No Ordinary Time

  391 “I really think . . .”: ER diary of trip, Nov. 17, 1942, box 2962, ER Papers, FDRL.

  392 “I met her at the airport . . .”: Churchill & Roosevelt Correspondence, vol. II, p. 7.

  392 “which is something . . .”: MD, Nov. 17, 1942.

  392 gave him the presents: Newsweek, Nov. 30, 1942, p. 38.

  392 “it was useless to expect . . .”: NYT, Nov. 18, 1942, p. 27.

  392 “Would it be possible . . .”: FDR to Biddle, Nov. 17, 1942, PSF 76, FDRL.

  392 “Quiet day . . .”: MD, Nov. 21, 1942.

  392 “It was deeply interesting . . .”: ER to M. Gellhorn, Dec. 1, 1942, ER Microfilm Collection, FDRL.

  393 “I should have liked . . .”: TIR, p. 278.

  393 Thanksgiving Day service: Hassett, Off the Record, p. 142.

  393 “I can think of a thousand . . .”: MD, Nov. 23, 1942.

  393 “His religious faith . . .”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 9.

  394 “and carried out . . .”: Hassett, Off the Record, p. 141.

  394 “Personally, whether I . . .”: NYT, Nov. 24, 1942, p. 1.

  394 “a drab and gloomy day”: NYT, Nov. 29, 1942, sect. VII, p. 8.

  394 “who had to step . . .”: I. F. Stone, The War Years, 1939-1945 (1988), p. 142.

  394 “was not one of the boys . . .”: David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (1988), p. 133.

  394 “I have determined . . .”: Henderson to FDR, Dec. 15, 1942, PSF 151, FDRL.

  394 “never completely happy . . .”: John Kenneth Galbraith, A Life in Our Times (1981), p. 179.

  395 “We have lost . . .”: NR, Dec. 28, 1942, p. 847.

  395 “the second phase . . .”: Stone, War Years, p. 144.

  395 McNutt had come: Smith conference notes, Dec. 4, 1942, Harold Smith Papers, FDRL.

  395 “might quite possibly hate so . . .”: Stimson Diary, Nov. 7, 1942, Yale University.

  395 December 5 executive order: NYT, Dec. 5, 1942, p. 1.

  395 “more power over men . . .”: NYT, Dec. 6, 1942, p. 1.

  395 CMP: Blum, V Was for Victory pp. 122-23.

  396 Day of Mourning and Prayer: David S. Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945 (1984), p. 71.

  396 Riegner report: ibid., pp. 44-45.

  396 “at one blow . . .”: Martin Gilbert, The Second World War (1989), p. 351.

  396 “with horror”: MD, Dec. 5, 1942.

  396 Wise asked for meeting: Arthur D. Morse, While Six Million Died (1983), pp. 26-28.

  396 “unless action is taken . . .”: Wyman, Abandonment, p. 72.

  396 “We shall do . . .”: ibid., p. 73.

  397 “the free movement . . .”: NYT, Nov. 3, 1942, p. 1.

  397 “The ugly truth . . .”: Newsweek, quoted in Wyman, Abandonment, p. 57.

  397 “The question of the Jewish . . .”: Boelcki, ed., Secret Conferences, p. 240.

  397 “the target of more adverse . . .”: NYT, Dec. 19, 1942, p. 23.

  397 “to dread, not what . . .”: Joseph P. Lash, Love, Eleanor (1982), p. 417.

  398 “This was the beginning . . .”: California Pioneer Teacher, p. 6, Hardie Robbins Papers, FDRL.

  398 “Looking back across . . .”: Stone, War Years, p. 134.

  398 “At the end . . .”: NYT, Nov. 15, 1942, p. 3.

  398 “pending anti-trust suits . . .”: NYT, March 29, 1942, p. 1.

  398 “one of the first major . . .”: ibid.

  399 approximately 175,000 companies: Blum, V for Victory, p. 123.

