Saxl, Fritz. “Veritas filia temporis,” in Philosophy and History: Essays Presented to Ernst Cassirer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936, pp. 197–222.
Tafuri, Manfredo. Venezia e il Rinascimento. Torino: Einaudi,1985.
———. Renovatio Urbis: Venezia nell’età di Andrea Gritti 1523–1538. Rome: Officina Edizioni, 1984.
Vaccaro, Emerenziano. Le marche dei tipografi. Florence: Olschki, 1983.
Vasari, Giorgio. Le opere. Firenze: Passigli, 1832–38.
Zappella, Giuseppina. Le marche dei tipografi e degli editori italiani del Cinquecento. Editrice Bibliografica, 1986.
Zen, Nicolò. Storia della Guerra Veneto-Turca. Unpublished manuscript. Venice: Biblioteca Marciana.
———. Dell’origine de barbari che distrussero per tutto ’l mondo l’imperio di Roma onde hebbe principio la città di Venetia. Venice: Marcolini, 1558.
Zorzi, Renzo. L’epopea delle scoperte. Florence: Fondazione Giorgio Cini, 1994. See in particular Liberatori Prati, Elisa Vittoria, “Nuove ricerche su Cristoforo Colombo nella Venezia del tardo Cinquecento: le historie di don Fernando,” pp. 135–61.
The Zen Voyages in Relation to Renaissance Cartography
Andrews, Kenneth. Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire 1480–1630. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Armitage, David. Ideological Origins of the British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Barrow, John. A Chronological History of Voyages to the Arctic Regions. London: John Murray, 1818.
Collinson, Richard. The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher. London: The Hakluyt Society, 1867.
Crane, Nicholas. Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the World. New York: Henry Holt, 2003.
Fenton, Edward. The Diaries of John Dee. Oxfordshire: Day Books, 1998.
Hakluyt, Richard. Divers Voyages touching the Discovery of America and the islands adjacent. London: 1682.
Karrow, Robert W. Map Makers of the Sixteenth Century and Their Maps. Chicago: Speculum Orbis Press, 1993.
Kohl, Johann G. A Documentary History of the State of Maine. Vol. 1, A History of the Discovery of the East Coast of North America. Portland: Maine Historical Society, 1869.
Lambert, Andrew. “This Is All We Want: Great Britain and the Baltic Approaches 1815–1914,” in Britain and Denmark: Political, Economic and Cultural Relations in the 19th and 20th Centuries, edited by Jrgen Sevaldsen, Claus Bjrn and Bo Bjrke. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 2002, pp. 147–69.
MacMillan, Ken. Sovereignty and Possession in the English New World: The Legal Foundation of Empire 1576–1640. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
MacMillan, Ken, with Jennifer Abeles. John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2004.
McDermott, James. Martin Frobisher, Elizabethan Privateer. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001.
McGhee, Robert. The Last Imaginary Place: A Human History of the Arctic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
———. The Arctic Voyages of Martin Frobisher: An Elizabethan Adventure. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001.
Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A.D. 500- 1600. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.
Ortelius, Abraham. Theatrum orbis terrarum. Antwerp: 1570.
Roberts, Julian, and Andrew Watson, eds. John Dee’s Library Catalogue. London: Bibliographical Society, 1990.
Wallis, Helen. “England’s Search for the Northern Passage in the 16th and Early 17th centuries.” Arctic 37, no. 4 (1984): pp. 463–72.
Wilford, John Noble. The Mapmakers. New York: Random House, 1981.
On the Zen Trail
Before starting out I read Laura Zolo’s account of her sailing trip across the North Atlantic (Oltre l’orizzonte: la rotta di “7 Roses” sulla scia dei fratelli Zeno. Rome: Editrice Incontri Nautici, 2003). Along the way I found the following books were useful to me; this collection of titles came together rather casually during my journey and is in no way meant to be a comprehensive list.
Orkney and Shetland
Anderson, Peter. Black Patie: The Life and Times of Patrick Stewart, Earl of Orkney, Lord of Shetland. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1992.
