military career 28–30
and French breakthroughs 195
funeral of 225
and Gommecourt offensive 154–6, 158–9
and Intelligence limitations 69, 72–6
lessons learned from Somme offensive 239, 242
and Lloyd George 224–5
misinformation about successes 186–7, 196, 216
overestimation of artillery effectiveness 38–9, 58, 60, 68–9, 248
political enemies 30–1
and positioning of trenches 136
preparations for the ‘Big Push’ 87–8, 90
promised commander-in-chief role by Kitchener 27–8
and repercussions of Somme 227
and VC awards 140–1
Haig, Lady 67, 153, 195–6, 197, 202
Hall, Lt.-Col. John 212–13
Hall, Lt. Warwick 188
Halliwell, Pte. Frank 164
Hampshire Regiment (2nd Battalion) 3, 44
Hardecourt 194
Harris, John 47–8, 88–9, 160, 201
Hart, Lt. Basil Liddell 31, 62, 66, 185
Hartness, Richard 172
Hartness, Pte. Thomas 172
Hawkings, Pte. Frank 111
Hawkins, Lt. Richard 214
Hawthorn Ridge 6–7, 123–5, 159, 233
HE (high explosive) munitions 69, 98–9, 101, 123, 125, 234
Heneker, Lt.-Col. F. C. 183
Hentig, Capt. von 245
Herbecourt 195
Herder, Lt. Hubert 15
Herries, Capt. W. 91–2, 178, 182, 183
Higson, Edward ‘Ted’ 119–20, 193, 214
Hindenburg Line 95, 226–7
Hindenburg, FM Paul von 217, 218, 226–7
Hitler, Adolf 80
HLI (Highland Light Infantry) 143–4, 171, 172
HMS Hampshire 41
Hohenzollern Redoubt 154
Holmes, Richard 38
Horne, Lt.-Gen. Henry 237
Howard, Professor Sir Michael 31
Hudson, Maj.-Gen. Henry 175
Hunter-Weston, Lt.-Gen. Sir Aylmer 14, 101, 123, 125, 197–8, 231–2
‘hurricane bombardment’ 6, 233
Huxtable, Captain 78
Iles, Horace 161
Instructions for the Training of Platoons for Offensive Action (training pamphlet) 236
Intelligence limitations 69, 72–6
Irwin, Col. 192
Italy 35, 36, 217
Jacquot, Gen. 194
Jardine, Brig. J. B. 170–1, 237
Joffre, General Joseph 27, 28, 34, 36–40, 73
Jones, Nigel 247
Josephs, 2nd Lt. J. 159
Jünger, Ernst 104, 144–9, 235
Keegan, John 33
Kent, Maj. 184
Kern Redoubt 154
Kiggell, Lt.-Gen. Launcelot 216, 246
King’s Liverpool Regiment (17th Battalion) 192
Kitchener, Lord 27–8, 41, 48–9, 202
Kitchener’s New Army (‘Kitchener’s Mob’) 47–8, 54, 68, 160, 202, 238
La Boisselle 125–6, 135, 153, 159, 176–7, 180–3, 209
Lambton, Hon. Sir William 161
Lawson, Cpl. E. J. 154–5, 156–7
Le Petit, Commandant 192–3
Le Tréport hospital 158
Ledingham, Capt. Jim 14
Leipzig Redoubt 143, 170–1, 237
Lewis, Cecil 67, 113, 126
lifting
barrages 58–9, 67, 234
Lincolnshire Regiment (1st Battalion) 184–5
Lincolnshire Regiment (10th Battalion) 176–8
Lind, Frank 15
Lloyd George, David 206–7, 224–5, 245, 246
Lochnagar mine 125–7
London Division (56th) 157–9
Longbourne, Col. 188
Lonsdale Battalion (97th Brigade) 109, 171–4
Lonsdale, Pte. W. S. 163
Loos, Battle of (1915) 27, 30, 57, 102, 118, 154, 247
looting of corpses 214–15
Lorraine, Battle of (1914) 81
Loudon-Shand, Maj. Stewart 140
Louvencourt 3–4, 7–8
Ludendorff, Gen. Erich Friedrich Wilhelm 80, 81, 217, 226–7, 242
Ludendorff Offensive (1918) 226
Lutyens, Sir Edwin 205
Lys, Battle of (1918) 24
Machell, Lt.-Col. Percy 171–2, 174
Machine Gun Corps 58
machine gun developments 57–8, 234–5
Macmillan, Capt. Harold 220
Malcolm, Capt. G. E. 20
Mametz 129, 153, 187–8, 196, 215
Manchester pals (18th Battalion) 119, 123, 193, 214
Maricourt 93
Mark Copse 160
Marne, Battle of the (1914) 33, 81
Martin, Capt. Duncan 129
Maschinengewehr-Scharfschützen-Abteilungen (machine gun company) 57
Mawdsley, Pte. J. H. 160–1
Maxim guns 12–13, 57–8
Maxim, Hiram 57
Maxse, Maj.-Gen. Ivor 190, 191, 214
MC (Military Cross) 141, 162
McFadzean, Pte. W. F. 140, 141
McKerrow, Dr. Charles 209
McMillan, LCpl. Daniel George 159
Memoirs of an Infantry Officer (book) 77–8
mercy killings 210
Minet, Lt.-Col. E. C. J. 128
MM (Military Medal) 141, 178
Moltke, FM Helmuth von 67
Monchy-au-Bois 145
Monchy-le-Preux, Battle of (1917) 5
Mons, Battle of (1914) 162
Montauban 59, 94, 97, 129, 153, 187, 192–3, 196, 210, 214
Morgan, Nurse 208
Morland, Lt.-Gen. Sir Thomas 218
Morval 61
Munro, Hector (‘Saki’) 221
mutinies 223–4
Napoleonic Wars 98
Neuve Chapelle, Battle of (1915) 68–9, 99, 247
Nevill, Capt. Wilfred ‘Billy’ 129–30
Newfoundland 22, 23
Newfoundland Patriotic Association 22
Newfoundland Regiment (1st Battalion)
advance on enemy 8–10, 12–17, 162–3
bury their dead 21
calmness/steadiness of 15–16, 20, 24
casualties/losses 15–19, 20–2, 23–4, 201–2
come under heavy fire 12–16, 24
equipment carried 14, 24, 122
formation practice 7–8
heroism of 17–18, 24
ineffective artillery support 7, 10, 14–15, 21, 24, 162–3
at Louvencourt 3–4, 7–8
march to support trenches 5–6