1/4th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry
1/5th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry
PIONEERS
1/3rd Monmouths
XIII CORPS
(Lt.-Gen. W.M. Congreve VC)
18th (Eastern) Division (New Army)
(Maj.-Gen. F.I. Maxse)
53rd BRIGADE
8th Norfolk
6th Royal Berkshire
10th Essex
8th Suffolk
54th BRIGADE
11th Royal Fusiliers
7th Bedfordshire
6th Northamptonshire
12th Middlesex
55th BRIGADE
7th Queen’s
7th Buffs
8th East Surrey
7th Royal West Kent
PIONEERS
8th Royal Sussex
30th Division (New Army)
(Maj.-Gen. J.S.M. Shea )
21st BRIGADE
18th King’s (2nd Liverpool Pals)
19th Manchester (4th Pals)
2nd Wiltshire
2nd Green Howards
89th BRIGADE
17th King’s (1st Liverpool Pals)
19th King’s (3rd Liverpool Pals)
20th King’s (4th Liverpool Pals)
2nd Bedfordshire
90th BRIGADE
2nd Royal Scots Fusiliers
16th Manchester (1st Pals)
17th Manchester (2nd Pals)
18th Manchester (3rd Pals)
PIONEERS
11th South Lancashire
The 9th (Scottish) Division was in reserve
XV CORPS
(Lt.-Gen. H.S. Horne)
7th Division (Regular Army)
(Maj.-Gen. H.E. Watts)
20th BRIGADE
8th Devonshire
9th Devonshire
2nd Border
2nd Gordon Highlanders
22nd BRIGADE
2nd Royal Warwickshire
20th Manchester (5th Pals)
1st Royal Welch Fusiliers
2nd Royal Irish
91st BRIGADE
2nd Queen’s
1st South Staffordshire
21st Manchester (6th Pals)
22nd Manchester (7th Pals)
PIONEERS
24th Manchester (Oldham Pals)
17th (Northern) Division (New Army)
(Maj.-Gen. T.D. Pilcher )
50th BRIGADE
10th West Yorkshire
7th East Yorkshire
7th Green Howards
6th Dorset
51st BRIGADE
7th Lincolnshire
7th Border
8th South Staffordshire
10th Sherwood Foresters
52nd BRIGADE
9th Northumberland Fusiliers
10th Lancashire Fusiliers
9th Duke of Wellington’s
12th Manchester
PIONEERS
7th Yorkshire and Lancashire
21st Division (New Army)
(Maj.-Gen. D.G.M. Campbell )
62nd BRIGADE
12th Northumberland Fusiliers
13th Northumberland Fusiliers
1st Lincolnshire
10th Green Howards
63rd BRIGADE
8th Lincolnshire
8th Somerset Light Infantry
4th Middlesex
10th Yorkshire and Lancashire
64th BRIGADE
9th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry
10th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry
1st East Yorkshire
15th Durham Light Infantry
PIONEERS
14th Northumberland Fusiliers
3rd Army
(Gen. Sir E. Allenby)
VII CORPS
(Lt.-Gen. Sir T. D’Oyly Snow)
46th (North Midland) Division (Territorials)
(Maj.-Gen. Hon E.J. Montagu-Stuart-Wortley)
137th BRIGADE
1/5th South Staffordshire
1/6th South Staffordshire
1/5th North Staffordshire
1/6th North Staffordshire
138th BRIGADE
1/4th Lincolnshire
1/5th Lincolnshire
1/4th Leicestershire
1/5th Leicestershire
139th BRIGADE
1/5th Sherwood Foresters
1/6th Sherwood Foresters
1/7th Sherwood Foresters
1/8th Sherwood Foresters
PIONEERS
1/1st Monmouth
56th (London) Division (Territorials)
(Maj.-Gen. C.P.A. Hull)
167th BRIGADE
1/1st London
1/3rd London
1/7th Middlesex
1/8th Middlesex
168th BRIGADE
1/4th London
1/12th London (Rangers)
1/13th London (Kensington)
1/14th London (1st London Scottish)
169th BRIGADE
1/2nd London
1/5th London (1st London Rifle Brigade)
1/9th London (Queen Victoria’s Rifles)
1/16th London (Queen’s Westminster Rifles)
PIONEERS
1/5th Cheshire
The 37th Division was in Reserve
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
The bibliography on the battle of the Somme is so vast that I have only mentioned here books that I have relied on heavily or quoted from in this book. All books are published in London unless otherwise stated.