Anonymous. Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney, translated by Hermann Palsson and Paul Edwards. London: Penguin Classics, 1981.
Clouston, Joseph S., ed. Records of the Earldom of Orkney 1299–1614. Edinburgh: Constable, 1914.
Crawford, Barbara. “The Earls of Orkney-Caithness and Their Relations with Norway and Scotland, 1158–1470.” PhD dissertation, Saint Andrew’s University, 1971.
Jakobsen, Jakob. The Place Names of Shetland. Orkney: The Orcadian Ltd., 1993, reprint of the 1936 edition.
Mackay Brown, George. Vinland. London: John Murray, 1992.
Saint-Clair, Roland William. The Saint Clair of the Isles. Auckland: Brett, 1898.
Smith, Hance. Shetland, Life and Trade 1550–1914. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1984.
Thomson, William. The New History of Orkney. Edinburgh: Mercat Press, 2001.
Faroe Islands
Anonymous. The Tale of Thrond of Gate commonly called Faereyinga Saga, translated by Frederick York Powell. London: Nutt, 1896.
Isaksen, Jógvan. Adventus Domini. Tórshavn: Mentunargrunnur Studentafelagsins, 2007.
West, John. Faroe: The Emergence of a Nation. London: Christopher & Co., 1972.
Wylie, Jonathan. The Faroe Islands. Kentucky: Kentucky University Press, 1987.
Iceland
Agnarsdóttir, Anna. Great Britain and Iceland 1800–1820. PhD dissertation, London School of Economics and Political Science, 1989.
Anonymous. Njal’s Saga, translated by Leifur Eiriksson with an introduction by Robert Cook. London: Penguin Classics, 2001.
———. The Sagas of Icelanders, edited by Ornolfur Thorsson. London: Penguin Books, 2001.
———. Thorlak’s Saga. Manuscript translated by Nicola Lugosch.
Byoch, Jesse L. Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas & Power. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
Gjerset, Knut. History of Iceland. London: Allen & Unwin, 1924.
Jochens, Jenny. “The Church and Sexuality in Medieval Iceland.” Journal of Medieval History 6 (1980): pp. 377–92.
Johanneson, Jon. A History of the Old Icelandic Commonwealth. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1974.
Karlsson, Gunnar. Iceland’s 1100 Years: History of a Marginal Society. London: Hurst & Company, 2000.
Magnusson, Magnus. The Viking Expansion Westward. London: Bodley Head, 1973.
Greenland
Anonymous. The Vinland Sagas: The Norse Discovery of America, translated by Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Palsson. London: Penguin Classics, 2003.
Gad, Finn. The History of Greenland. London: Hurst & Company, 1970.
Jones, Gwyn. The Norse Atlantic Saga. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Jones, Gwyn, ed. and trans. Eirik the Red and Other Icelandic Sagas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961.
Seaver, Kirsten. The Frozen Echo: Greenland and the Exploration of North America circa A.D. 1000–1500. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996.
Smiley, Jane. The Greenlanders. New York: Knopf, 1988.