  399 New Year’s festivities: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, pp. 364-65.

  399 “She would see the news . . .”: interview with Dawn Deslie.

  399 mementos: in the possession of Jane Scarborough.

  400 “She started crying . . .”: Ann Rochon to Mr. Pres., Dec. 31, 1942, PPF 3737, FDRL.

  400 “To the United . . .”; “To the person who makes . . .”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 364.

  CHAPTER SIXTEEN: “The Greatest Man I Have Ever Known”

  401 first to fly overseas: ER interview, Graff Papers, FDRL.

  401 first since Lincoln: NYT, Jan. 27, 1943, p. 6.

  402 heading south to Miami: Grace Tully, F.D.R, My Boss (1949), p. 208.

  402 “It’s not only that . . .”: Lord Moran, Churchill—The Struggle for Survival, 1940-1965 (1966), pp. 86-87.

  402 “The P.M. is at a disadvantage . . .”: ibid., p. 86.

  402 Description of security: “Log of the Trip of the President to the Casablanca Conference,” p. 522, OF 200, FDRL; NYT, Jan. 27, 1943, p. 6; Michael F. Reilly, Reilly of the White House (1947), p. 149.

  402 “I hope you’ll hurry . . .”: Ross McIntire, White House Physician (1946), p. 149.

  403 The president’s villa: Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It (1946), pp. 65-66.

  403 “Father was . . . not a bit tired . . .”: ibid., p. 64.

  403 “Stalingrad makes me ashamed . . .”: ER to LH, Oct. 1, 1942, LH Papers, FDRL.

  403 “After nearly three . . .”: Martin Gilbert, The Second World War (1989), p. 399.

  404 60,000 trucks: Robert H. Jones, The Roads to Russia (1969), appendix; “14th Report to Congress on Lend-Lease Operations for the Period Ending Dec. 31, 1943,” FDRL.

  404 “I feel confident . . .”: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (1970), p. 315.

  404 “One of the most poignant . . .”: Averell Harriman and Elie Abel, Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin, 1941-1946 (1975), p. 183.

  405 “the faces of the men . . .”: Life, March 8, 1943, p. 51.

  405 “Gosh—it’s . . .”; “Those troops . . .”: Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It, pp. 106-7.

  405 “certainly was in rollicking form . . .”: Elliott to ER, Feb. 28, 1943, box 57, Halsted Papers, FDRL.

  405 “As always . . .”: Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It, p. 94.

  405 “One glimpse of the tiara . . .”: ibid., p. 110.

  406 “he had no intention . . .”: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins (1948), p. 688.

  406 sultan delighted: Elliot Roosevelt, As He Saw It, pp. 110-12.

  406 the bride, the groom: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 680.

  406 “Well, just look at him! . . .”: Moran, Churchill, p. 88.

  406 “The General was sullen . . .”: Reilly, Reilly, p. 157.

  406 de Gaulle noticed shadows: Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs (1964), p. 390.

  407 “In human affairs . . .”: ibid., pp. 389-92.

  407 “In these days . . .”: Moran, Churchill, p. 87.

  407 “Will you at least . . .” . . . “I shall do that . . .”: de Gaulle, War Memoirs, p. 399.

  407 “in high dudgeon . . .”: Harriman and Abel, Special Envoy, pp. 188-89.

  407 “and then suddenly . . .”: ibid., p. 188.

  408 “Let us spend two days . . .”: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. IV, The Hinge of Fate (1950), p. 621.

  408 made a cradle: McIntire, White House Physician, p. 155.

  408 “dangling like the limbs . . .”; “ . . . most lovely spot . . .”: Moran, Churchill, p. 90.

  408 “You simply cannot . . .”; “If anything happened . . .”: Eric Larabee, Commander in Chief (1987), p. 39.

  409 “Dearest Babs . . .”: Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, p. 324.

  409 “He always used to tell me . . .”: ER interview, Graff Papers, FDRL.

