67 Wriothesley
68 Clifford. Sander also describes Anne Boleyn finding Jane Seymour sitting on Henry’s knee.
69 George Wyatt
70 Clifford
71 SC
72 SC; Wriothesley
73 LP
74 Ibid
75 George Wyatt
76 LP
77 LP; SC
78 LP
79 Fraser
CHAPTER 2: THE SCANDAL OF CHRISTENDOM
1 Loades: Tragical History
2 Burnet
3 LP
4 I ves
5 LP
6 SC
7 George Wyatt
8 Lofts
9 Loades: Mary Tudor
10 LP
11 Loades: Mary Tudor
12 LP
13 Ibid
14 SC
15 LP
16 Loades: Mary Tudor; Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens
17 Ives and Dowling, for example
18 LP
19 Ibid
20 For Mary Tudor, the future Mary I, see the biographies by Loades, Prescott, and Erickson.
21 Warnicke: “Fall”
22 Clifford
23 LP; Williams: Henry VIII and His Court; Warnicke: “Fall”
24 Lisle Letters; LP; Ives
25 Fuller: The Spear and the Spindle
26 SC; Starkey: Six Wives
27 Complete Peerage
28 SC
29 Porter; Wilson: Holbein
30 LP
31 SC
32 Ibid
33 Ibid
34 Ibid
35 Ibid
36 LP
37 Ibid
38 SC; Starkey: Six Wives
39 SC
40 Ibid
41 Erickson: Bloody Mary
42 LP
43 Scarisbrick
44 SC; LP
45 SC
46 Porter
47 Ives
48 Friedmann; Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens
49 VC
50 SC
51 Il successo de la Morte della Regina
52 SC; LP. The dispatches of Chapuys and Jean de Dinteville, the French ambassador, attest to Anne Boleyn’s unpopularity and her diminishing power.
53 Cited by Bernard
54 LP
55 Ibid
56 Chronicle of King Henry VIII
57 State Papers
58 LP; Bernard
59 Carles
60 LP
61 VC; Vergil
62 SC
63 SC
64 LP; SC
65 Ibid
66 LP
67 Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
68 SC
69 LP
70 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens
71 SC
72 Cited by Mathew
73 SC
74 Ibid
75 Ibid
76 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
77 Bernard
79 Ibid
80 Starkey: Six Wives
81 SC
CHAPTER 3: THE FRAILTY OF HUMAN AFFAIRS
1 LP
2 This report is dated February 25, but must have been written earlier, as Anne was at York Place by February 24.
3 Ives
4 LP
5 Statutes of the Realm
6 LP
7 Ibid
8 Ibid
9 Clifford
10 SC; Clifford
11 LP
12 Ibid
13 Latymer
14 LP
15 LP; Chronicle of King Henry VIII
16 LP
17 SC; Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens
18 LP
19 Ibid
20 Ibid
21 LP; SC
22 LP
23 Wilson: In the Lion’s Court
24 Warnicke: “Fall;” Bush; Elton: “The Good Duke”
25 Warnicke: “Fall;” Seymour; Clifford; SC
26 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens
27 LP
28 Prescott
29 Churchill
30 Ives; LP
31 SC; LP
32 Childs
33 SC; LP
34 Fraser
35 Warnicke
36 LP
37 Hamer
38 Ives; Gristwood; Porter
39 LP
40 Several historians give the date of this interview as April 1, but in his report of it, dated that day, Chapuys wrote that he had seen Cromwell the evening before.
41 Warnicke: “Fall”
42 LP
43 SC
44 Friedmann
45 LP
46 Lisle Letters; LP; Ives
47 Clifford
48 LP
49 Henry VIII: A European Court in England
50 State Papers
51 Wilson: Uncrowned Kings; Wilson: In the Lion’s Court; Hamer; Bernard: “Anne Boleyn’s Religion”
52 LP
53 Ibid
54 Hamer; Ives
55 Latymer
56 LP
57 Latymer; Ives
58 LP; Ives
59 LP
60 Ibid
61 Froude: Divorce
62 LP
63 Ives
64 LP
65 Ibid
66 LP; Friedmann
67 LP
68 SC
69 LP
70 Ibid
71 Elton: Tudor Revolution
72 Ridley: Henry VIII
73 LP
74 Ibid
75 SC
76 LP
77 Ibid
78 Ridley: Henry VIII
79 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens; Ives
80 LP
81 SC
82 LP
83 Friedmann
84 LP. Cromwell was to confide this to Chapuys on June 6.
85 LP; SC
86 LP
CHAPTER 4: PLOTTING THE AFFAIR
1 Loades: Chronicles
2 LP
3 Bagley
4 For the theory that Cromwell plotted Anne Boleyn’s fall, see Ives.
5 Porter
6 Waldman
7 Froude: Divorce
8 Mathew
9 Loach
10 Wilson: In the Lion’s Court
11 Friedmann
12 Wilson: Tower
13 Friedmann
14 Rivals in Power
15 Ives; Loades: Mary Tudor
16 Starkey: Six Wives
17 Ives
18 Loades: Mary Tudor
19 Ives; Gristwood
20 Sergeant
21 LP
22 Ibid
23 Strype
24 Ives
25 Williams: Henry VIII and His Court
26 LP
27 Froude: Divorce
28 Friedmann; Froude: Divorce
29 Spelman
30 LP
31 The Beauforts were the descendants of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and fourth son of Edward III, by his mistress (later his third wife) Katherine Swynford. Gaunt’s great-granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort, was Henry VIII’s grandmother.