Index
Acadia
Adams, Mount
Adventus Domini (Isaksen)
Africa
Agnadello, battle of
Agnello, Giovanni Battista
Aguilar, Jerónimo
Aid
Air Greenland, 7.1, 7.2
Alexander III, Pope
Alf, Bishop
Alftaver
Algonquins
Almagià, Roberto
Andronicus, Byzantine emperor
Anna (wife of Pietro Dragone)
archaeology, 7.1, 7.2
Aretino, Pietro
Arge, Magni
, 3.1, 3.2
Arna (author’s landlady), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
Arthur, King
arts, 1.1, 1.2
Ásgrímsson, Eysteinn
Asia, 1.1, 1.2
Áskot, the House of the God
Atlantic Airways, 3.1, 3.2
atlas
Atuagagdliutit
Augustine order, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1
Augustine’s bell, 5.1, 5.2
Aztec Empire
Baffin Island, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5
Baffin Island Inuit
Banks, Joseph
Barbari, Jacopo de
Barbaro, Daniele, 1.1, 1.2
Barbarossa, Frederick, Holy Roman emperor
Bartholomeus (Mercator’s son)
Beardless Njál, 5.1, 5.2
Benedictine order, 5.1, 7.1
Bergen
Bergthora
Best, George
Biblioteca Marciana, prl.1, prl.2, 1.1, 9.1, 9.2
Bichignona
Birkebeiners
biscotto
Bishop’s Palace, 4.1, 4.2
bitumen
Black Death (bubonic plague), 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1
Bluie West 8, 7.1, 7.2
Bondendon, 3.1, 3.2
Bordone, Benedetto, 6.1, 7.1
Brabant
Brazil
Bredsdorff, Jakob Hornemann
Bressay
Bressay, Fort of
Bresterson, Sigmund
Britus, Johannes
Brown, Dan
Brown, Rawdon
Bruges
Brynjolfsson, Hilmar Jón
Buache, Jean Nicolas, 3.1, 9.1
bubonic plague (Black Death), 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1
Burray Island
Cabeza de Vaca
Cabot, John (Giovanni Caboto), 1.1, 6.1
Cabot, Sebastian, 1.1, 6.1
Café Natur
Campbell, Tony
cannibals, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
cannons
Cape Trin
Carpaccio
Carta da navegar, prl.1, prl.2, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1
see also Zen map
Carta marina
Cartier, Jacques, 1.1, 6.1, 8.1
cartography, see maps, mapmaking
Cecil, William, 8.1, 8.2
Champlain, Samuel de
Charles V, Holy Roman emperor, 1.1, 1.2
China, northwest passage to, 1.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5
Chinazzo, Daniele di, log of
Chiocchetti, Daniele
Chioggia, battle of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Christian (author’s guide)
Christianity, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1
see also monasteries, monks
Cicero
Cipriota, Nicolò Robusto
Clement VI, Pope
Clement VII, Pope, 1.1, 4.1
Cnoyen, Jakob
cogs, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2
Collegio della Milizia da Mar
Columbus, Christopher, 1.1, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2
Company of Cathay, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
compasses, navigational, 2.1, 8.1
Congress of Vienna
Constantinople
Contarini, Andreola
Contarini, Doge, 2.1, 2.2
Contarini, Elisabetta
Contarini, Orsa
Cook, James, 4.1, 9.1
Copenhagen, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
Coronado, Francisco
Coronelli, Vincenzo, map of, 8.1, 8.2
Cortés, Hernán, 1.1, 6.1
Cortigiana, La (Aretino)
Council of Ten, 1.1, 1.2, 8.1, 9.1
Countess of Warwick Island, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Crawford, Barbara
Crespo, Violante
currachs, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2
Cyprus
Daedalus
Da Mosto, Andrea
Da Vinci Code, The (Brown)
Davis, John
Davis Strait
Dee, John, prl.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
and England’s imperial claim to North America, 8.1, 8.2
Delle navigationi et viaggi (Ramusio), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
Dell’origine de barbari … (Nicolò the Younger), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
Dello scoprimento … (Nicolò the Younger), see Zen narrative (Dello scoprimento …) (Nicolò the Younger)
Denmark, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 9.1
Dennis
Description of Africa (Leo Africanus)
Dialoghi Segreti, I (Pescia)
Diedo, Vittorio
Disko Bay, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1
Dissertazione intorno ai viaggi e scoperte … (Zurla)
Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (Hakluyt)
Doni, Anton Francesco
Doria, Andrea
Dorset Inuit, 7.1, 7.2
Drake, Francis
Drogio, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Duisburg, prl.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Edward III, king of England
Eggers, Heinrich Peter von, 3.1 9.1, 9.1
Elements (Euclid), 8.1, 8.2