  409 “What do you know! . . .”: FDR to ER, Jan. 29, 1943, box 12, Roosevelt Family Papers Donated by the Children, FDRL.

  409 “Welcome home! . . .”: ER to FDR, Jan. 28, 1943, box 16, Roosevelt Family Papers Donated by the Children, FDRL.

  409 “I’d give my eyeteeth . . .”: John R. Boettiger, Jr., A Love in Shadow (1978), p. 238.

  410 “I feared you were getting tired . . .”: ibid.

  410 “I won’t say . . .”: Bernard Asbell, Mother and Daughter (1988), p. 154.

  410 “From the moment . .
.”: ibid.

  410 “I went to the train . . .”: ER to JL, Feb. 3, 1943, Lash Papers, FDRL.

  410 “I hated to see you go . . .”: Asbell, Mother and Daughter, p. 154.

  411 “It was a pathetic . . .”: Stimson Diary, Jan. 9, 1943, Yale University.

  411 “The President is the poorest . . .”: Stimson Diary, March 28, 1943, Yale University.

  411 “He wanted to relieve . . .”: Felix Frankfurter, From the Diaries of Felix Frankfurter (1975), p. 168.

  411 Byrnes told FDR: James F. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly (1947), pp. 171-73.

  412 HH told FDR: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 699-700.

  412 “They are too much alike . . .”: I. F. Stone, The War Years, 1939-1945 (1988), p. 151.

  412 “Mr. President, I’m here . . .”: Bernard M. Baruch, Baruch: The Public Years (I960), pp. 317-18.

  412 “Most of my time . . .”: FDR to AB, Feb. 10, 1943, box 62, Halsted Papers, FDRL.

  412 “so far away in her mind . . .”: Joseph P. Lash, A World of Love: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends, 1943-1962 (1984), p. 100.

  413 “We got to know Mrs. Roosevelt . . .”: interview with Barbara Dudley.

  413 “Where it was just . . .”: Ann Rochon to ER, May 14, 1943, box 1731, ER Papers, FDRL.

  413 “It was really very dramatic . . .”: MD, Feb. 7, 1943.

  413 “Exhibiting her usual . . .”: Portland Press Herald, Feb. 8, 1943, p. 1.

  413 “The real situation . . .”: Business Week, Jan. 9, 1943, p. 72.

  413 “A woman is a substitute . . .”: Paul Boyer et al., The Enduring Vision (1993), p. 914.

  413 “If you’ve sewed on buttons . . .”: leaflet, U.S. Department of Labor and Women’s Bureau, April 1943, Division of Research, Record Group 86, Women’s Bureau, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

  414 “women who maintain jobs . . .”: Catholic World, April 3, 1943, pp. 482-86.

  414 “a very chaotic situation . . .”: NYT, Sept. 2, 1942, p. 12.

  414 “women’s outside responsibilities . . .”: NYT, March 6, 1943, p. 10.

  414 “No matter how intense . . .”: War Manpower Commission, “The Employment of Women: Facing Facts in the Utilization of Manpower,” June 1943, Division of Research, Record Group 86, Women’s Bureau, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

  414 called for wide variety: NYT, Sept. 2, 1942, p. 12; Portland Press Herald, Feb. 8, 1943, p. 2.

  414 “Shyly they came forward . . .”: Portland Press Herald, Feb. 9, 1943, p. 2.

  415 “infinite variety . . .”: Life, June 8, 1942, pp. 26-27.

  415 ER toured: MD, Feb. 14, 1943.

  415 “In our spare time . . .”: interview with Ruth Thompson Pierce.

  415 “the lack of privacy . . .”: MD, Feb. 14, 1943.

  415 reviewed twenty-eight hundred: NYT, Feb. 15, 1943, p. 1.

  415 “I am sure that if . . .”: MD, Feb. 14, 1943.

  415 Lanham Act: NYT, Sept. 1, 1942, p. 15.

  416 “a mere drop in the bucket”: SEP, Oct. 10, 1942, p. 106.