Erickson (Anne Boleyn) suggests it may not have been the wife of the second Earl of Worcester who laid this evidence, but the widow of the first earl, Eleanor Sutton. But she had remarried, to Lord Leonard Grey, Viscount Grane, so would then have been known as the Lady Grane or the Lady Grey, following the style adopted by her husband, who did not use his Irish title. She was, anyway, residing with him in Ireland at this time.
32 It was engraved by Francis Sandford, the seventeenth-century herald and genealogist, and restored by the ninth Duke of Beaufort in 1898.
33 LP
34 Starkey: Six Wives
35 LP
36 Ibid
37 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”
38 Bernard: “Fall;” Ives: “Fall Reconsidered.” I can find no contemporary evide
nce to support claims on the Internet that the countess was Henry’s mistress. If that were true, Elizabeth Browne’s connection with Henry might explain her hostility toward the Queen, who might possibly have supplanted her in Henry’s affections. It is more likely, though, that Elizabeth had bowed to pressure from her relatives to betray Anne, and was worried about that hundred pounds she had borrowed without her husband’s knowledge.
39 Warnicke: “Sexual Heresy”
40 LP
41 LP; www.british-history.ac.uk
42 Warnicke
43 Ives
44 LP; Martienssen
45 LP
46 Milherve; Ives: “Faction”
47 LP
48 Ives: “Faction”
49 Warnicke
50 Spelman. LP has this incorrectly catalogued under 1531. Sir John Spelman’s account is in Hargrave ms. 388, ff.187, 187v. Burnet, who had access to Spelman’s Commonplace Book, and quoted him incorrectly, asserted that this page had been torn off and was incomplete, but that is not the case (see Ives: “Faction,” and Chapter 11 below).
51 Ives: “Faction”
52 Sergeant; Ives; Warnicke
53 Cotton manuscript Vespasian F.XIII, f.198; also in LP
54 Ives
55 Fox
56 Privy Purse Expenses
57 LP; Ives
58 LP
59 Roper
60 Sir William Kingston’s letters in LP
61 Thomas
62 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”
63 Statutes of the Realm
64 LP
65 Warnicke: “Fall;” Bush
66 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens
67 LP
68 SC
69 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens
70 Ibid
71 LP
72 Carles
73 Friedmann
74 Loades: Henry VIII and His Queens
75 Ives
76 Ridley: Henry VIII
77 Ibid
78 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”
79 Ibid
80 Warnicke
81 Neale: Elizabeth
82 LP
83 Murphy
84 LP
85 Ibid
86 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”
87 Wriothesley. I am indebted to Glen Lucas for his translation of this and other documents in the Baga de Secretis.
88 Bernard
89 Ives
90 Fox
91 Friedmann
92 Baga de Secretis
93 Friedmann
94 Baga de Secretis
95 Miller; Register of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
96 Childs
97 LP
98 Baga de Secretis; Fox
99 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”
100 Ives
101 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”
102 Bernard
103 LP; Starkey: Six Wives
104 State Papers; SC; LP
105 I myself suggested that Anne might have been pregnant at this time, in my book Henry VIII: King and Court (2001), but after discussing the matter with John Guy, and reading the considered observations of David Starkey, I have been readily persuaded that I was probably wrong.
106 SC
107 LP
108 Denny: Anne Boleyn
109 Gristwood
110 Strype
111 LP
112 Wilson: Uncrowned Kings
113 LP
114 Ibid
115 Denny: Anne Boleyn
116 LP; SC
117 LP
118 Ibid
119 Ibid
120 Ives: “Faction”
121 LP
122 LP; Warnicke: “Fall”
123 LP; Lisle Letters
CHAPTER 5: UNLAWFUL LECHERY
1 Aless
2 LP
3 SC
4 LP
5 Sergeant
6 Cavendish: Wolsey; Hall
7 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
8 Preface to Gascoigne, by Richard Smith
9 LP
10 Clark
11 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
12 Warnicke
13 Ibid
14 Chronicle of Calais
15 Warnicke
16 Cited by Starkey: Reign of Henry VIII
17 Carles
18 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
19 Williams: Henry VIII and His Court; Friedmann
20 Spelman
21 LP
22 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
23 Ibid
24 Privy Purse Expenses; Cavendish: Metrical Visions
25 Friedmann
26 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
27 Privy Purse Expenses; Carles
28 LP
29 Friedmann
30 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
31 Carles
32 National Archives, Exchequer: Augmentation Office records, Ancient Deeds Series B, E326
33 LP
34 LP; SC
35 LP
36 Ibid
37 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
38 Murphy
39 Ives: “Faction;” Childs
40 SC; Letters and Accounts of William Brereton
41 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
42 LP
43 Letters and Accounts of William Brereton; Murphy
44 Ives: “Fall Reconsidered”
45 LP
46 Constantine; Murphy; Ives
47 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
48 Gwyn; LP; Lancashire and Cheshire Cases in the Court of Star Chamber
49 Murphy; Ives: “Court and County Palatine”
50 Murphy
51 Ibid
52 Warnicke
53 Clifford