ANONYMOUS, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth Battalions The Manchester Regiment: First City Brigade 1 (Naval and Military Press, 1923)
BARDGETT, Colin, The Lonsdale Battalion (The Cromwell Press, 1993)
BARNETT, Correlli, The Lords of War: Supreme Leadership from Lincoln to Churchill (The Praetorian Press, 2012)
BEACH, Jim, Haig’s Intelligence: GHQ and the German Army 1916–1918 (Cambridge University Press, 2013)
BILTON, David, Hull Pals (Wharncliffe Books, 1999)
BLACK, Jeremy, The Great War and the Making of the Modern World (Bloomsbury, 2011)
BLAKE, Robert, (ed.), The Private Papers of Sir Douglas Haig 1914–1919 (Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1952)
BOND, Brian, (ed.), et al, Look To Your Front (The History Press, 1999)
BORASTON, J. H., (ed.), Sir Douglas Haig’s Despatches (J.M. Dent & Sons,1919)
BROWN, I.M., British Logistics on the Western Front 1914–19 (Praeger Publishers, Connecticut, 1998)
BRYANT, Peter, Grimsby Chums (Humberside Heritage Publications, 1990)
CARTER, Terry, Birmingham Pals (Pen & Sword, 1997)
CAVE, Nigel, Battleground Europe: Somme (Pen & Sword, 2000)
CHARTERIS, John, Field-Marshal Earl Haig (Cassell, 1929)
——, At G.H.Q. (Cassell, 1931)
CHRISTIE, N.M., For King and Empire: The Newfoundlanders in the Great War (CEF Books, Ottawa, 2003)
CHURCHILL, Winston, The World Crisis, vol 3 (Thornton Butterfield, 1927)
——, Great Contemporaries (Macmillan and Co., 1942)
COOKSEY, Jon, Pals: The 13th and 14th Battalions York and Lancaster Regiments (Barnsley Chronicle, 1986)
COOPER, Alfred Duff, Haig (Faber, 1935)
COWLEY, Robert, (ed.), The Great War: Perspectives on the Great War (Random House, 2004)
DEWAR, George, and Boraston, J.H., Sir Douglas Haig’s Command (Constable, 1922)
DUFFY, Christopher, The German Army on the Somme (Pen & Sword, 2007)
EMDEN, Richard Van, Meeting the Enemy (Bloomsbury, 2013)
——, Tommy’s War (Bloomsbury, 2014)
ENGLUND, Peter, The Beauty and the Sorrow: An Intimate History of the First World War (Knopf, 2011)
FARRAR-HOCKLEY, A.H., The Somme (Batsford, 1964)
FERGUSON, Niall, The Pity of War (Basic Books, 1999)
GIBSON, Ralph, and Oldfield, Paul, Sheffield City Battalion (Leo Cooper, 1988)
GILBERT, Martin, The Somme (Henry Holt & Co., 2006)
HAIG, Countess, The Man I Knew (Moray Press, 1936)
HARRIS, John, Covenant with Death (Arrow, 1961)
HART, Peter, The Somme (Cassell Military Paperbacks, 2008)
HASTINGS, Max, Catastrophe: Europe Goes to War 1914 (William Collins, 2013)
HERWIG, H.H., First World War (Bloomsbury, 1997)
HORNE, Charles, F., (ed.), Sources Records of The Great War, vol. 4 (The American Legion, Indianapolis, 1931)
JÜNGER, Ernst, Storm of Steel (Allen Lane, 2003)
KEEGAN, John, The Face of Battle (Penguin, 1976)
——, The First World War (Alfred A. Knopf, 2001)
LEE, John, The Warlords: Hindenburg and Ludendorff (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005)
LEWIS, Cecil, Sagittarius Rising (Greenhill, 1936)
LEWIS, John, (ed.), The Mammoth Book of How it Happened (Robinson, 1998)
LIDDELL HART, B.H., Through the Fog of War (Random House, 1938)
LLOYD GEORGE, D., War Memoirs (Odhams, 1931)
LUDENDORFF, Erich, My War Memories, vol. I (Hutchinson, 1919)
MCCARTHY, Chris, The Somme: The Day-by-Day Account (Greenwich Editions, 1996)
MACDONALD, Alan, Z Day: The Attack of the VIII Corps at Beaumont Hamel and Serre (Iona, 2014)
MACE, Martin, and GREHAN, John, (eds.), Slaughter on the Somme: The Complete War Diaries of the British Army’s Worst Day (Pen & Sword, 2013)
MADDOCKS, Graham, Liverpool Pals (Pen & Sword, 1991)