  416 “the child should be . . .”: Public Welfare, May 1943, p. 141.

  416 “The worst mother . . .”: NYT, Jan. 26, 1943, p. 16.

  416 “What are you doing . . .”: Perkins to Katherine Lenroot, June 26, 1942, Children’s Bureau 1942; records of the Department of Labor, Record Group 174, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

  416 Statistics on female employment: Boyer, The Enduring Vision, p. 913.

  416 “a 9 year old boy . . .”: Fortune, Feb. 1943, p. 224.

  417 “a woman in the graveyard shift . . .”: SEP, Oct. 10, 1942, p. 20.

  417 “These are not isolated cases . . .”: ibid.

  417 women at Portland shipyards: NYT Magazine, Nov. 7, 1943, p. 20.

  417 plans under way: ibid.

  417 “It was as nice . . .”: interview with James Hymes.

  417 “I could tell immediately . . .”: interview with Mary Willett.

  418 “We had Indian children . . .”: ibid.

  418 “It was without question . . .”: ibid.

  418 In its first year: pamphlet, One Year Anniversary, n.d., loaned to author by Mary Willett.

  418 “She had seen a food-service . . .”: interview with James Hymes.

  418 nearly $50 million: Margaret O’Brien Steinfels, Who’s Minding the Children? The History and Politics of Day Care in America (1973), p. 67.

  419 “Oddly enough . . .”: NYT, March 6, 1943, p. 9.

  419 “I think I picked . . .”: Churchill & Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence (1984), vol. II, pp. 156-57.

  419 “The Führer seems . . .”: Joseph Goebbels, The Goebbels Diaries, 1942-1943 (1948), p. 266.

  419 “permanently caustic . . .”: Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (1970), p. 294.

  420 “were appreciated as if . . .”: ibid., pp. 296-97.

  420 “a bit worn as to patience . . .”: Tommy to Esther Lape, April 6, 1943, box 6, Esther Lape Papers, FDRL.

  420 “I’m completely exhausted . . .”: Joseph P. Lash, Love, Eleanor (1982), p. 457.

  420 “stretched out luxuriantly . . .”: ibid., pp. 441-42.

  420 “I loved just sitting . . .”: ibid., p. 449.

  421 room had been bugged: ibid., pp. 489-91.

  421 “All of the top men . . .”: ibid., p. 490.

  421 “loyal Americans . . .”: Henry Jones to ER, Feb. 3, 1943, attached to ER to Stimson, March 8, 1943, ER Microfilm Collection, FDRL.

  422 ER wrote to Stimson: ibid.

  422 “They have a show . . .”: Philip McGuire, Taps for a Jim Crow Army (1983), p. 13.

  422 Lena Horne cut tour: Ulysses G. Lee, The Employment of Negro Troops (1966), p. 307.

  422 “the uncertainty . . .”: ibid., p. 30.

  422 “That’s the kind of democracy . . .”: memo to Director of Intelligence, Morale Report on 493rd Port Battalion, June 17, 1943, Record Group, p. 107, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

  422 “What a lot we must do . . .”: MD, July 28, 1943.

  423 general forced to assign: Larrabee, Commander in Chief, p. 104.

  423 “including theaters . . .”: Lee, Negro Troops, p. 308.

  423 “The fact that anyone . . .”: ibid., p. 400.

  423 “We were undoubtedly . . .”: Air and Space, Oct.-Nov. 1989, p. 35.

  423 “The waiting got tiresome”: Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., Autobiography (1992), p. 90.

  423 “The program of preflight . . .”; “This seems to me . . .”: ER to Stimson, April 10, 1943, box 890, ER Papers, FDRL.

  424 “tremendous moment . . .”: Davis, Autobiography, p. 93.

  424 “As we left the shores . . .”: ibid., p. 94.

  424 “blacks could fly . . .”: Black Americans in Defense of Our Nation, Washington, D.C: Department of Defense (1990), p. 64.