Elizabeth I, queen of England, prl.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Ellitsgaard-Rasmussen, Knud
Emerentia (Mercator’s daughter)
Enciclopedia italiana
England, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
expansion onto North America by, prl.1, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2
Engroneland, prl.1, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
Epistles (Cicero)
Erik of Pomerania, king of Denmark, 3.1, 6.1
Erik the Red, 6.1, 7.1
Erlend, Bishop
Esk Valley, 4.1, 4.2
Estlanda, prl.1, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1
Estotiland, prl.1, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6
European Championship (soccer)
Eyjólfsson, Villi, 5.1, 5.2
Færyinga Saga
Fair Isle
Faroes, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2
author’s visit to
desire for independence of
formation and early settlement of, 3.1, 3.2
as possible location of Frislanda, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1
topography of
turmoil in
Faroes, University of
Faroese language, 3.1, 3.2
Fez
fisherman’s tale, in Zen narrative, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2
fish trade, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1
Fixlanda, 3.1, 3.2
Flanders
Messer Nicolò’s voyage to
Flanders, Sea of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Flanders, trade with, 2.1, 2.2
Forlì
Forster, John Reinhold, 4.1, 9.1
Fracastoro, Girolamo
France, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 5.1, 6.1
Francis I, king of France, 1.1, 1.2
freestone
Freyr
Frisius, Gemma
Frislanda, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.1, 9.2
Messer Nicolò in, 2.1, 3.1, 6.1
natives of, 3.1, 3.2
theories on actual location of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1
topography of
Frislanda (city), 4.1, 4.2
Frobisher, Martin, prl.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Frobisher Bay, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Gabriel, 8.1, 8.2
galleys, merchant
Gardar
Genoa, Nicholaus and Antonius
Geographia (Ptolomy)
geothermals, as used by monks, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 9.1
Germany, 2.1, 5.1
Giolito
Giunti, Tommaso, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
fire at press of
Glastron Bowrider, 7.1, 7.2
globes, 8.1, 8.2
Gnupsson, Eirik, bishop of Greenland
gold, quest for, 8.1, 8.
2, 8.3, 8.4
Graah, Augustus, 9.1, 9.2
Great Plague, see Black Death (bubonic plague)
Great Schism, 4.1, 7.1
Greece
Greenland, prl.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 9.1, 9.2
author’s visit to
under Denmark, 7.1, 7.2
early settlement of
natives of, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Norse in, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
see also Frislanda
Greenlanders, The (Smiley)
Greenlanders’ Saga, The
Greenland Inuit, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Greenland National Museum
Gregorian Reform
Grevenbroeck, Alessandro
Grislanda
Gritti, Andrea, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 8.1
Gróa
Gunnar
Guzmán, Oviedo de
Haakon, king of Norway (ghost)
Haakon IV, king of Norway, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
Hafthorsson brothers
Hakluyt, Richard, prl.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2
Hakluyt Society, 9.1, 9.2
Hallgrimsdóttir, Margrét
Hanseatic League, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1
Harald Finehair, Viking king, 3.1, 5.1
Haslemere, 4.1, 4.2
Hekla, Mount
Henry, prince of Portugal
Henry VII, king of England, 6.1, 8.1
Herodotus, 1.1, 1.2
Hestur
Highland Park distillery
Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus (Olaus Magnus)
History of Orkney (Thomson)
History of the Voyages and Discoveries Made in the North (Forster)
History of the War between Venice and the Turks (Nicolò the Younger)
Hjaltland
Hobbs, William Herbert
Holy Land, 8.1, 8.2
Holy Trinity, feast of
Hreinn (author’s landlord)
humanism
Humboldt, Alexander von, prl.1, 9.1, 9.2
Hvalsey
Hvitserk glacier (White Shirt)
Icaria, prl.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
natives of
possible locations of
Icarus
Iceland, prl.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2
author’s visit to, 5.1, 5.2
early history and settlement of
monasteries of, 5.1, 5.2
Icelandic hens
Icelandic language
Ilofe
Ilulissat, 7.1, 7.2
India
Ingstad, Helge
Inquisition