MAYHEW, Emily, Wounded: A New History of the Western Front in World War I (Oxford University Press, 2014)
MEAD, Gary, The Good Soldier: The Biography of Douglas Haig (Atlantic, 2007)
——, Victoria’s Cross (Atlantic, 2014)
MIDDLEBROOK, Martin, The First Day on the Somme (Penguin, 2001)
MILNER, Laurie, Leeds Pals (Pen & Sword, 1991)
NICHOLS, G.H.F., The 18th Division in the Great War (William Blackwood, 1922)
NICHOLSON, G.W.L., The Fighting Newfoundlander (McGill-Queens University Press, 2006)
PHILPOTT, William, Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme (Little, Brown, 2009)
——, War of Attrition: Fighting the First World War (Overlook Press, 2014)
PRIOR, Robin and WILSON, Trevor, Command on the Western Front: Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1914–1918 (Blackwell, 1992)
RAWSON, Andy, Somme Campaign (Pen & Sword, 2014)
REYNOLDS, David, The Long Shadow: The Legacies of the Great War in the Twentieth Century (Simon & Schuster, 2014)
ROBERTSHAW, Andrew, Somme 1 July 1916 (Osprey, 2006)
ROGERSON, Sidney, Twelve Days on the Somme (Greenhill, 2006)
SASSOON, Siegfried, Memoirs of an Infantry Officer (Faber, 1965)
SELDON, Anthony, and WALSH, David, Public Schools and the Great War (Pen & Sword, 2014)
SHEEN, John, Tyneside Irish (Pen & Sword, 1998)
SHEFFIELD, Gary, Forgotten Victory—The First World War: Myths and Realities Hodder Headline, 2001
——, The Somme (Cassell, 2003)
SHEFFIELD, Gary, and BOURNE, John, (eds.), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–1918 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005)
SHELDON, Jack, The German Army on the Somme (Pen & Sword, 2007)
STEDMAN, Michael, Salford Pals (Pen & Sword, 1993)
——, Manchester Pals (Pen & Sword, 1994)
STEVENSON, David, 1914–1918: A History of the First World War (Allen Lane, 2004)
STEWART, Graham, and SHEEN, John, Tyneside Scottish (Pen & Sword, 1999)
STRACHAN, Hew, The First World War: A New History (Simon & Schuster, 2014)
TERRAINE, John, Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier (Hutchinson, 1963)
TRAVERS, Tim, Killing Ground: The British Army, the Western Front and the Emergence of Modern Warfare 1900–1918 (Harper Collins, 1987)
TURNER, William, Accrington Pals (Pen & Sword, 1993)
WATSON, Alexander, Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria in World War I (Basic Civitas, 2014)
WILLIAMSON, Henry, The Golden Virgin (Faber, 2010)
WINTER, Jay, The Great War and the British People (Macmillan, 1986)
WINTER, Michael, Into the Blizzard: Walking the Fields of the Newfoundland Dead (Doubleday, 2014)
ARTICLES
BOURNE, John, ‘The BEF on the Somme: Some Career Aspects. Part 1, 1 July 1916’, from Gun Fire. A Journal of First World War History, No. 35, pp. 2–14 (York, 1996)
GREENHALGH, Elizabeth, ‘Why the British were on the Somme in 1916’, War in History 6, pp. 147-73 (California, 1999)
——, ‘Flames on the Somme’, War in History 10, pp. 335–42 (California, 2003)
LEE, John, ‘Some Lessons of the Somme’, in ed. Bond, Brian et al, Look To Your Front, 1999
MARBLE, Sandars, ‘Wire Cutting on the Somme’ Stand To!, No. 61 (Staplehurst, April 2001)
PHILPOTT, William, ‘Why the British Were Really on the Somme’, War in History 9, pp. 446–71 (California, 2002)
PUGSLEY, Christopher, ‘Haig and the Implementation of Tactical Doctrine on the Western Front’, Sandhurst Occasional Paper, No. 8 (Sandhurst, 1991)
STRACHAN, Hew, ‘The Battle of the Somme and British Strategy’ Journal of Strategic Studies, No. 21, pp. 79–85 (Oxford, 1998)
SYM, Andrew, ‘The Learning Curve: The 46th North Midland Division on the Western Front’, History Today, November 2004 (London)