  424 1,578 missions: Air and Space, Oct.-Nov. 1989, p. 38.

  424 “the hard plodding . . .”: ER to FDR, April 1, 1943, box 16, Roosevelt Family Papers Donated by the Children, FDRL.

  424 “Men are always little boys . . .”: Asbell, Mother and Daughter, p. 158.

  424 “had two meals every day . . .”: Lash, World of Love, p. 3.

  425 “She had to get off . . .”: ibid.

  425 army had expanded: Kent R. Greenfield, Robert R. Palmer, and Bell I. Wiley, The Organization of Ground Combat Troops (1987), pp. 212-17.

  425 “Just imagining it . . .”: Geoffrey Perrett, There’s a War to Be Won (1991), p. xxvi.

  425 “Fort Benning is such . . .”: “Log of the President’s Inspection Trip,” April 15, 1943, OF 200, FDRL.

  425 “Even in the Infantry . . .”: Robert R. Palmer, Bell I. Wiley, and William Keast, The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Forces (1948), p. 2.

  426 “did not represent . . .”: ibid., p. 4.

  426 “I don’t get as good . . .”: “Log,” April 18, 1943.

  426 “This is a lovely . . .”: MD, April 19, 1943.

  426 headed to Mexico: NYT, Apr
il 22, 1943, p. 1.

  427 “some of the officers . . .”: “Log,” April 21, 1943.

  427 “It seems to me . . .”: “Log,” April 25, 1943.

  427 “The Army has gone . . .”: ibid.

  427 “His spirits were higher . . .”: NYT, April 25, 1943, p. 8; U.S. News, April 30, 1943, p. 31.

  427 “who first accepted . . .”: Ickes to FDR, April 13, 1943, Harold Ickes Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

  428 camps built by War Relocation Authority: Carey McWilliams, Prejudice: Japanese Americans (1944), p. 156.

  428 “You could not take hold . . .”: Audrie Girdner and Anne Loftis, The Great Betrayal (1969), p. 212.

  428 “It chokes you . . .”: ER, “Japanese Relocation Camps,” unpublished manuscript written for Collier’s, attached to letter, Dillion Myer to ER, May 13, 1943, box 881, ER Papers, FDRL.

  428 “It gets into every pore . . .”: letter received by evacuee in Granada from another evacuee in Topaz, Feb. 12, 1943, attached to Dillion Myer to ER, May 13, 1943, box 881, ER Papers, FDRL.

  428 “covered everything . . .”: Dillion Myer, “Autobiography,” OH, University of California at Berkeley.

  428 “Everything is spotlessly clean . . .”: MD, April 23, 1943.

  428 “Sometimes there are little . . .”: ibid.

  429 “We are at war . . .”: McWilliams, Prejudice, p. 160.

  429 “coddled”: ER, “Japanese Relocation Camps.”

  429 “To be frank with you . . .”: McWilliams, Prejudice, p. 212.

  429 “With everyone eating . . .”: interview with Jiro Ishihara.

  429 “We hold the advantage . . .”: Charles Kikuchi, The Kikuchi Diary (1973), p. 81.

  429 “For the young people . . .”: interview with Jiro Ishihara.

  430 “Feel sort of sorry for Pop . . .”: Kikuchi, Diary, p. 61.

  430 “I was very happy . . .”: Henry Ebihara to Stimson, Feb. 4, 1943, attached to letter, Dillion Myer to ER, May 13, 1943, box 881, ER Papers, FDRL.

  430 “to start independent . . .”: ER, “Japanese Relocation Camps.”

  430 “To undo mistakes . . .”: ibid.

  430 “normal American life . . .”: FDR to Ickes, April 24, 1943, Harold Ickes Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

  430 “a vicious, well-organized . . .”: Stimson to Myer, May 10, 1943, attached to Dillion Myer to ER, May 13, 1943, box 881, ER Papers, FDRL.