NOTES TO THE TEXT
INTRODUCTION
1 Nicholson, The Fighting Newfoundlander, p. 269.
2 Cave, Battleground Europe, p. 58.
3 Nicholson, The Fighting Newfoundlander, p. 543.
4 Cave, Battleground Europe, p. 58.
5 Christie, For King and Empire, p. 14.
6 Ibid., p. 20.
7 Christie, For King and Empire, pp. 20–1.
8 Nicholson, The Fighting Newfoundlander, p. 270.
9 Ibid., p. 261.
10 Ibid., p. 261 n.1.
11 Mace and Grehan (eds.), Slaughter on the Somme, p. 93.
12 Nicholson, The Fighting Newfoundlander, p. 268.
13 Christie, For King and Empire, p. 15.
14 Cave, Battleground Europe, pp. 62–3.
16 Cave, Battleground Europe, p. 58.
17 Christie, For King and Empire, p. 21.
18 Nicholson, The Fighting Newfoundlander, p. 271.
19 Christie, For King and Empire, p. 21.
20 Cowley (ed.), Great War, p. 326.
21 Mace and Grehan (eds.), Slaughter on the Somme, p. 141.
22 Christie, For King and Empire, p. 33.
23 Ibid., p. 21.
24 Nicholson, The Fighting Newfoundlander, pp. 272–3.
25 Mace and Grehan (eds.), Slaughter on the Somme, p. 141.
26 Nicholson, The Fighting Newfoundlander, p. 272.
27 Mace and Grehan (eds.), Slaughter on the Somme, p. 141.
28 Ibid., p. 142.
29 Ibid., p. 141.
30 Cave, Battleground Europe, p. 67.
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid.
33 MacDonald, Z Day, pp. 614–15.
34 Ibid., p. 610 n.1.
35 Christie, For King and Empire, p. 19.
36 Sheffield, Somme, p. 50.
37 Winter, Into the Blizzard, p. 18.
38 Ibid., p. 24.
39 Christie, For King and Empire, p. 21.
40 Cave, Battleground Europe, p. 74.
CHAPTER ONE
1 Mead, Victoria’s Cross, p. 126.
2 Middlebrook, The First Day, p. 316.
3 Sheffield and Bourne (eds.), Haig’s War Diaries and Letters, p. 171.
4 Clark, The Donkeys: A History of the British Expeditionary Force in 1915 (1961).
5 Barnett, The Lords of War, p. 88.
6 Sheffield, The Chief, p. 151
7 Keegan, The F
irst World War, p. 267.
8 Churchill, Great Contemporaries, p. 165.
9 Ibid., p. 169.
10 London Review of Books, Vol. 13, No. 8 (25 April 1991).
11 Keegan, The First World War, p. 267.
12 Sheffield and Bourne (eds.), Haig’s War Diaries and Letters, p. 217.
13 Barnett, The Lords of War, p. 85.
14 National Archives WO95/863.
15 Barnett, The Lords of War, p. 85.
16 Ibid., p. 87.
17 Sheffield, The Somme, p. 12.
18 Keegan, The Face of Battle, p. 211.
19 Watson, Ring of Steel, p. 311.
20 The Western Front Association Bulletin, No. 76 (Oct/Nov 2006), p. 12.
21 Richard Holmes in Sheffield, The Somme, p. ix.
22 Sheffield., The Somme, p. 15.
23 Keegan, The Face of Battle, p. 213.
24 Sheffield and Bourne (eds.), Haig’s War Diaries and Letters, p. 188.
25 Barnett, The Lords of War, p. 91.
26 Keegan, The Face of Battle, p. 206.
27 Barnett, The Lords of War, p. 91.
28 Watson, Ring of Steel, p. 315.
29 Bourne, ‘The BEF on the Somme’, pp. 2–14.
30 Charteris, At G.H.Q, p. 151.
31 Keegan, The Face of Battle, p. 210.
32 Watson, Ring of Steel, p. 312.
33 The Western Front Association Bulletin, No. 76, p. 12.
34 Watson, Ring of Steel, p. 313.
35 Cowley (ed.), Great War, p. 324.
36 MacDonald, Z Day, pp. 614–15.
37 Keegan, The First World War, p. 267.
38 Prior and Wilson, Command on the Western Front, p. 139.
39 Keegan, The Face of Battle, p. 209.
40 Ibid.
41 IWM 6847, 195/2882, p. 25.
42 Harris, Covenant with Death, p. 44.
43 Reynolds, The Long Shadow, p. 414.
44 Harris, Covenant with Death, p. 61.
45 IWM 3834, 85/51/1.
46 Christie, For King and Empire, p. 8.
47 Watson, Ring of Steel, p. 314.
48 Bourne, ‘The BEF on the Somme’, pp. 2–14.
49 Ibid.
CHAPTER TWO
1 Middlebrook, The First Day, p. 315.
2 Ibid.
3 Barnett, The Lords of War, p. 91.
4 Keegan, The First World War, p. 269.
5 Sheffield, The Somme, p. 22.
6 Sheffield, The Somme, p. 40; MacDonald, Z Day, p. 615.
7 Herwig, First World War, p. 313.